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Figure 3: The dependencies ² 00 (log !¿¾). The values are normalized at ² 00 max-TOWARD THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS: DIELECTRIC ANALYSIS OF POROUS SILICON NANOCHANNELS IN THE ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER LENGTH RANGE
<p>Fig.3. The conductivity relaxation occurs at<br> lowing frequencies. The form of the ²<br> 00<br> (!) = f(²<br> 0<br> (!)) diagrams changes from<br> a vertical line (a), to any deformate semicircles (b, c, d) having the angle to<br> real axe below ¼<br> 2 , Fig.4. This behaviour denotes that the EDL is not an ideally<br> capacitor, but also is not a disipative region, depending both on the EDL<br> thickness and the frequency range of the applied ¯eld [7]. The composition<br> (by thickness) of the EDL determines essentially the dielectric response of the<br> interface system. Compared with experimental results, the dielectric pro¯le<br> of this higher length scales model, can provides a more complet description of<br> the solvent properties for a given electrode.</p>
Figure 2: The dependencies ² 0 (log !¿¾). The values are normalized at ² 0 max-TOWARD THE PHYSICAL BASIS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS: DIELECTRIC ANALYSIS OF POROUS SILICON NANOCHANNELS IN THE ELECTRICAL DOUBLE LAYER LENGTH RANGE
<p>The results of the model are shown that the frequency-dependences ²<br> 0<br> (log(!¿¾))<br> in Fig.2, ²<br> 00(log(!¿¾)) in Fig.3 and ²<br> 00<br> (²<br> 0<br> )T in Fig.4, where ²<br> 0<br> , ²<br> 00<br> are the real and<br> imaginary part, respectively, from (7), having the ¸D<br> ¸ ratio as parameter.</p>
Evolutionary potential under heat and drought stress at the southern range edge of North American Arabidopsis lyrata
<p>The warm edges of species' distributions are vulnerable to global warming. Evidence is the recent range retraction from there found in many species. It is unclear why populations cannot easily adapt to warmer, drier, or combined hot and dry conditions and locally persist. Here, we assessed the ability to adapt to these stressors in the temperate species <em>Arabidopsis lyrata</em>. We grew plants from replicate seed families of a central population with high genetic diversity under a temperature and precipitation regime typical of the low-latitude margin or under hotter and/or drier conditions within naturally occurring amplitudes. We then calculated genetic variance-covariance (G-) matrices of traits depicting growth and allocation as well as selection vectors to compare the predicted adaptation potential under the different climate-stress regimes. We found that the sum of genetic variances and genetic correlations were not significantly different under stress as compared to benign conditions. However, under drought and heat drought, the predicted ability to adapt was severely constrained due to strong selection and selection pointing in a direction with less multivariate genetic variation. The much-reduced ability to adapt to dry and hot-dry conditions is likely to reduce the persistence of populations at the low-latitude margin of the species' distribution and contribute to the local extinction of the species under further warming.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?
FIGURE 4. Site-specific data for lamina length and lamina width plotted for each taxon. 4A: Lamina length for Platanus neptuni. 4B: Lamina width for P. neptuni. 4C: Lamina length for Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. 4D: Lamina width for E. furcinervis. 4E: Lamina length for Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. 4F: Lamina width for D. cinnamomifolia. The boxes span the 50% interquartile. The horizontal lines within the boxes indicate the median values. The "whiskers" mark the highest and lowest values. Outliers located at a distance of up to 1.5 times the quartile span outside the whiskers are drawn as asterisks, and extreme outliers are drawn as circles. Different minuscule letters indicate statistically significant differences among sites. Colors indicate deposit type. Colors indicate deposit type. Green: fluviatile. Red: volcanic. Blue: marine. Lines delimit age groups. LE: Late Eocene. EO: Early Oligocene. LO: Late Oligocene. EM: Early Miocene. For site numbers and dating see Table 1.
FIGURE 1 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?
FIGURE 1. Map showing the locations of the considered sites, which are numbered according to Table 1.
FIGURE 3 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?
FIGURE 3. Site-specific data for lamina area and lamina perimeter plotted for each taxon. 3A: Lamina area for Platanus neptuni. 3B: Lamina perimeter for P. neptuni. 3C: Lamina area for Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. 3D: Lamina perimeter for E. furcinervis. 3E: Lamina area for Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. 3F: Lamina perimeter for D. cinnamomifolia. The boxes span the 50% interquartile. The horizontal lines within the boxes indicate the median values. The "whiskers" mark the highest and lowest values. Outliers located at a distance of up to 1.5 times the quartile span outside the whiskers are drawn as asterisks, and extreme outliers are drawn as circles. Different minuscule letters indicate statistically significant differences among sites. Colors indicate deposit type. Green: fluviatile. Red: volcanic. Blue: marine. Lines delimit age groups. LE: Late Eocene. EO: Early Oligocene. LO: Late Oligocene. EM: Early Miocene. For site numbers and dating see Table 1.
