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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2013View details →

Fig. 6 in Devonian antiarch placoderms from Belgium revisited

Fig. 6. Dermal plates of antiarch placoderm Asterolepis sp. 1, from Hingeon (Namur Province), Upper Givetian, Devonian. A. IRSNB P.1457, Pp, external view. B. IRSNB P.1456, Nu, external view. C. IRSNB P.1456 and 1457, Pp and Nu, external view. D. IRSNB P.1458, PMD, external and internal views; photograph (D 1), explanatory drawing (D 2). E. IRSNB P.1459b, AVL, external and internal views, counter-part of IRSNB P.1459a. F. IRSNB P.1459a, AVL, external and internal views; photograph (F ), explanatory drawing (F ). Drawings from Gross 1965. Scale bars 10 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2013View details →

Fig. 4 in Devonian antiarch placoderms from Belgium revisited

Fig. 4. Dermal plates of antiarch placoderm Bothriolepis sp., from Modave (Liège Province), Famennian, Devonian. A. UCL-P.V.L.10.646, AMD, external view. B. PALULG-2011.12.15.14, AMD, internal view. C. UCL-P.V.L.10.624, MxL, external view. D. PALULG-2011.12.15.16, AVL, internal view. E.?CV1, PALULG-2011.12.15.17, internal view. Scale bars 10 mm.

Fig. 6. Bothriolepis zadonica. A. Left submarginal plate, PIN 3725 in Crested antiarch Bothriolepis zadonica H.D. Obrucheva from the Lower Famennian of Central European Russia

Fig. 6. Bothriolepis zadonica. A. Left submarginal plate, PIN 3725/1185 in external (A1) and internal (A2) views. B. Left inferognathal plate, PIN 3725/1118, labial (B1) and lingual (B2) surfaces. Scale bar 1 cm.

Fig. 9 in Crested antiarch Bothriolepis zadonica H.D. Obrucheva from the Lower Famennian of Central European Russia

Fig. 9. Tentative restoration of Bothriolepis zadonica; caudal fin morphology from Bothriolepis gippslandiensis (based on Long and Werdelin 1986).

Fig. 7 in Crested antiarch Bothriolepis zadonica H.D. Obrucheva from the Lower Famennian of Central European Russia

Fig. 7. Tentative restoration of Bothriolepis zadonica H.Obr. trunk shield; based on the isolated specimens PIN AMD 1660/19, PMD 3725/63, ADL 3725/65, MxL 3725/63, AVL 3725/46, PVL 1660/9. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. C. Head and trunk shields in left lateral view. D. Cross section of the trunk shield at the suture between anterior and posterior median dorsal plates. Scale bar 10 cm.

Fig. 2 in Crested antiarch Bothriolepis zadonica H.D. Obrucheva from the Lower Famennian of Central European Russia

Fig. 2. Tentative restoration of Bothriolepis zadonica head shield; based on the isolated specimens PIN PrM 3725/100, PP 3725/1010, La 3725/1005, Nu 3725/1020PNu3725/87and3725/1094.Dorsal(A)andventral(B)viewsoftheflattenedheadshield. C.Posteriorviewofarchedheadshield.Scalebar5cm.

Fig. 1 in Crested antiarch Bothriolepis zadonica H.D. Obrucheva from the Lower Famennian of Central European Russia

Fig. 1. Zadonskian antiarch localities in the Central European Russia. Orel Region: 1, Lime Factory quarry; 2, Kazatskiy quarry; 3, Livny town; 4, Shilivovillage;5, Russkiy Brod town; 6, Russkiy Brod quarry; 7, Zyabrovo village. Tver Region: 8, Redkino village; 9, Nelidovo village.

Fig. 4 in Crested antiarch Bothriolepis zadonica H.D. Obrucheva from the Lower Famennian of Central European Russia

Fig. 4. Head shield plates of Bothriolepis zadonica. A. Left lateral, PIN 3725/1005 in dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views, × 1.15. B. Premedian, PIN 3725/100, dorsal view, × 1.1. C. Postpineal, PIN 3725/1010 in dorsal (C1) and ventral (C2) views, × 1.3. D. Left lateral, paranuchal and postmarginal in articulation, PIN 3725/1094, dorsal view, × 1.5. E. Nuchal, PIN 3725/1020, dorsal (E1) and ventral (E2) views, × 1. F. Premedian, PIN 3725/1132, ventral view, × 1.1. G. Right paranuchal, PIN 3725/87, dorsal view, × 1. Abbreviations: a1SM and a2SM, anterior and posterior attachment on lateral plate for submarginal plate; ap, poriferous area of premedian plate; aPrL, attachment on lateral plate for prelateral plate; cir, semicircular pit−line groove; cr.o, median occipital crest; cr.o2, additional occipital crest; cr.pm, paramarginal crest; cr.pto, postorbital crest; cr.tv, transverse nuchal crest of the head shield; csl, central sensory pit−line groove; flm, facial lamina; g, pair pits on postpineal plate; ifc1, upper infraorbital groove; La, lateral plate; mpg, middle pit−line groove; mppr, median process on the nuchal plate; mrc, median rostral corner of the premedian plate; nlm, nasal lamina; nm, obtected nuchal area; npp, postpineal notch of the nuchal plate; PMg, postmarginal plate; pnt, paranuchal articular trochlea; PNu, paranuchal plate; prh, preorbital recess of head shield; pr.po, anterolateral corners of otico−occipital depression; rd, median internal ridge on the premedian plate; ri, oblique premedian ridge; soc, anterior median pit−line groove; sot, rough supraotic thickening of nuchal plate; spg, spiracular groove; vcp, vertical pit−line groove.

