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194 results for “Cause and effect”
Environmental effects caused by the Mw 7.7, September 19, 2022, Michoacán (Mexico)
<p>This dataset includes documentation of Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEEs) triggered by the Mw 7.7, September 19, 2022, Michoacán (Mexico) earthquake. Data derive from original field surveys, published reports and papers, and from a search for EEEs posted online in social media and other websites.</p><p>The files include:</p><ul><li>Shapefile of the sites where each EEE has been documented</li><li>Shapefile of earthquake-triggered landslides, mapped as polygons from the interpretation of satellite images</li><li>Shapefile of the area investigated for landslide mapping</li><li>Pdf document providing a description of each EEE.</li></ul><p>Shapefiles are in coordinates WGS84 UTM Zone 13 N</p><p> </p><p>Credits:</p><ul><li>EEE documentation from field surveys: Velázquez Bucio M. Magdalena, Pizza Marco, Andres David Nuñez-Meneses</li><li>EEE documentation from social media: Muccignato Eliana, Velázquez Bucio M. Magdalena, Pizza Marco</li><li>Landslide mapping from interpretation of satellite images: Ferrario Francesca, Sridharan Aadityan</li><li>ESI intensity assessment: Velázquez Bucio M. Magdalena, Ferrario Francesca, Lacan Pierre, Muccignato Eliana, Pizza Marco, Porfido Sabina, Michetti Alessandro M.</li><li>Supervision: Velázquez Bucio M. Magdalena, Lacan Pierre, Michetti Alessandro M.</li></ul>
Study on the Effect of a Beta Blocker on Increased Sensitivity to Pain in Humans Caused by Opioids
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01222091. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 16.
Study of the Effects of High Dose Aflibercept Injected Into the Eye of Patients With an Age-related Disorder That Causes Loss of Vision Due to Growth of Abnormal Blood Vessels at the Back of the Eye
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04423718. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 27. Publications: 4.
Clinical Research Study With Clazosentan to Evaluate Its Effects on Preventing Complications Due to the Narrowing of the Blood Vessels (Vasospasm) in the Brain, Caused by Bleeding Onto the Surface of
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03585270. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 15. Publications: 2.
Data from: Biodegradable microplastics can cause more serious loss of soil organic carbon by priming effect than conventional microplastics in farmland shelterbelts
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Data from: Body size variation in aquatic consumers causes pervasive community effects, independent of mean body size
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Fish carcass deposition to suppress invasive lake trout through hypoxia causes limited, non-target effects on benthic invertebrates in Yellowstone Lake
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Synergistic impacts of co-occurring invasive grasses cause persistent effects in the soil-plant system after selective removal
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The preservation of cause and effect in the rock record
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Consumption of pollen contaminated with field-realistic concentrations of fungicide cause sub-lethal effects in common eastern bumble bee (Bombus impatiens [Hymenoptera]: [Apidae]) microcolonies
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The Immp2l mutation causes ovarian aging through ROS-wnt/β-catenin-estrogen (cyp19a1) pathway: preventive effect of melatonin
<p>Mitochondria play important roles in ovarian follicle development. Mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial gene deficiency, impairs the ovarian development. Here, we explored the role and mechanism of mitochondrial inner membrane gene <i>Immp2l</i> in ovarian follicle growth and development. Our results revealed that the female Immp2l<sup>-/-</sup> mice were infertile, while the Immp2l<sup>+/- </sup>mice were normal. Body and ovarian weights were reduced in the female Immp2l<sup>-/- </sup>mice, ovarian follicle growth and development were stunted in the secondary follicle stage. Although a few ovarian follicles were ovulated, the oocytes were not fertilized due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased oxidative stress, decreased estrogen levels, and altered genes expression of Wnt/β-catenin and steroid hormone synthesis pathways were observed in 28-day-old Immp2l<sup>-/-</sup> mice. The Immp2l mutation accelerated ovarian aging process, as no ovarian follicles were detected in age of 5 months in Immp2l<sup>-/- </sup>mice. All the aforementioned changes in the Immp2l<sup>-/- </sup>mice were reversed by administration of antioxidant melatonin to the Immp2l<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Furthermore, our in vitro study using Immp2l knockdown granulosa cells confirmed that the Immp2l downregulation induced granulosa cell aging by enhancing ROS levels, suppressing <i>Wnt16</i>, increasing β-catenin and decreasing steroid hormone synthesis gene <i>cyp19a1</i> and estrogen levels, accompanied by an increase in the aging phenotype of granulosa cells. Melatonin treatment delayed granulosa cell aging progression. Taken together, Immp2l causes ovarian aging through the ROS-Wnt/β-catenin-estrogen (cyp19a1) pathway, which can be reversed by melatonin treatment.Mitochondria play important roles in ovarian follicle development. Mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial gene deficiency, impairs the ovarian development. Here, we explored the role and mechanism of mitochondrial inner membrane gene <i>Immp2l</i> in ovarian follicle growth and development. Our results revealed that the female Immp2l<sup>-/-</sup> mice were infertile, while the