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FIGURES 81–87 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 81–87. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedt's cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (81) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (82) External view of the apically elongated distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area; (83) Detail of coaxial proximal raphe endings in external view; (84) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (85) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle terminating in narrow submarginal area bordered by a thickened rim (arrows). Smaller non-hymenate poroids are present at the end of each biseriate stria (white arrowhead) and ligulate structures are visible on the marginal area (black arrowhead); (86) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view; (87) Detail of the internal surface of raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae. Scale bars: Figs 81, 84, 86 = 10 μm; Fig. 87 = 2 μm; Figs 82, 83, 85 = 1 μm.

FIGURES 93–96 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 93–96. Historical reports of Anorthoneis pulex by different authors. 93–94. A. pulex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81499, Yerseke, The Netherlands. 95. Teratological valve from Sterrenburg's cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. 96. A. pulex sternum valve from Sterrenburg's cleaned material from Yerseke, The Netherlands, SEM image. Magnification: Fig. 97: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 93–94 = 5 μm; Figs 95, 96 = 2 μm.

FIGURES 103–111 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 103–111. Anorthoneis tenuis specimens from Hustedt's cleaned material AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (103) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (104) Sternum valve in internal view; (105) Detail of external sternum valve mantle showing smaller and transapically elongated areola at the end of each stria; (106) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing irregular areolae; (107) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve; (108) Detail of coaxial, expanded, pore-like raphe central endings in external view; (109) Tilted external view (30°) of raphe-sternum valve with open valvocopula; (110) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (111) Detail of the raphe-sternum valve showing the biseriate mantle striae and a expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending. Scale bars: Fig. 107 = 5 μm; Figs 103, 104, 109, 110 = 2 μm; Figs 105, 106, 108, 111 = 1 μm.

FIGURES 76–80 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 76–80. Anorthoneis hyalina specimens from Hustedt's cleaned material AM791, AM794, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (76) External view of sternum valve showing the asymmetrical hyaline central area; (77) Internal view of sternum valve with thickened hyaline central area; (78) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve; (79) Detail of sternum valve surface showing imperforated areolae (arrow); (80) Detail of sternum valve mantle in internal view showing the slit-like areolae occluded by vela. Scale bars: Figs 76, 77 = 10 μm; Fig. 78 = 5 μm; Figs 79, 80 = 2 μm.

FIGURES 57–62 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 57–62. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedt's cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (57) External sternum valve with asymmetrical hyaline central area and small roundish terminal areas (arrow); (58) Detail of sternum valve mantle terminating in a wide hyaline marginal area; (59) Detail of roundish/transapically elongated areolae externally occluded by thick perforated hymenes; (60) Detail of sternum valve mantle; (61) Internal view of areolae occluded by perforated hymens; (62) Internal sternum valve showing sternum and hyaline central area. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm; Figs 62, 63 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61 = 1 μm.

FIGURES 49–56 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 49–56. Historical reports of Anorthoneis hummii by different authors. (49) Raphe-sternum and sternum valve drawings of A. hummii from Hustedt (1955) (holotype); (50) Raphe-sternum valve micrographs of A. hummii from Witkowski et al. (2000); (51, 52) Micrographs of A. hummii specimen H65158 from slide ZT1/87 (Holotype), material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (53) Micrograph of A. hummii specimen H65433 from slide ZT1/96 (Paralectotype), material AM795 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (54, 55) Micrographs of A. hummii specimen H65252 from slide ZT1/92 (isolectotype), material AM792 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (56) Micrograph of A. hummii specimen H65217a from slide ZT1/90 (lectotype), material AM792 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany). Magnification: Fig. 52: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 51–56 = 10 μm.

FIGURES 42–48 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 42–48. Anorthoneis eurystoma specimens from Hustedt cleaned material AM791, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (42) Raphe-sternum valve in external view; (43) Raphe-sternum valve in internal view showing the open valvocopula exhibiting a crenulated inner margin (arrows); (44) Tilted external view (60°) of raphesternum valve. (45) External view of a distal raphe ending terminating in a hyaline submarginal area. (46) Detail of expanded, pore-like, coaxial central raphe endings in external view; (47) Internal view of slightly oppositely deflected, central raphe endings converging on a central nodule; (48) Internal view of a distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa. Scale bars: Figs 42–44 = 5 μm; Figs 45–48 = 2 μm.

FIGURES 38–41 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 38–41. Anorthoneis eurystoma specimens from Hustedt cleaned material AM791, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. (38) External view of sternum and asymmetrical hyaline central area; (39) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing slightly evident terminal areas close to the mantle (arrow); (40) Detail of sternum valve surface showing the transapically-elongated areole internally occluded by vela; (41) Internal view of sternum valve with strongly silicified sternum and hyaline central area. Scale bars: Figs 39, 41 = 10 μm; Fig. 38 = 5 μm; Fig. 40 = 2 μm.

FIGURES 23–27 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 23–27. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (23) External view of sternum valve showing asymmetrical subtriangular central area; (24) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the convex external mantle; (25) Internal view of sternum valve; (26) Detail of mantle showing the apically elongated areolae at the end of each stria; (27) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the slight thickening of sternum and central area. Scale bars: Figs 23–24, 29 = 5 μm; Fig. 25 = 2 μm; Fig. 26 = 1 μm.

