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1,338 results for “Anthozoa”
Fig. 8 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus
Fig. 8. Heteropolypus roseus sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42495); sclerites from the autozooid pharynx, anthocodiae, and the colony body. A. Waisted plates. B. Rods. C. Anthocodiae capstans. D. Capitulum surface capstans. E. Stalk surface capstans. F. Needles. G. Ends of the same needle. Scale bars: A–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.02 mm.
Fig. 7 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus
Fig. 7. Heteropolypus roseus sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42495); sclerites from the autozooid tentacles. A. Waisted plates. B. Plates. C. Plates with diagonal keel. D. Asymmetrical plates. E. Club-like spindle. F. Clubs. G. Warty spindles. H. Capstans. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 6 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus
Fig. 6. Heteropolypus roseus sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42495), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. A. Whole specimen. B. Surface of the capitulum. C. Section of the capitulum; 1 = mesozooid. Scale bars: A = 10 mm; C = 1 mm.
Fig. 5 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus
Fig. 5. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., paratype (MIMB 42494); sclerites from the autozooid pharynx, anthocodiae, and the colony body. A. Waisted plates. B. Waisted rods. C. Anthocodiae capstans. D. Capitulum surface capstans. E. Stalk surface capstans. F. Needles. G. Ends of the same needle. Scale bars: A–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.02 mm.
Fig. 4 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus
Fig. 4. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., paratype (MIMB 42494); sclerites from the autozooid tentacles. A. Waisted plates. B. Plates. C. Flanged spindles. D. Warty spindles. E. Club-like spindle. F. Clubs. G. Capstans. H. Slender capstans. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 3 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus
Fig. 3. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42493); sclerites from the autozooid pharynx, anthocodiae, and colony body. A. Waisted plates. B. Waisted rods. C. Anthocodiae capstans. D. Capitulum surface capstans. E. Stalk surface capstans. F. Needles. G. Ends of the same needle. Scale bars: A–F = 0.1 mm; G = 0.02 mm.
Fig. 2 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus
Fig. 2. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 42493); sclerites from the autozooid tentacles. A. Waisted plates. B. Plates. C. Flanged spindles. D. Warty spindles. E. Club-like spindle. F. Clubs. G. Capstans. H. Slender capstans. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 1 in New species of deep-sea Heteropolypus soft corals (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (Northwest Pacific), with summary data on distinctive characters of the known species of the genus
Fig. 1. Heteropolypus annae sp. nov. A. Holotype (MIMB 42493), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. View from above. B. Holotype (MIMB 42493), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. View from below. C. One specimen, Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (MIMB 42496). D. One specimen, Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk (MIMB 42496). E. Paratype (MIMB 42494), Kurile Islands, Sea of Okhotsk. F. Holotype (MIMB 42493); section of the capitulum; 1 = autozooid, 2 = mesozooid. G. Holotype (MIMB 42493); surface of the capitulum; 1 = mesozooids. Scale bars: A–E = 10 mm; F–G = not to scale.
Supplementary data for: McFadden et al., Revisionary systematics of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) guided by phylogenomics
<p class="MsoNormal">The anthozoan sub-class Octocorallia includes over 3500 nominal species of soft corals and gorgonian sea fans, many of which serve as critical foundation species in benthic marine ecosystems in shallow waters to the deep sea. Despite their familarity and ecological importance, the diversity and taxonomy of octocorals remain poorly known. All of the orders, subordinal groups and a majority of families have been recognized to be poly- or paraphyletic, but poor resolution of the deeper nodes in mitochondrial or single-locus nuclear gene trees have hindered formal revision of the higher level taxonomy of the group. We used sequence data from target-capture of 739 ultraconserved and exon loci to reconstruct a fully resolved phylogeny for 185 octocoral taxa representing 55 of 63 currently recognized families. We use this phylogeny, supplemented with a gene tree for mitochondrial <em>mtMutS</em> for an additional 107 taxa, to guide a revision of the families and orders of Octocorallia. We: (1) elevate the anthozoan sub-classes Octocorallia and Hexacorallia to the rank of Class; (2) replace the three currently recognized orders of Octocorallia (Alcyonacea, Pennatulacea, Helioporacea) with two new orders reflecting reciprocally monophyletic major clades; and (3) revise all families with the exception of the 15 recognized families of sea pens, which we accommodate within a new superfamily. The revised classification of Octocorallia thus comprises 79 families, including 18 that are newly described and three that have been reinstated or elevated in rank. In addition, two new genera are described and another three reinstated. We leave the family assignment of 46 of 411 genera as <em>incertae sedis</em> until further molecular or morphological data can be obtained to confirm their phylogenetic affinities.</p>
Fig. 37 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 37. Maximum likelihood phylogeny (identical in topology to Bayesian inference phylogeny) of Kotatea gen. nov., Ushanaia gen. nov., and associated taxa based on combined, partitioned analysis of mtMutS and 28S. New species are identified by individual colours. The type species for Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758 – A. digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 – appears in bold. ML bootstrap support values are given above each branch and BI posterior probabilities below.
Fig. 36 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 36. Ushanaia solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133), SEMs of sclerites. A. Polyp mound. B. Lobe surface, proximal region (close proximity to substrate). C. Lobe surface, distal region. D. Interior.
Fig. 35 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 35. Ushanaia solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Tentacles. C. Polyp neck. D. Distal points.
Fig. 34 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 34. SEMs of sclerites from polyps (in situ). A. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311). B. U. solida gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 102133).
Fig. 32 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 32. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck.
Fig. 31 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 31. In situ photographs of Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov. A–B. Encrusting on black coral (uncollected specimen), Fiordland, photos by Richard Kinsey.C. Small colonies (uncollected specimens), Fiordland, photo by Ian Skipworth (ianskipworth.com). Scale bars = ~2 cm.
Fig. 30 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 30. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156313), SEMs of sclerites. A. Surface (of thick, fleshy areas of colony). B. Interior (of thick, fleshy areas of colony).
Fig. 28. Selected preserved specimens. A in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 28. Selected preserved specimens. A. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov. B. U. fervens gen. et sp. nov. C. U. solida gen. et sp. nov. Note that most specimen lots include additional fragments that are not depicted. * = holotype.
Fig. 27 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 27. Kotatea teorowai gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 27358), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Distal points. C. Tentacles. D. Polyp neck. E. Polyp mound. F. Lobe surface. G. Base surface. H. Lobe and base interior.
Fig. 29 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 29. Ushanaia ferruginea gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156313), SEMs of sclerites. A. Collaret and points. B. Tentacles. C. Polyp neck. D. Polyp mound. E. Polyps (in situ).
Fig. 33 in Dead man's fingers point to new taxa: two new genera of New Zealand soft corals (Anthozoa, Octocorallia) and a revision of Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833
Fig. 33. Ushanaia fervens gen. et sp. nov., holotype (NIWA 156311), SEMs of sclerites. A. Polyp mound. B. Surface (of thick, fleshy areas of colony). C. Interior (of thick, fleshy areas of colony).
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