Immp2l<sup>+/- </sup>mice were normal. Body and ovarian weights were reduced in the female Immp2l<sup>-/- </sup>mice, ovarian follicle growth and development were stunted in the secondary follicle stage. Although a few ovarian follicles were ovulated, the oocytes were not fertilized due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased oxidative stress, decreased estrogen levels, and altered genes expression of Wnt/β-catenin and steroid hormone synthesis pathways were observed in 28-day-old Immp2l<sup>-/-</sup> mice. The Immp2l mutation accelerated ovarian aging process, as no ovarian follicles were detected in age of 5 months in Immp2l<sup>-/- </sup>mice. All the aforementioned changes in the Immp2l<sup>-/- </sup>mice were reversed by administration of antioxidant melatonin to the Immp2l<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Furthermore, our in vitro study using Immp2l knockdown granulosa cells confirmed that the Immp2l downregulation induced granulosa cell aging by enhancing ROS levels, suppressing <i>Wnt16</i>, increasing β-catenin and decreasing steroid hormone synthesis gene <i>cyp19a1</i> and estrogen levels, accompanied by an increase in the aging phenotype of granulosa cells. Melatonin treatment delayed granulosa cell aging progression. Taken together, Immp2l causes ovarian aging through the ROS-Wnt/β-catenin-estrogen (cyp19a1) pathway, which can be reversed by melatonin treatment.</p>
Herbivory of a biocontrol agent on a native plant causes an indirect trait-mediated non-target effect on a native insect
<p>Identifying food web linkages between biocontrol agents of invasive plants and native species is crucial for predicting indirect non-target effects. Biocontrol insects can integrate into food webs within recipient habitats and influence native insects through apparent competition (altering shared natural enemies) or density-mediated exploitation competition (changing density of native plants). However, whether and how trait-mediated exploitation competition (modifying native plant chemical defenses and volatiles profiles) can produce indirect non-target effects remains largely overlooked, despite plant phenotypic responses to insect herbivory being common and widely documented.</p> <p>The beetle <em>Agasicles hygrophila</em> was introduced into China for management of weedy <em>Alternanthera philoxeroides</em>, but it also attacks the native congener <em>A. sessilis</em>, which may have indirect non-target effects on the native beetle <em>Cassida piperata </em>that also feeds on <em>A. sessilis</em>. Here, we examined the relationships among the abundance of <em>A. hygrophila</em> and <em>C. piperata</em>, and <em>A. sessilis</em> coverage in the field. Then, we investigated the impact of <em>A. hygrophila</em> herbivory on <em>C. piperata</em> development and oviposition, as well as<em> A. sessilis</em> primary metabolites and leaf volatiles.</p> <p><em>Cassida piperata</em> abundance was not related to <em>A. sessilis</em> coverage, but <em>C. piperata</em> was less abundant on plants with more<em> A. hygrophila</em> in the field survey and on plants with more prior<em> A. hygrophila</em> damage in the field cage experiment. <em>Cassida piperata </em>development was inhibited by prior <em>A. hygrophila </em>herbivory in bioassays in enemy-free conditions and they preferred to oviposit on <em>A. sessilis </em>plants that had experienced little or no <em>A. hygrophila</em> damage. <em>Agasicles hygrophila</em> herbivory decreased <em>A. sessilis</em> foliar glucose and protein, and substantially changed its leaf volatile blend.</p> <p>Synthesis. Our results show that <em>A. hygrophila</em> has its major indirect non-target effects on <em>C. piperata </em>through trait-mediated exploitation competition, rather than apparent competition or density-mediated exploitation competition. Our results demonstrate a new mechanism for indirect non-target effects of biocontrol agents. Furthermore, our results indicate that minor and temporary negative impacts on non-target plants might propagate to higher trophic levels and such negative impacts can strengthen with increasing intensity of the direct non-target effect.</p>
Data from: Partitioning the effects of spatial isolation, nest habitat, and individual diet in causing assortative mating within a population of threespine stickleback
Assortative mating is measured as a phenotypic or genotypic correlation between mates. Although biologists typically view assortative mating in terms of mate preference for similar partners, correlations between mates can also arise from phenotypic spatial structure arising from spatial isolation or habitat preferences. Here, we test whether diet-assortative mating within an ecologically variable population of threespine stickleback results from small-scale geographic isolation or microhabitat preference. We find evidence for assortative mating in the form of a positive correlation between mated pairs' diets (measured using stable isotopes). Stable isotopes reveal diet differences between different nesting areas and among individuals using different nest habitat within a nesting area. This spatial segregation of diet types should generate some assortative mating, but is insufficient to explain the observed assortment strength. Significant male-female isotope correlations remain after controlling for spatial variables. We therefore conclude that sticklebacks' diet-assortative mating arises from additional behavioral preference. More generally, our results illustrate the point that spatial segregation can only drive appreciable levels of phenotypic assortative mating when environment-phenotype correlations are parallel and strong in both sexes. Consequently, intraspecific assortative mating may typically entail mating preferences rather than just spatial co-segregation of phenotypes.
