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30 results for “Appendicular skeleton”
Data from: Morphological integration in the appendicular skeleton of two domestic taxa: the horse and donkey
Organisms are organized into suites of anatomical structures that typically covary when developmentally or functionally related, and this morphological integration plays a determinant role in evolutionary processes. Artificial selection on domestic species causes strong morphological changes over short time spans, frequently resulting in a wide and exaggerated phenotypic diversity. This raises the question of whether integration constrains the morphological diversification of domestic species and how natural and artificial selection may impact integration patterns. Here, we study the morphological integration in the appendicular skeleton of domestic horses and donkeys, using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics on 75 skeletons. Our results indicate that a strong integration is inherited from developmental mechanisms which interact with functional factors. This strong integration reveals a specialization in the locomotion of domestic equids, partly for running abilities. We show that the integration is stronger in horses than in donkeys, probably because of a greater degree of specialization and predictability of their locomotion. Thus, the constraints imposed by integration are weak enough to allow important morphological changes and the phenotypic diversification of domestic species.
Figure 4 in Long-bone geometry in columnar-limbed animals: allometry of the proboscidean appendicular skeleton
Figure 4. Branch-length standardizations for the total sample of proboscideans. A, humerus (log transformed branch lengths, r = 0.025); B, ulna (cube root transformed branch lengths, r = 0.010); C, femur (Pagel's arbitrary transformation method, r = 0.052); D, tibia (square root transformed branch lengths, r = 0.028).
Figure 1. – Labeo parvus caudal fin structures. A in Postembryonic development of appendicular and axial skeletons in Labeo parvus (Cyprinidae)
Figure 1. – Labeo parvus caudal fin structures. A: 14-day-old fry coloured with Alcian blue; B: 19-day-old fry coloured with Alizarin Red S. CP = preural centrum; EP = epural; H = hypural; HS = haemal spine; LEP = lepidotrichia; NO = notochord; NS = neural spine; PH = parhypural; URO = uroneural. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 3 in Postembryonic development of appendicular and axial skeletons in Labeo parvus (Cyprinidae)
Figure 3. – Development of the dorsal and anal fin skeleton of Labeo parvus. Cartilaginous skeleton on the left, osseous skeleton on the right coloured with Alcian blue and Alizarin Red S, respectively. A, C: 14 days post-hatching (dph); B, D: 29 dph. DP: distal pterygiophore; PP: proximal pterygiophore. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Postembryonic development of appendicular and axial skeletons in Labeo parvus (Cyprinidae)
Figure 2. – Development of the caudal skeleton in Labeo parvus. Cartilaginous skeleton on the left column and osseous skeleton on the right column coloured with Alcian blue and Alizarin Red S, respectively. A: 6 days post-hatching (dph); B: 8 dph; C: 10 dph; D: 14 dph; E: 19 dph; F: 24 dph; G: 29 dph. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Data from: Comparable disparity in the appendicular skeleton across the fish-tetrapod transition, and the morphological gap between fish and tetrapod postcrania
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Data from: Morphological integration in the appendicular skeleton of two domestic taxa: the horse and donkey
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Data from: Patterns of morphological integration in the appendicular skeleton of mammalian carnivores
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Bisphosphonate Action on the Appendicular Skeleton: Evidence for Differential Effects
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00666627. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effects of Spaceflight on Bone Microarchitecture in the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton in Growing Ovariectomized Rats from STS-62
This study investigated the effects of a 14-day spaceflight on bone mass, density and microarchitecture in weight bearing (femur and humerus) and non-weight bearing (2nd) lumbar vertebra and calvarium) bones in the context of ovarian hormone insufficiency. 12-week-old Fisher 344 rats were ovariectomized 2 weeks before flight and randomized into one of three groups: 1) baseline (n equals 6), 2) ground control (n equals 12) or 3) spaceflight (n equals 12). Additional ground-based ovary-intact rats provided age-matched reference values at baseline (n equals 8) and landing (n equals 10). Ovariectomy resulted in bone- and bone compartment-specific deficits in cancellous bone volume fraction. Spaceflight resulted in lower cortical bone accrual in the femur but had no effect on cortical bone in the humerus or calvarium. Cancellous bone volume fraction was lower in flight animals compared to ground control animals in lumbar vertebra and distal femur metaphysis and epiphysis; significant differences were not detected in the distal humerus. Bone loss (compared to baseline controls) in the femur metaphysis was associated with lower trabecular number, whereas trabecular thickness and number were lower in the epiphysis. This dataset is only for the ovariectomized animals. In summary, the effect of spaceflight on bone microarchitecture in ovariectomized rats was bone-and bone compartment-specific but not strictly related to weight bearing. This dataset derives results from the micro–computed tomography (mCT) assay.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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