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82 results for “Caryophyllales”
concatenated_alignment_4378bases Description of three widespread new Peronospora species parasitising Caryophyllales
<p>concatenated_alignment_4378bases in Description of three widespread new Peronospora species parasitising Caryophyllales</p>
Fig. 4 in A study of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in its native range: further insights into life cycle, larval identification, developmental parameters, natural enemies, and damage to the host plant Opuntia ficus-indica (Caryophyllales: Cactaceae)
Fig. 4. Number of eggs across months for all sampling sites from Tucumán.
Image 2 in Aizoaceae (Magnoliopsida: Caryophyllales) - a new family record to the flora of Andaman Islands, India
Image 2. Herbarium image of Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. (Aizoaceae)
Image 1 in Aizoaceae (Magnoliopsida: Caryophyllales) - a new family record to the flora of Andaman Islands, India
Image 1. Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L. (Aizoaceae)
Data from: Targeted enrichment of large gene families for phylogenetic inference: phylogeny and molecular evolution of photosynthesis genes in the Portullugo clade (Caryophyllales)
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Data from: Improved transcriptome sampling pinpoints 26 ancient and more recent polyploidy events in Caryophyllales, including two allopolyploidy events
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Seed shape in the Caryophyllales-Cardioid
<p>A summary of seed shape in the Caryophyllales with interest in the species whose seeds have cardioid-shape.</p>
Data from: Keeping an eye on coloration: ecological correlates of the evolution of pitcher traits in the genus Nepenthes (Caryophyllales)
Nepenthes is a genus of carnivorous pitcher plants with high intra- and interspecific morphological diversity. Many species produce dimorphic pitchers, and the relative production rate of the two morphs varies interspecifically. Despite their likely ecological importance to the plants, little is known about the selective context under which various pitcher traits have evolved. This is especially true of color-related traits, which have not been examined in a phylogenetic context. Using field observations of one polymorphic species (N. gracilis) and phylogenetic comparative analysis of 85 species across the genus, we investigate correlations between color polymorphism and ecological factors including altitude, light environment, and herbivory. In N. gracilis, color does not correlate to amount of prey-capture, but red pitchers experience less herbivory. Throughout the genus, color polymorphism with redder lower pitchers appears to be evolutionarily favored. We found a lack of phylogenetic signal for most traits, either suggesting that most traits are labile or reflecting the uncertainty regarding the underlying tree topology. This work highlights ecological correlates of the vast phenotypic diversity of this group of tropical plants. We point to a need for future work examining herbivores of Nepenthes and experimental investigations on color polymorphism.
Data from: Dissecting molecular evolution in the highly diverse plant clade Caryophyllales using transcriptome sequencing
Many phylogenomic studies based on transcriptomes have been limited to "single-copy" genes due to methodological challenges in homology and orthology inferences. Only a relatively small number of studies have explored analyses beyond reconstructing species relationships. We sampled 69 transcriptomes in the hyperdiverse plant clade Caryophyllales and 27 outgroups from annotated genomes across eudicots. Using a combined similarity- and phylogenetic tree-based approach, we recovered 10,960 homolog groups, where each was represented by at least eight ingroup taxa. By decomposing these homolog trees, and taking gene duplications into account, we obtained 17,273 ortholog groups, where each was represented by at least ten ingroup taxa. We reconstructed the species phylogeny using a 1,122-gene data set with a gene occupancy of 92.1%. From the homolog trees, we found that both synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates in herbaceous lineages are up to three times as fast as in their woody relatives. This is the first time such a pattern has been shown across thousands of nuclear genes with dense taxon sampling. We also pinpointed regions of the Caryophyllales tree that were characterized by relatively high frequencies of gene duplication, including three previously unrecognized whole-genome duplications. By further combining information from homolog tree topology and synonymous distance between paralog pairs, phylogenetic locations for 13 putative genome duplication events were identified. Genes that experienced the greatest gene family expansion were concentrated among those involved in signal transduction and oxidoreduction, including a cytochrome P450 gene that encodes a key enzyme in the betalain synthesis pathway. Our approach demonstrates a new approach for functional phylogenomic analysis in nonmodel species that is based on homolog groups in addition to inferred ortholog groups.