FIGURE 6 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?
FIGURE 6. Site-specific data for lamina centroid and leaf length-to-width ratio (LWR) plotted for each taxon. 6A: Lamina centroid for Platanus neptuni. 6B: LWR for P. neptuni. 6C: Lamina centroid for Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. 6D: LWR for E. furcinervis. 6E: Lamina centroid for Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. 6F: LWR for D. cinnamomifolia. The boxes span the 50% interquartile. The horizontal lines within the boxes indicate the median values. The "whiskers" mark the highest and lowest values. Outliers located at a distance of up to 1.5 times the quartile span outside the whiskers are drawn as asterisks, and extreme outliers are drawn as circles. Different minuscule letters indicate statistically significant differences among sites. Colors indicate deposit type. Colors indicate deposit type. Green: fluviatile. Red: volcanic. Blue: marine. Lines delimit age groups. LE: Late Eocene. EO: Early Oligocene. LO: Late Oligocene. EM: Early Miocene. For site numbers and dating see Table 1.
FIGURE 2 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?
FIGURE 2. Plasticity index (PI) of various leaf traits, for the considered sites and taxa. 2A: PI for lamina area. 2B: PI for lamina length. 2C: PI for lamina perimeter. 2D: PI for lamina width. 2E: PI for lamina circularity. 2F: PI for lamina centroid. Squares: Platanus neptuni. Circles: Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. Triangles: Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. Colors indicate deposit type. Green: fluviatile. Red: volcanic. Blue: marine. Lines delimit age groups. LE: Late Eocene. EO: Early Oligocene. LO: Late Oligocene. EM: Early Miocene. For site numbers and dating see Table 1.
FIGURE 5 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?
FIGURE 5. Site-specific data for lamina circularity and lamina roundness plotted for each taxon. 5A: Lamina circularity for Platanus neptuni. 5B: Lamina roundness for P. neptuni. 5C: Lamina circularity for Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. 5D: Lamina roundness for E. furcinervis. 5E: Lamina circularity for Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. 5F: Lamina roundness for D. cinnamomifolia. The boxes span the 50% interquartile. The horizontal lines within the boxes indicate the median values. The "whiskers" mark the highest and lowest values. Outliers located at a distance of up to 1.5 times the quartile span outside the whiskers are drawn as asterisks, and extreme outliers are drawn as circles. Different minuscule letters indicate statistically significant differences among sites. Colors indicate deposit type. Colors indicate deposit type. Green: fluviatile. Red: volcanic. Blue: marine. Lines delimit age groups. LE: Late Eocene. EO: Early Oligocene. LO: Late Oligocene. EM: Early Miocene. For site numbers and dating see Table 1.
FIGURE 7. Age-specific discriminant analysis using all morphometric parameters for all sites. 7A in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?
FIGURE 7. Age-specific discriminant analysis using all morphometric parameters for all sites. 7A: Eocene. 7B: Oligocene. Triangles: Platanus neptuni. Squares: Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. Circles: Daphnogene cinnamomifolia.
FIGURE 8 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?
FIGURE 8. Circularity plotted against LWR. Blue circles: Platanus neptuni. Red squares: Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. Yellow diamonds: Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. Black line: Relationship between circularity and length-towidth ratio of an ellipse. Please note that this relationship was calculated by using an approximate equation for the perimeter of an ellipse, which causes the slight deflection of the curve for high circularity values. As approximation, the following equation for the ellipse perimeter (EP) was used: EP = π* [2 * (a2 + b2)1/2].
FIGURE 8. Molfetta dinosaur tracks, photogrammetry derived 3D in The use of aerial and close-range photogrammetry in the study of dinosaur tracksites: Lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian/lower Albian) Molfetta ichnosite (Apulia, southern Italy)
FIGURE 8. Molfetta dinosaur tracks, photogrammetry derived 3D models and interpretations; 1-2, DEM and contour line map of a theropod footprint (contour lines have an interval of 0.2 cm); 4-5, DEM and contour line map of an ornitischian footprint; 3 and 6, interpretative outline drawings of the studied tracks.
FIGURE 7 in The use of aerial and close-range photogrammetry in the study of dinosaur tracksites: Lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian/lower Albian) Molfetta ichnosite (Apulia, southern Italy)
FIGURE 7. Orthophotomosaic of the Molfetta tracksite produced by the aerial survey performed with the hexacopter.
FIGURE 6 in The use of aerial and close-range photogrammetry in the study of dinosaur tracksites: Lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian/lower Albian) Molfetta ichnosite (Apulia, southern Italy)
FIGURE 6. Comparison of the products generated for the sector including the "L-shaped trace". 1, orthophoto raster map; 2, hillshade raster map; 3, slope raster map; 4, contour lines vector map.