Fig. 5 in Crested antiarch Bothriolepis zadonica H.D. Obrucheva from the Lower Famennian of Central European Russia

Fig. 5. Three nuchal plates of Bothriolepis zadonica. A. Juvenile, PIN 3725/23. B. Subadult, PIN 3725/24. C. Adult, PIN 3725/1020. Scale bars 1 cm.

Fig. 8 in Crested antiarch Bothriolepis zadonica H.D. Obrucheva from the Lower Famennian of Central European Russia

Fig. 8. Trunk shield plates of Bothriolepis zadonica. A. Anterior median dorsal, PIN 1660/18 in dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views, × 0.65. B. Posterior median dorsal, PIN 3725/63 in ventral (B1) and dorsal (B2) views, × 0.6. C. Posterior median dorsal, PIN 1660/10 in dorsal view, × 0.75. D. Posterior median dorsal,PIN3725/1115inleftlateralview, ×0.4. E. Rightanteriordorsolateral,PIN3725/65inexternalview, ×0.8. F. Rightmixilateral,PIN3725/68inexternal view, × 0.4. G. First mesial marginal plate of the right pectoral appendage, PIN 3725/1072 in external view, × 0.6. H. Second lateral marginal plate of the right pectoral appendage, PIN 3725/1016, × 1. I. First ventral central of the right pectoral appendage, PIN 3725/1011 in external view, × 0.65. J. Right posterior ventrolateral, PIN 1660/9 in external view, × 0.4. K. Distal segment of pectoral appendage, PIN 3725/1016, × 1.5

Fig. 3 in Crested antiarch Bothriolepis zadonica H.D. Obrucheva from the Lower Famennian of Central European Russia

Fig. 3. Five types of preorbital recess in bothriolepidids (A, B, D, and E from Young 1988). A. Simple, Bothriolepis askini Young. B. Pentagonal, B. portalensis Young. C. Trapezoid B. zadonica. D. Trilobite, B. barretti Young. E. Trifid, "B. nitida" (Leidy). Not to scale.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Dataset of antiarch placoderms (the most basal jawed vertebrates) throughout Middle Paleozoic

This dataset is derived from the DeepBone database (www.deepbone.org), which is constructed with the support of "Big Earth Data Science Engineering (CASEarth)" in the Strategic Priority Research Program. Because no automatic method could extract the paleontological data from literature reliably, we invited researchers and students to contribute data in their research fields. This dataset, which was extracted manually from 126 published papers or books from 1939 to 2021, consists of 64 genera and 6025 records, covering all antiarch lineages. We transferred the unstructured data from the literature to structured data for further research as detailed as possible. The 6025 records include 5867 fossil specimens that had been systematically described and documented, and 158 virtual specimens, which were introduced to describe the taxon information when no specimen was assigned for the referred records. Each record has at least one reference within our dataset. This is the most comprehensive dataset of Antiarcha up to now.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Feeding in the Devonian antiarch placoderm fishes: a study based upon morpho-functional analysis of jaws

Antiarch placoderm fishes were an abundant component of the Middle Paleozoic vertebrate assemblages. Despite a large number of known taxa and specimens, the morphology and function of the skeletal elements of their jaws is inadequately known. Because of this, questions regarding their feeding modes and their roles in the trophic webs remains open. We present a skeleto-muscular model of the antiarch jaw apparatus with an attempt to reconstruct its potential biomechanical function. The position of the upper jaw suborbital bones within the plane of the ventral side of the fish armor is suggested to represent the natural 'mouth closed' position. During mouth opening the suborbitals rotated rostrally with simultaneous depression and inward rotation of the infragnathals. The ball-and-socket jaw articulation might ensure this combined movement. Recently described lower jaw elements of Livnolepis zadonica (Obrucheva, 1983) and Bothriolepis sp. from the Upper Devonian (Lower Famennian) of Central Russia demonstrating very deep and porous blades of the oral division of the infragnathals attracted attention as to the structure of these bones in other antiarchs. Observed porosity reflects intense vascularization to supply blood to a connective tissue underlying a supposed keratinous sheath, which protected and strengthened the jaws, as well as made possible scraping tough food objects, such as thallus algae, from the substrate. Having evolved during the Silurian in the Pan-Cathaysian zoogeographical province, antiarchs migrated to Gondwana during the Emsian and later to Euramerica during the Eifelian. Supposedly, antiarchs became the first macrophytophagous vertebrates occupying the trophic level of primary consumers during the late Silurian – early Devonian. This event diversified the only previously existing predator-prey interrelationships between filter-feeding agnathans and predatory gnathostomes.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: Redescription of Phymolepis cuifengshanensis (Antiarcha: Yunnanolepididae) using high-resolution computed tomography and new insights into anatomical details of the endocranium in antiarchs