Data from: Phylogeny and generic delimitation in Molluginaceae, new pigment data in Caryophyllales, and the new family Corbichoniaceae
The circumscription of Molluginaceae has changed radically in recent years, with Corbichonia being moved to Lophiocarpaceae, Limeum to Limeaceae, Macarthuria to Macarthuriaceae and all species of Hypertelis, except the type, to Kewa in Kewaceae. In a broad analysis of core Caryophyllales using plastid trnK-matK and rbcL sequences, the position of Molluginaceae in a strict sense as sister to the Portulacineae clade is corroborated, as are the positions of Corbichonia, Limeum and Kewa outside the family. The phylogeny of Molluginaceae is reconstructed based on trnK-matK and nuclear ITS sequences of about half of the currently recognized species in the family and with representatives from all recognized genera. Mollugo is found to be polyphyletic and a new taxonomy for the family with 11 genera is proposed. Mollugo in its new restricted sense is a mainly American genus of about 15 species, including M. ulei comb. nov., previously placed in the monotypic Glischrothamnus. The Australian and Asian genus Trigastrotheca is resurrected for T. molluginea, T. pentaphylla comb. nov. and T. stricta comb. nov. The name Paramollugo nom. nov. is proposed for the Mollugo nudicaulis group and the combinations P. angustifolia comb. nov., P. cuneifolia comb. nov., P. decandra comb. nov., P. deltoidea comb. nov., P. navassensis comb. nov. and P. nudicaulis comb. nov. are made. Hypertelis is expanded to include, besides the type H. spergulacea, also H. cerviana comb. nov., H. fragilis comb. nov., H. umbellata comb. nov. and H. walteri comb. nov. In Pharnaceum, the new combination P. namaquense comb. nov. is made, Hypertelis longifolia is treated as a synonym of P. lineare and Mollugo tenella as a synonym of P. subtile. Corbichonia is proposed to be treated as a family of its own, Corbichoniaceae fam. nov. Several names are lectotypified, including the Linnaean Mollugo pentaphylla and M. stricta. An anthocyanin is reported for the first time from Simmondsiaceae. The detection of anthocyanins in members of Kewaceae and Molluginaceae agree with previous reports and corroborate the view that these families represent reversals from betalains to anthocyanins. The report of an anthocyanin in Limeaceae, previously regarded as unpigmented, apparently represents a newly detected reversal from betalains to anthocyanins in this family.
Data from: Widespread paleopolyploidy, gene tree conflict, and recalcitrant relationships among the carnivorous Caryophyllales
PREMISE OF STUDY: The carnivorous members of the large, hyperdiverse Caryophyllales (e.g., Venus flytrap, sundews, and Nepenthes pitcher plants) represent perhaps the oldest and most diverse lineage of carnivorous plants. However, despite numerous studies seeking to elucidate their evolutionary relationships, the early-diverging relationships remain unresolved. METHODS: To explore the utility of phylogenomic data sets for resolving relationships among the carnivorous Caryophyllales, we sequenced 10 transcriptomes, including all the carnivorous genera except those in the rare West African liana family Dioncophyllaceae. We used a variety of methods to infer the species tree, examine gene tree conflict, and infer paleopolyploidy events. KEY RESULTS: Phylogenomic analyses supported the monophyly of the carnivorous Caryophyllales, with a crown age of 68–83 million years. In contrast to previous analyses, we recovered the remaining noncore Caryophyllales as nonmonophyletic, although the node supporting this relationship contained a significant amount of gene tree discordance. We present evidence that the clade contains at least seven independent paleopolyploidy events, previously unresolved nodes from the literature have high levels of gene tree conflict, and taxon sampling influences topology even in a phylogenomic data set, regardless of the use of coalescent or supermatrix methods. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate the importance of carefully considering gene tree conflict and taxon sampling in phylogenomic analyses. Moreover, they provide a remarkable example of the propensity for paleopolyploidy in angiosperms, with at least seven such events in a clade of less than 2500 species.