FIGURE 4 in The use of aerial and close-range photogrammetry in the study of dinosaur tracksites: Lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian/lower Albian) Molfetta ichnosite (Apulia, southern Italy)
FIGURE 4. Comparison of the results obtained on a sample area. 1, orthophoto; 2, DEM; 3, slope raster map produced by the quadcopter at flight height of 30 m; 4, orthophoto; 5, DEM; 6, slope raster map produced by the quadcopter at a flight height of 10 m; 7, orthophoto; 8, DEM; 9, slope raster map produced by the hexacopter at a flight height of 15 m.
FIGURE 3 in The use of aerial and close-range photogrammetry in the study of dinosaur tracksites: Lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian/lower Albian) Molfetta ichnosite (Apulia, southern Italy)
FIGURE 3. The UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) used for aerial survey of the tracksite. 1, quadcopter SZ DJI Phantom 4; 2, hexacopter Tarot FY680 Pro.
FIGURE 5 in The use of aerial and close-range photogrammetry in the study of dinosaur tracksites: Lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian/lower Albian) Molfetta ichnosite (Apulia, southern Italy)
FIGURE 5. Comparison of the products generated for one of the most trampled sector. 1, orthophoto raster map; 2, hillshade raster map; 3, slope raster map; 4, contour lines vector map.
No evidence for the consistent effect of supplementary feeding on home range size in terrestrial mammals
<p>Food availability and distribution are key drivers of animal space use. Supplemental food provided by humans can be more abundant and predictable than natural resources. It is thus believed that supplementary feeding modifies the spatial behaviour of wildlife. Yet, such effects have not been tested quantitatively across species. Here, we analysed changes in home range size due to supplementary feeding in 23 species of terrestrial mammals using a meta-analysis of 28 studies. Additionally, we investigated the moderating effect of factors related to i) species biology (sex, body mass, taxonomic group), ii) feeding regimen (duration, amount, purpose), and iii) methods of data collection and analysis (source of data, estimator, spatial confinement). We found no consistent effect of supplementary feeding on changes in home range size. While an overall tendency of reduced home range was observed, moderators varied in the direction and strength of the trends. Our results suggest that multiple drivers and complex mechanisms of home range behaviour can make it insensitive to manipulation with supplementary feeding. The small number of available studies stands in contrast with the ubiquity and magnitude of supplementary feeding worldwide, highlighting a knowledge gap in our understanding of the effects of supplementary feeding on ranging behaviour.</p>
Figs 28–34 in Acrobasis khachella (Amsel, 1950): Little-known snout moth species and new data about its range and habitats (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae, Phycitinae)
Figs 28–34. Acrobasis khachella (Amsel, 1950),genitalia: 28–30 —male genitalia; 31–34 —female genitalia: 28 — Kazakhstan, Dzhungarsky Alatau Mts., Usek river valley; 29 — Kyrgyzstan, Moldo-Too Mts., near the Koro-Goo Pass; 30 — Tajikistan, Shakhdarinsky Mts., Vezdara river valley; 31 — Kazakhstan, Dzhungarsky Alatau Mts., Usek river valley; 32 — Kyrgyzstan, Fergansky Mts., southern shore of Toktogul reservoir near the settlement Imeni Chkalova; 33 — Kyrgyzstan, Moldo-Too Mts., near the Koro-Goo Pass; 34 — Tajikistan, Shakhdarinsky Mts., Vezdara river valley Рис. 28–34. Acrobasis khachella (Amsel, 1950), генитаΛии: 28–30 — генитаΛии самца; 31–34 — генитаΛии самки: 28 — Казахстан, хр. Δжунгарский АΛатау, ΑоΛина р. Усек; 29 — Киргизия, хр. МоΛΑо-Тоо, бΛиз пер. Коро-Гоо; 30 — ТаΑжикистан, ШахΑаринский хр., ΑоΛина р. ВезΑара; 31 — Казахстан, хр. Δжунгарский АΛатау, ΑоΛина р. Усек; 32 — Киргизия, Ферганский хр., южный берег ТоктогуΛьского вΑхр. бΛиз пос. имени ЧкаΛова; 33 — Киргизия, хр. МоΛΑо-Тоо, бΛиз пер. Коро-Гоо; 34 — ТаΑжикистан, ШахΑаринский хр., ΑоΛина р. ВезΑара
FIGURE 1 in The use of aerial and close-range photogrammetry in the study of dinosaur tracksites: Lower Cretaceous (upper Aptian/lower Albian) Molfetta ichnosite (Apulia, southern Italy)
FIGURE 1. Locality map showing the San Leonardo quarry tracksite, Apulia, southern Italy. Image obtained using Google Earth Pro.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.