Data from: Isodars unveil asymmetric effects on habitat use caused by competition between two endangered species
In order for competing species to coexist, segregation on some ecological niche component is required and is often mediated by differential habitat use. When unequal competitors are involved, the dominant species tends to displace the subordinate one to its less preferred habitat. Here, we use habitat isodars, an approach which reflects evolutionary stable strategies of habitat selection, to evaluate whether interspecific competition between two competing species with distinct habitat preferences, the little bustard Tetrax tetrax and the great bustard Otis tarda, modulates their habitat use. Field data on these endangered species demonstrate that unequal competitors can coexist without completely segregating on their preferred habitats. The negatively sloped isodar of the subordinate little bustard unveils its competition with the dominant great bustard. Interference from great bustards in secondary cereal habitats reinforces use of preferred natural habitat by little bustards. Studies of density-dependent habitat selection by a single-species can thus aid in identifying the effects of competition on community composition, and guide the conservation of at-risk species. Isodars, in particular, represent a promising method to gain clear knowledge on interspecific competition for species in which experimental manipulations are not feasible.
Data from: Exposure to opposing temperature extremes causes comparable effects on Cardinium density but contrasting effects on Cardinium-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility
Terrestrial arthropods, including insects, commonly harbor maternally inherited intracellular symbionts that confer benefits to the host or manipulate host reproduction to favor infected female progeny. These symbionts may be especially vulnerable to thermal stress, potentially leading to destabilization of the symbiosis and imposing costs to the host. For example, increased temperatures can reduce the density of a common reproductive manipulator, Wolbachia, and the strength of its crossing incompatibility (cytoplasmic incompatibility, or CI) phenotype. Another manipulative symbiont, Cardinium hertigii, infects ~ 6-10% of Arthropods, and also can induce CI, but there is little homology between the molecular mechanisms of CI induced by Cardinium and Wolbachia. Here we investigated whether temperature disrupts the CI phenotype of Cardinium in a parasitic wasp host, Encarsia suzannae. We examined the effects of both warm (32°C day/ 29°C night) and cool (20°C day/ 17°C night) temperatures on Cardinium CI and found that both types of temperature stress modified aspects of this symbiosis. Warm temperatures reduced symbiont density, pupal developmental time, vertical transmission rate, and the strength of both CI modification and rescue. Cool temperatures also reduced symbiont density, however this resulted in stronger CI, likely due to cool temperatures prolonging the host pupal stage. The opposing effects of cool and warm-mediated reductions in symbiont density on the resulting CI phenotype indicates that CI strength may be independent of density in this system. Temperature stress also modified the CI phenotype only if it occurred during the pupal stage, highlighting the likely importance of this stage for CI induction in this symbiosis.
FIGURE 3 in The Cause and Effect of Polarization: Thoughts on the "Morphological vs. Molecular Debate" in Systematics, with Examples from the Study of Sturgeons (Actinopterygii: Acipenseridae)
FIGURE 3. Alternative reconstruction for the recovered morphological hypothesis based on a matrix of 62 characters. Nodes in common between the morphological and molecular character matrices are numbered the same and are denoted with an asterisk.
FIGURE 4 in The Cause and Effect of Polarization: Thoughts on the "Morphological vs. Molecular Debate" in Systematics, with Examples from the Study of Sturgeons (Actinopterygii: Acipenseridae)
FIGURE 4. One of three reconstructed molecular topologies based on the mitochondrial Cytochrome b gene. Nodes in common between the morphological and molecular character matrices are numbered the same and are denoted with an asterisk.
Effect of Sleep Restriction on Metabolic Disturbances Caused by Overfeeding
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02075723. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Effect of an Anti-inflammatory on Tooth Sensitivity Caused by Bleaching
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01300780. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Clinical Effectiveness of a Patient-tailored Orthosis Based on 3-dimensional (3D) Scanner Modeling and 3D Printing Technology for Microstomia Caused by Burns : Pilot Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07264218. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.