nad1 alignment in Description of three widespread new Peronospora species parasitising Caryophyllales
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COX2/cox2-1 spacer/COX1 alignment in Description of three widespread new Peronospora species parasitising Caryophyllales
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ITS alignment in Description of three widespread new Peronospora species parasitising Caryophyllales
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hsp90 alignment in Description of three widespread new Peronospora species parasitising Caryophyllales
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RPS10 alignment in Description of three widespread new Peronospora species parasitising Caryophyllales
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Fig. 4 in Pollen characters and DNA sequence data converge on a monophyletic genus Iresine (Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales) and help to elucidate its species diversity
Fig. 4. Scanning electron photomicrographs of pollen grains from the Iresine clade (= Iresinoids). A, Iresine cassiniiformis (Borsch & al. 3792); B, Iresine type XXXIV (Borsch & al. 5412); C, Iresine rzedowskii (Borsch & al. 3793); D, Iresine ajuscana (Borsch & al. 5404); E, Iresine orientalis (Borsch & al. 5404); F, Iresine discolor (Purpus 3453); G, Magnification of aperture with details of mesoporium of pollen from the same plant; H, Iresine hartmanii (Tenorino 1864); I, Iresine type XXXIV (Borsch & al. 5390). — Scale = 10 µm apart from G where it is 4 µm.
Fig. 7. Scanning electron photomicrographs from the alternantheroid and gomphrenoid clades. A in Pollen characters and DNA sequence data converge on a monophyletic genus Iresine (Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales) and help to elucidate its species diversity
Fig. 7. Scanning electron photomicrographs from the alternantheroid and gomphrenoid clades. A, Pedersenia cardenasii (Borsch & Ortuño 3504); B, Pedersenia sp. (Borsch & Ibisch 3532); C, Magnification of aperture and details of mesoporia of pollen from the same plant; D, Hebanthe occidentalis (Borsch & Ortuño 3512); E, Pfaffia dunaliana (Borsch & Ortuño 3756); F, Magnification of aperture and details of mesoporia of pollen from the same plant. — Scale = 10 µm apart from C where it is 4 µm.
Fig. 5. Scanning electron photomicrographs from the Iresine clade. A in Pollen characters and DNA sequence data converge on a monophyletic genus Iresine (Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales) and help to elucidate its species diversity
Fig. 5. Scanning electron photomicrographs from the Iresine clade. A, Iresine hebanthoides (Borsch & al. 5415); B, Magnification of aperture and details of mesoporia of pollen from the same plant; C, Iresine sousae (Mendez Ton 7192, isotype B); D, Iresine nitens (Borsch & al. 3770); E, Magnification of aperture and details of mesoporia of pollen from the same plant; F, Iresine latifolia (Borsch & al. 3790); G, Magnification of aperture and details of mesoporia of pollen from the same plant; H, Iresine diffusa (Borsch & al. 3676); I, Irenella cysotricha (Asplund 16555). — Scale = 10 µm apart from B, E and G where it is 4 µm and I where it is 2 µm.
Fig. 6. Scanning electron photomicrographs from the Iresine clade. A in Pollen characters and DNA sequence data converge on a monophyletic genus Iresine (Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllales) and help to elucidate its species diversity
Fig. 6. Scanning electron photomicrographs from the Iresine clade. A, Iresine angustifolia (Zumaya & al. 81); B, Iresine nigra (Zumaya & al. 77); C, View from a different angle onto a pollen grain from the same plant; D, Iresine interrupta (Zumaya 62); E, Iresine borschii (Ventura 9443, paratype); F, Iresine arbuscula (Castillo s.n.). — Scale = 10 µm.
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