FIGURES 1–9 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 1–9. Historical reports of Anorthoneis excentrica by different Authors. (1) Raphe-sternum valve drawing of A. excentrica from Donkin (1858) (Holotype); (2) Raphe-sternum valve drawing of A. excentrica from Ralfs in Pritchard (1861); (3) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve drawings of A. excentrica from Peragallo & Peragallo (1897–1908); (4) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve drawings of A. excentrica from Hustedt (1933); (5) Sternum valve of A. excentrica from Hendey (1964); (6) Sternum valve of A. excentrica from Sterrenburg (1988); (7) Sternum and raphe-sternum valve of A. excentrica from Witkowski et al. (2000); (8) Sternum valve of A. excentrica from slide BM 1466, Greville collection, LM image; (9) Raphe-sternum valve of A. excentrica from slide BM 1466, Greville collection, LM image. Magnifications: Fig. 6 = x2000; Fig. 7 = x1500. Scale bars: Figs 8, 9 = 10 μm.

FIGURES 10–13 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 10–13. Anorthoneis excentrica from Sterrenburg's sample 1 (1988), collected from the beach near Bergen aan Zee, Holland (August, 1958), SEM images. (10) External view of sternum valve showing faint eccentric sternum (arrow) and small, roundish terminal areas (arrowhead); (11) Detail of striae with smaller imperforated areola on the valve margin at the end of each stria (arrows); (12) External view of raphe-sternum valve with smaller areola at the end of each stria (arrows). (13) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Figs 10, 12, 13 = 10 μm; Fig. 11 = 2 μm.

FIGURES 28–34 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 28–34. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991), original material #4138, Withlacoochee River, Fla, U.S.A, ANSP Material Collection, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, SEM images. (28) External raphe-sternum valve with faint, hyaline, submarginal areas (arrow); (29) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like proximal raphe endings; (30) External distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area; (31) Proximal raphe endings hooked in opposite directions and to the central nodule; (32) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in vestigial helictoglossa; (33) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (34) Tilted internal view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickened raphe-sternum, central nodule and submarginal hyaline area. Scale bars: Figs 28, 33, 34 = 5 μm; Fig. 31 = 2 μm; Figs 29, 30, 32 = 1 μm.

FIGURES 14–22 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 14–22. Anorthoneis dulcis specimens from Hein (1991). (14) Raphe-sternum valve LM micrograph of A. dulcis from Hein (1991), fig. 2 (holotype); (15) Raphe-sternum valve LM micrograph of A. dulcis from Hein (1991), fig. 3; (16) Sternum valve LM micrograph of A. dulcis from Hein 1991, fig. 3'; (17) Sternum valve LM micrograph of A. dulcis from Hein (1991), fig. 2' (holotype); (18, 19) LM micrographs of A. dulcis sternum and raphe-sternum valve from holotype (slide ANSP A-GC #55788, Diatom herbarium, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences); (20–22) LM micrographs of A. dulcis sternum and raphe-sternum valves from holotype (slide ANSP A-GC #55788, Diatom herbarium, Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences). Scale bars: Figs 14, 17–19 = 10 μm; Figs 15, 16, 20–22 = 5 μm.

FIGURES 35–37 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 35–37. Historical reports of Anorthoneis eurystoma by different authors. (35) Sternum valve drawing of A. eurystoma from Cleve (1895) (holotype); (36) Raphe-sternum and sternum valve drawings of A. eurystoma from Hustedt (1955); (37) Sternum and raphesternum valve micrographs of A. eurystoma from Witkowski et al. (2000). Magnification: Fig. 37: x1500.

FIGURES 27–32 in Cocconeis churalis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 27–32: Cocconeis churalis. SEM images of cingula. Fig. 27: Valvocopula (VC), and second (S), third (T) and fourth (F) band of ARV. Fig. 28: Opposite pole. Figs 29, 30: Internal views of the terminal areas of RV and ARV with valvocopula (VC), respectively. Arrows indicate the open parts of valvocopula. Fig. 31: Valvocopula (VC) and the second band (S) with ligula (L), remaining on RV. Fig. 32: Valvocopula (VC) and second band (S) of araphid valve (ARV).

FIGURES 19–24 in Cocconeis churalis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 19–24: Cocconeis churalis. SEM images of araphid valves (ARV). Figs 19, 21, 23: External views of ARV. Figs 20, 22, 24: Internal views of ARV. Figs 19, 20: Whole valves. Figs 21, 22: Marginal areas. Fig. 23: Areolae occluded by the hymenes with perforations in a parallel array. Fig. 24: Alveoli occluding by hymenes (arrows) located near the outer surface.

FIGURES 11–18 in Cocconeis churalis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 11–18: Cocconeis churalis. SEM images of raphid valves (RV). Figs 11, 13, 14, 17: External views of RV. Figs 12, 15, 16, 18: Internal views of RV. Figs 11, 12: Whole valves. Figs 13, 15: Distal raphe ends in terminal area. Figs 14, 16: Proximal raphe ends in central area. Figs 17, 18: Areolae occluded by the hymenes with linear perforations in a centric array.

FIGURES 1–10 in Cocconeis churalis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 1–10: Cocconeis churalis. LM images of holotype and other specimens. Figs 1–8: Raphid valves (RV) (Figs 1–4) and araphid valves (ARV) (Figs 5–8) of the same frustule. Figs 1, 5: Specimens from holotype slide. Figs 9, 10. Specimens from fixed sample. Fig. 9. Cell showing a C-shaped and elaborately lobed plastid. Fig. 10. C. churalis (arrows) and Gomphonemopsis pseudexigua (arrowheads), epiphytic on Murrayella periclados.

FIGURES 25, 26 in Cocconeis churalis: a new marine diatom (Bacillariophyta, Cocconeidaceae) from Japan

FIGURES 25, 26: Cocconeis churalis. SEM images of araphid valves (ARV). Fig. 25: External face of immature ARV showing alveoli, each with one foramen. Fig. 26: Early stage of ARV formation, with rudimentary raphe (arrows).