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29 results for “Boreal peatlands”
Rove beetle (Staphylinidae) assemblages following the cumulative effect of wildfire and linear footprint in Boreal treed peatlands of northeastern Alberta (Canada)
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Data for: Drainage reduces the resilience of a boreal peatland
<p><span>Drier conditions caused by drainage for infrastructure development, or associated with global climate warming, may test the resilience of carbon-rich northern peatlands. Feedbacks among biological and hydrological processes maintain the long-term stability of peatlands, but if hydrological thresholds are passed, these feedbacks may be weakened, causing a shift in ecosystem state and potentially large losses of carbon (C). To determine peatland response to hydrological change, we examined the structure (vegetation composition and hydrology) and biogeochemical function (carbon dioxide exchange) of a pristine bog and a bog subject to ~7 years localised drainage (caused by regional groundwater drawdown due to mine dewatering) in the Hudson Bay Lowland, Canada. Water tables at the drained bog were ~1 m below the hummock surface at the time of study compared to ~0.3 m at the pristine bog. For hummocks and intermediate microforms at the drained bog, plant production was significantly less than at the pristine bog, most likely due to small changes in vegetation structure (reduced </span><i><span>Sphagnum</span></i><span> cover and smaller shrub leaf:stem ratios) caused by deeper water tables and significantly reduced moisture content of surface peat. Despite these changes in vegetation and hydrology, net ecosystem production (NEP) remained positive (C sink) for these microforms at the drained bog. Dry pools with mostly bare peat at the drained bog had negative NEP (C source to atmosphere), in stark contrast to </span><i><span>Sphagnum-</span></i><span> and sedge-dominated pools at the pristine bog with small but positive NEP. Our study shows that dry pools now occupy an unstable state, but the hydrological thresholds for a shift in ecosystem state have not yet been reached for hummocks and intermediate microforms at the drained bog. However, weak or no relationships between water table depth, peat surface moisture content, and plant production for these microforms at the drained bog, suggest that drainage has weakened the hydrological feedbacks regulating peat production, causing peat accumulation to slow. If drier conditions prevail, this reduced resilience increases the potential for a shift in ecosystem state and raises the risk of large C loss due to continued decomposition of deeper peat in oxic conditions, and wildfire.</span><b><span> </span></b></p>
Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition
<p>Boreal peatlands are frequently underlain by permafrost, which is thawing rapidly. A common ecological response to thaw is the conversion of raised forested plateaus to treeless wetlands, but unexplained spatial variation in responses, combined with a lack of stand-level data, make it difficult to predict future trajectories of boreal forest composition and structure. We sought to characterize patterns and identify drivers of forest structure, composition, mortality, and recruitment in a boreal peatland experiencing permafrost thaw. To do this, we established a large (10 ha) permanent forest plot (completed in 2014), located in the Northwest Territories, Canada, that includes 40,584 mapped and measured trees. In 2018, we conducted a comprehensive mortality and recruitment recensus. We also measured frost table depth, soil moisture, soil humification, and organic layer thickness within the plot between 2012 and 2018, and used habitat association tests to link these variables to forest characteristics and dynamics. Forest composition and structure varied markedly throughout the plot and were strongly governed by patterns in permafrost presence and organic layer thickness. Overall, there was a net loss of trees from the plot at a rate of 0.7% yr-1. Mortality of black spruce, the dominant tree species, was more than double that of recruitment and was strongly associated with permafrost thaw. In contrast, recruitment of larch was over four times greater than mortality, and occurred primarily in low-lying, permafrost-free wetlands with mineral soil near the surface. The trends in tree demography and underlying drivers suggest that spruce-dominated permafrost plateaus will be converted into larch-dominated wetlands as permafrost thaw progresses in boreal peatlands, particularly in areas where mineral soil is near the surface. In the longer term, thaw could increase the hydrologic connectivity of the landscape, resulting in widespread drainage and re-vegetation by spruce, but we did not find evidence that this is occurring yet. Given the increasing rates of permafrost thaw, and positive feedbacks between thaw and forest change, we predict that larch abundance will continue to increase in boreal peatlands over the coming decades, leading to shifts in ecosystem function, wildlife habitat, albedo, and snow dynamics.</p>
Hydrometeorological dataset of West Siberian boreal peatland: a 10-year records from the Mukhrino field station.