Background. Yunnanolepidoids constitute either the basal-most consecutive segments or the most primitive clade of antiarchs, a highly diversified jawed vertebrate group from the Silurian and Early Devonian periods. Although the general morphology of yunnanolepidoids is well established, their endocranial features remain largely unclear, thus hindering our further understanding of antiarch evolution, and early gnathostome evolution. Phymolepis cuifengshanensis, a yunnanolepidoid from the Early Devonian of southwestern China, is re-described in detail to reveal the information on endocranial anatomy and additional morphological data of head and trunk shields. Methods. We scanned the material of P. cuifengshanensis using high-resolution computed tomography and generated virtual restorations to show the internal morphology of its dermal shield. The dorsal aspect of endocranium in P. cuifengshanensis was therefore inferred. The phylogenetic analysis of antiarchs was conducted based on a revised and expanded dataset that incorporates ten new cranial characters. Results. The lateroventral fossa of trunk shield and Chang's apparatus are three-dimensionally restored in P. cuifengshanensis. The canal that is positioned just anterior to the internal cavity of Chang's apparatus, probably corresponds to the rostrocaudal canal of euantiarchs. The endocranial morphology of P. cuifengshanensis corroborates a general pattern for yunnanolepidoids with additional characters distinguishing them from sinolepids and euantiarchs, such as a developed cranio-spinal process, an elongated endolymphatic duct, and a long occipital portion. Discussion. In light of new data from Phymolepis and Yunnanolepis, we summarized the morphology on the visceral surface of head shield in antiarchs, and formulated additional ten characters for the phylogenetic analysis. These cranial characters exhibit a high degree of morphological disparity between major subgroups of antiarchs, and highlight the endocranial character evolution in antiarchs.

publicMay 2022View details →

Feeding in the Devonian antiarch placoderm fishes: a study based upon morpho-functional analysis of jaws

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publicMay 2019View details →

Data from: Redescription of Phymolepis cuifengshanensis (Antiarcha: Yunnanolepididae) using high-resolution computed tomography and new insights into anatomical details of the endocranium in antiarchs

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FIG. 8. — Asterolepis alticristata n in Asterolepis alticristata n. sp. (Antiarchi) from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) of Nunavut, Canada, and a report on the antiarch diversity of the Fram Formation

FIG. 8. — Asterolepis alticristata n. sp. outlines of midline crests of anterior median dorsal plates in left lateral view. Each crest is scaled to a common height and ordered according to actual height in order to highlight the shape variation. Each is depicted with the visceral surface as close to horizontal as possible. A, NUFV 1274; B, NUFV 834; C, NUFV 828; D, NUFV 850; E, NUFV 854; F, NUFV 886; G, NUFV 867; H, NUFV 877; I, NUFV 835; J, NUFV 889; K, NUFV 856; L, NUFV 872; M, NUFV 897 (holotype). Scale bars: 2 cm.

FIG. 4. — Asterolepis alticristata n in Asterolepis alticristata n. sp. (Antiarchi) from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) of Nunavut, Canada, and a report on the antiarch diversity of the Fram Formation

FIG. 4. — Asterolepis alticristata n. sp., NUFV 898, posterior median dorsal plate in dermal (A), visceral (B), and cranial (C) views. Abbreviations: cv.AMD, area overlapping the anterior median dorsal plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; v.p, visceral pit. Scale bar: 2 cm.

FIG. 1. — A in Asterolepis alticristata n. sp. (Antiarchi) from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) of Nunavut, Canada, and a report on the antiarch diversity of the Fram Formation

FIG. 1. — A, Map of Ellesmere Island; B, map of southwestern Ellesmere Island (rectangular inset of A) showing the locations of the field sites that have produced antiarch material; C, stratigraphy of the Okse Bay Group; D, stratigraphy of the Fram Formation type section.

FIG. 3. — Asterolepis alticristata n in Asterolepis alticristata n. sp. (Antiarchi) from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) of Nunavut, Canada, and a report on the antiarch diversity of the Fram Formation

FIG. 3. — Asterolepis alticristata n. sp.: A-C, NUFV 1265, nuchal plate in dermal (A, photograph; A', labeled illustration), visceral (B, photograph; B', labeled illustration), and caudal (C) views; D-F, NUFV 813, premedian plate in dermal (D), visceral (E), and caudal (F) views; G-I, NUFV 812, premedian plate in dermal (G), visceral (H), and caudal (I) views. Abbreviations: cpl, central pit-line line groove; cv.L, area overlapping the lateral plate; cv.Pn, area overlapping the paranuchal plate; d.end, endolymphatic duct; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital pit-line groove; ml.p, midline process; mo.c, median occipital crista; nm, obtected area; pr.p, prerostral process; ps.f, parasagittal foramina; sop, supraoccipital pit; sot, supraotic thickening. Scale bar: 2 cm.