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37 results for “Anoxia”
Data from: Experimental evolution of response to anoxia in Drosophila: recovery of locomotion following CO2 or N2 exposure
Many insects enter coma upon exposure to anoxia, a feature routinely exploited by experimentalists to handle them. But the genetic and physiological bases of anoxic coma induction and recovery are only partially understood, as are the long-term consequences for the animal's performance. We examined three populations of Drosophila melanogaster (designated B) that have been inadvertently under selection for rapid recovery from CO2 exposure for nearly 40 years (around 1,000 generations) resulting from routine maintenance practices. We contrasted CO2 and N2 (presumed a less reactive gas) knockdown and recovery times of these B flies with six populations of common ancestry (A and C populations) that were not exposed to CO2 over the same period. We found that B populations showed faster and more consistent locomotor recovery than A or C populations after CO2 knockdown, a result also observed with N2 knockdown. A and C populations showed much higher variance in recovery time after CO2 exposure than after N2 exposure, suggesting gas-specific effects on pathways associated with locomotor recovery. While these selection treatments result in considerable variation in life history attributes and body size, with the characteristic intermediacy of B populations, their superiority in resistance to gas exposure and locomotor recovery suggests that it is a direct consequence of prior repeated exposure to anoxia, broadly, and CO2, specifically. Hence we describe a powerful new evolutionary model for the genetic and physiological investigation of anoxic coma in insects.
Data from: Experimental evolution of response to anoxia in Drosophila: recovery of locomotion following CO2 or N2 exposure
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Anoxia hormesis in cactus moth
<p>As part of Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs, irradiation can effectively induce sterility in insects by damaging germline genomic DNA. However, irradiation also induces other off-target side effects that reduce the quality and performance of sterilized males, including the formation of damaging free radicals that can reduce sterile male performance. Thus, treatments that reduce off-target effects of irradiation on male performance while maintaining sterility can improve the feasibility and economy of SIT programs. We previously found that inducing a form of rapid, beneficial plasticity with a one-hour anoxic conditioning period (physiological conditioning hormesis) prior to and during irradiation improves <span><span>male field performance</span></span><span> in the laboratory while maintaining sterility in males of the cactus moth, </span><i><span>Cactoblastis cactorum</span></i><span>. Here we extend this work by testing the extent to which this beneficial plasticity may improve mal</span><span><span>e field pe</span></span><span>rformance in the field. Based on capture rates after a series of mark release-recapture experiments, we found that anoxia-conditioned irradiated moths were active in the field longer than their irradiated counterparts. In addition, anoxia-conditioned moths were captured in traps that were farther away from the release site than unconditioned moths, suggesting greater dispersal. These data confirmed that beneficial plasticity induced by anoxia hormesis prior to irradiation led to lower post-irradiation damage and increased performance in field conditions. </span><span>We re</span>commend greater consideration of beneficial plasticity responses in biological control programs, and specifically the implementation of anoxia-conditioning treatments applied prior to irradiation in area-wide integrated pest management programs that use SIT.</p>
Data from: Acute embryonic anoxia exposure favours the development of a dominant and aggressive phenotype in adult zebrafish
Eutrophication and climate change are increasing the incidence of severe hypoxia in fish nursery habitats, yet the programming effects of hypoxia on stress responsiveness in later life are poorly understood. In this study, to investigate whether early hypoxia alters the developmental trajectory of the stress response, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 4 h of anoxia at 36 h post-fertilization and reared to adults when the responses to secondary stressors were assessed. While embryonic anoxia did not affect basal cortisol levels or the cortisol response to hypoxia in later life, it had a marked effect on the responses to a social stressor. In dyadic social interactions, adults derived from embryonic anoxia initiated more chases, bit more often, entered fewer freezes and had lower cortisol levels. Adults derived from embryonic anoxia also performed more bites towards their mirror image, had lower gonadal aromatase gene expression and had higher testosterone levels. We conclude that acute embryonic anoxia has long-lasting consequences for the hormonal and behavioural responses to social interactions in zebrafish. Specifically, we demonstrate that acute embryonic anoxia favours the development of a dominant and aggressive phenotype, and that a disruption in sex steroid production may contribute to the programming effects of environmental hypoxia.
Data from: Behavioural responses of naked mole rats to acute hypoxia and anoxia
Naked mole rats (NMRs) are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals. Other species respond to hypoxia by either escaping the hypoxic environment or drastically decreasing behavioural activity and body temperature (Tb) to conserve energy. However, NMRs rarely leave their underground burrows, which are putatively hypoxic and thermally stable near the NMRs' preferred Tb. Therefore, we asked whether NMRs are able to employ behavioural and thermoregulatory strategies in response to hypoxia despite their need to remain active and the minimal thermal scope in their burrows. We exposed NMRs to progressively deeper levels of hypoxia (from 21 to 0% O2) while measuring their behaviour and Tb. Behavioural activity decreased 40–60% in hypoxia and Tb decreased slightly in moderate hypoxia (5–9%) and then further with deeper hypoxia (3% O2). However, even at 3% O2 NMRs remained somewhat active and warm, and continued to explore their environment. Remarkably, NMRs were active for greater than 90 s in acute anoxia and Tb and metabolic rate decreased rapidly. We conclude that NMRs are adapted to remain awake and functional even at the extremes of their hypoxia-tolerance. This adaptation likely reflects variable and challenging levels of environmental hypoxia in the natural habitat of this species.
Data from: Behavioural responses of naked mole rats to acute hypoxia and anoxia
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Data from: Mitochondrial responses to prolonged anoxia in brain of Red-eared slider turtles
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Data from: Acute embryonic anoxia exposure favours the development of a dominant and aggressive phenotype in adult zebrafish
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Data from: Effects of anoxia on ATP, water, ion and pH balance in an insect (Locusta migratoria)
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Anoxia hormesis in cactus moth
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The Heat-Inducible Transcription Factor HsfA2 Enhances Anoxia Tolerance in Arabidopsis
Anoxia induces several heat shock proteins and a heat pre-treatment can acclimatize Arabidopsis seedlings to a subsequent anoxic treatment. In this work we analyzed the response of Arabidopsis seedlings to anoxia heat and a combined heat+anoxia stress. A significant overlapping between the anoxic and heat shock responses has been observed by whole-genome microarray analysis. Overall design: We treated Arabidopsis seedling 4-days old dark germinated with: Control (23C dark liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Heat-treated (38C for 90 minutes dark liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Anoxia-treated (23C under anoxia for 6h dark liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Combined heat+Anoxia-treatment (23C treated at 38C for 90 min and thereafter under anoxia for 6h dark liquid Murashige-Skoog medium containing 30mM sucrose). Two biological replicates for each condition.
Construction of gene expression profiles for anoxia-reoxygenation in Arabidopsis
GEO Series GSE51767. Arabidopsis thaliana. 78 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Effects of anoxia and sucrose on seedling growth
GEO Series GSE2133. Arabidopsis thaliana. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Rhesus iPSC-CMs response to anoxia, comparing with human iPSC-CMs
GEO Series GSE108676. Macaca mulatta; Homo sapiens. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Neutrophil transcript abundance following 3/6 hr culture in normoxia, hypoxia and anoxia
GEO Series GSE968. Homo sapiens. 18 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Effects of heat, anoxia, and combined heat-anoxia treatments
GEO Series GSE16222. Arabidopsis thaliana. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Profiling transcriptional and translational response to anoxia or hypoxia of genes in DNA damage response and repair pathways in human fibroblast and prostate cancer cells using NanoString nCounter.
GEO Series GSE52461. Homo sapiens. 16 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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