<p>Northern peatlands represent one of the largest carbon pools in the biosphere the carbon they store are increasingly vulnerable to perturbations from climate and land-use change. Meteorological observations directly at peatland areas in Siberia are unique and rare, while peatlands characterized by a specific local climate. This paper presents a hydrological and meteorological dataset collected at the Mukhrino peatland, Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Russia over the period of 08 May 2010 to 31 December 2019. Hydrometeorological data collected from stations located at the small pine-shrub-Sphagnum ridge and Scheuchzeria-Sphagnum hollow at the ridge–hollow complexes of ombrotrophic peatland. Monitored meteorological variables include air temperature, air humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, incoming and reflected photosynthetically active radiation, net radiation, soil heat flux, precipitation (rain), and snow depth. The gap-filling procedure based on the gaussian process regression model with exponential kernel was developed to obtain a continuous time series. For the record from 2010 to 2019, the average mean annual air temperature site was −1.0 ◦C, with a mean monthly temperature of the warmest month (July) recorded as 17.4 ◦C and for the coldest month (January) −21.5 ◦C. The average net radiation was about 35.0 W m<sup>-2</sup>, the soil heat flux was 2.4 and 1.2 W m<sup>-2</sup> for the hollow and the ridge sites, respectively.</p> <p>DATASETS:</p> <p><strong>meteo_MFC_raw.dat</strong> - Raw data collected from the automated weather station at the Mukhrino field station (Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Russia). Note: The time step differs during measured period 01.01.2010 – 15.07.2012: 15 minutes; 15.07.2012 – 20.06.2014: 1 hour; 20.06.2014 – 31.12.2020: 30 minutes.</p> <p><strong>meteo_MFC_qq_1h.dat</strong> – Quality controlled data collected from the automated weather station at the Mukhrino field station (Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Russia). The time step is 60 minutes. The missing data denoted by “NA”.</p> <p><strong>meteo_MFC_gapfilled_1h.dat</strong> – Quality controlled and gap-filled hydrometeorological data for the Mukhrino field station (Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug – Yugra, Russia). The time step is 60 minutes. The missing data denoted by “NA”.</p> <p><strong>meteo_MFC_raw.dat parameters:</strong></p> <p>1. date - Date and time ( DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm:ss ).</p> <p>2. ta_H - Air temperature at 2 m, hollow ( oC ).</p> <p>3. ta_R - Air temperature at 2 m, ridge ( oC ).</p> <p>4. rh_H - Relative air humidity at 2 m, hollow ( % ).</p> <p>5. rh_R - Relative air humidity at 2 m, ridge ( % ).</p> <p>6. vp_H - Water vapor pressure at 2 m, hollow ( kPa ).</p> <p>7. vp_R - Water vapor pressure at 2 m, ridge ( kPa ).</p> <p>8. ws_10m - Wind speed at 10 m ( m s-1 ).</p> <p>9. wd_10m - Wind direction at 10 m ( deg ).</p> <p>10. ws_2m - Wind speed at 2 m ( m s-1 ).</p> <p>11. wd_2m - Wind direction at 2 m ( deg ).</p> <p>12. stdwd_10m - Standard deviation of wind direction at 10 m for the period of measurement ( m s-1 ).</p> <p>13. stdwd_2m - Standard deviation of wind direction at 2 m for the period of measurement ( m s-1 ).</p> <p>14. ipar_H - Incoming PAR, hollow ( µmol m-2 s-1 ).</p> <p>15. ipar_R - Incoming PAR, ridge ( µmol m-2 s-1 ).</p> <p>16. rpar_H - Reflected PAR, hollow ( µmol m-2 s-1 ).</p> <p>17. rpar_R - Reflected PAR, ridge ( µmol m-2 s-1 ).</p> <p>18. nr_H - Net radiation balance, hollow ( Uncalibrated ).</p> <p>19. nr_R - Net radiation balance, ridge ( Uncalibrated ).</p> <p>20. shf_H - Soil heat flux, hollow ( Uncalibrated ).</p> <p>21. shf_R1 - Soil heat flux, ridge, site 1 ( Uncalibrated ).</p> <p>22. shf_R2 - Soil heat flux, ridge, site 2 ( Uncalibrated ).</p> <p>23. ts_2cm_R1 - Soil temperature at 2 cm, ridge, site 1 ( oC ).</p> <p>24. ts_5cm_R1 - Soil temperature at 5 cm, ridge, site 1 ( oC ).</p> <p>25. ts_10cm_R1 - Soil temperature at 10 cm, ridge, site 1 ( oC ).</p> <p>26. ts_20cm_R1 - Soil temperature at 20 cm, ridge, site 1 ( oC ).</p> <p>27. ts_50cm_R1 - Soil temperature at 50 cm, ridge, site 1 ( oC ).</p> <p>28. ts_2cm_R2 - Soil temperature at 2 cm, ridge, site 2 ( oC ).</p> <p>29. ts_5cm_R2 - Soil temperature at 5 cm, ridge, site 2 ( oC ).</p> <p>30. ts_10cm_R2 - Soil temperature at 20 cm, ridge, site 2 ( oC ).</p> <p>31. ts_20cm_R2 - Soil temperature at 20 cm, ridge, site 2 ( oC ).</p> <p>32. ts_50cm_R2 - Soil temperature at 50 cm, ridge, site 2 ( oC ).</p> <p>33. ts_2cm_H1 - Soil temperature at 2 cm, hollow, site 1 ( oC ).</p> <p>34. ts_5cm_H1 - Soil temperature at 5 cm, hollow, site 1 ( oC ).</p> <p>35. ts_10cm_H1 - Soil temperature at 10 cm, hollow, site 1 ( oC ).</p> <p>36. ts_20cm_H1 - Soil temperature at 20 cm, hollow, site 1 ( oC ).</p> <p>37. ts_50cm_H1 - Soil temperature at 50 cm, hollow, site 1 ( oC ).</p> <p>38. ts_2cm_H2 - Soil temperature at 2 cm, hollow, site 2 ( oC ).</p> <p>39. ts_5cm_H2 - Soil temperature at 5 cm, hollow, site 2 ( oC ).</p> <p>40. ts_10cm_H2 - Soil temperature at 20 cm, hollow, site 2 ( oC ).</p> <p>41. ts_20cm_H2 - Soil temperature at 20 cm, hollow, site 2 ( oC ).</p> <p>42. ts_50cm_H2 - Soil temperature at 50 cm, hollow, site 2 ( oC ).</p> <p>43. T_cont - Temperature at data logger ( oC ).</p> <p>44. batt_1 - Battery output voltage at data logger 1 ( V ).</p> <p>45. batt_2 - Battery output voltage at data logger 2 ( V ).</p> <p>46. batt_2 - Battery output voltage at data logger 3 ( V ).</p> <p><strong>meteo_MFC_qq_1h.dat</strong> <strong>and meteo_MFC_gapfilled_1h.dat</strong> <strong>parameters:</strong></p> <p>1. date - Date and time ( DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm:ss ).</p> <p>2. ta_H - Air temperature at 2 m, hollow ( oC ).</p> <p>3. ta_R - Air temperature at 2 m, ridge ( oC ).</p> <p>4. vp_H - Water vapor pressure at 2 m, hollow ( kPa ).</p> <p>5. vp_R - Water vapor pressure at 2 m, ridge ( kPa ).</p> <p>6. ipar_H - Incoming PAR, hollow ( µmol m-2 s-1 ).</p> <p>7. ipar_R - Incoming PAR, ridge ( µmol m-2 s-1 ).</p> <p>8. rpar_H - Reflected PAR, hollow ( µmol m-2 s-1 ).</p> <p>9. rpar_R - Reflected PAR, ridge ( µmol m-2 s-1 ).</p> <p>10. alb_H - Albedo PAR, hollow ( [] ).</p> <p>11. alb_R - Albego PAR, ridge ( [] ).</p> <p>12. nr_H - Net radiation balance, hollow ( W m-2 ).</p> <p>13. nr_R - Net radiation balance, ridge ( W m-2 ).</p> <p>14. shf_H - Soil heat flux, hollow ( W m-2 ).</p> <p>15. shf_R1 - Soil heat flux, ridge, site 1 ( W m-2 ).</p> <p>16. shf_R2 - Soil heat flux, ridge, site 2 ( W m-2 ).</p> <p>17. ws_10m - Wind speed at 10 m ( m s-1 ).</p> <p>18. wd_10m - Wind direction at 10 m ( deg ).</p> <p>19. ws_2m - Wind speed at 2 m ( m s-1 ).</p> <p>20. wd_2m - Wind direction at 2 m ( deg ).</p> <p>21. wU_10m - U component of wind at 10 m ( m s-1 ).</p> <p>22. wV_10m - V component of wind at 10 m ( m s-1 ).</p> <p>23. wU_2m - U component of wind at 2 m ( m s-1 ).</p> <p>24. wV_2m - V component of wind at 2 m ( m s-1 ).</p> <p>25. prs - Atmospheric pressure ( hPa ).</p> <p>26. sdp - Snow depth ( cm ).</p> <p>27. prc - Liquid precipitations ( mm ).</p>
Permafrost thaw in boreal peatlands is rapidly altering forest community composition
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Data from: Positive shrub-tree interactions facilitate woody encroachment in boreal peatlands
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Data for: Drainage reduces the resilience of a boreal peatland
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Green leaf phenological characteristics of boreal peatland vegetation impacted by linear disturbances
<p class="Abstract">Vast areas of boreal peatlands are impacted by linear disturbances known as seismic lines. Tree removal and ground disturbance alter vegetation communities and are expected to change ecosystem functioning. As boreal landscapes continue to be disturbed by linear disturbances, understanding the magnitude and mechanisms of vegetation and phenology changes is the first step toward predicting carbon cycling changes across broad spatial scales. We investigate seismic line disturbances on peatland plant community composition and phenological patterns using readily available digital photography at a bog and a fen in Alberta, Canada. Our objectives were to: 1) compare the understory peatland vegetation on seismic lines with those in adjacent undisturbed areas using two phenological metrics (green and red chromatic coordinates); 2) evaluate if vegetation greenness is directly related to vegetation community composition, and 3) determine whether plot-scale greenness predicts plant productivity. We found that areas of peatlands intersected by seismic lines have an earlier seasonal peak (maximum greenness) compared to undisturbed areas, and vegetation communities had a stronger relationship to greenness and gross primary production (GPP) at disturbed areas relative to undisturbed areas. This change in understory vegetation results in greater CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in disturbed areas. We demonstrate an easy-to-use application of digital photography that successfully quantifies phenological changes in boreal peatland vegetation. This non-destructive method for understanding vegetation phenology eliminated the need for fixed infrastructure and allowed us to expand our sampling capacity and study sites while allowing for repeated measures in the future.</p>
Green leaf phenological characteristics of boreal peatland vegetation impacted by linear disturbances
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