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opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Nutrient abatement COD in Valladolid city

In the H2020 UrbanGreenUP some NBS related to water management, such as the NTWP and the Electrowetlands, are designed for the removal of organic compounds and nutrients from the wastewater. The treatment of wastewater by means of green solutions supposes the discharge of low loads of organic matter, nutrients, and other pollutants (such as heavy metals or emerging contaminants) to the environment. Therefore, the safety discharge to the environment or later reuse for different purposes (such as irrigation of green areas) is ensured. This KPI aims at determining the organic matter, nutrients, and other pollutants removal in the NBS. For that purpose, the concentration of the specific contaminants to be monitored are determined both in the influent (raw wastewater) and the final effluent of the NBS. The reduction observed in the concentration is the abatement reached in the monitored system. This KPI involves sampling and analytical determinations in a lab.

Figure 6. Pseudophycis bachus. A, B, NMNZ P.054828 in A review of the Australasian genus Pseudophycis (Gadiformes: Moridae), redescribing its four species and resurrecting the name Physiculus palmatus Klunzinger, 1872, for the Australian Red Cod

Figure 6. Pseudophycis bachus. A, B, NMNZ P.054828, neotype, 351 mm SL, 2.5 km off coast from Whanganui River bar, Whanganui, New Zealand, fresh specimen, lateral view of body and anterior body showing black pectoral blotch respectively (photographs C. Struthers, NMNZ); C, unpublished line drawing by S. Parkinson of Enchelyopus bachus Forster in Bloch and Schneider, 1801 (reproduced from Whitehead, 1969: pl. 31).

Figure 5 in A review of the Australasian genus Pseudophycis (Gadiformes: Moridae), redescribing its four species and resurrecting the name Physiculus palmatus Klunzinger, 1872, for the Australian Red Cod

Figure 5. Scatter plot of canonical analysis of principal coordinates scores on the first and second canonical axes for 124 specimens of Pseudophycis, including types.

Figure 2. Pseudophycis palmata. A, B, CSIRO H 7366-01, 265 in A review of the Australasian genus Pseudophycis (Gadiformes: Moridae), redescribing its four species and resurrecting the name Physiculus palmatus Klunzinger, 1872, for the Australian Red Cod

Figure 2. Pseudophycis palmata. A, B, CSIRO H 7366-01, 265 mm SL, Storm Bay, east of Variety Bay on North Bruny Island, Tasmania, Australia, fresh specimen, lateral view of body and lateral view of head and anterior body with black pectoral blotch, respectively, (photographs C. Devine, CSIRO); C, SMNS 1589, holotype, 172 mm SL, Port Phillip, Hobsons Bay, Victoria, Australia (photograph C. Struthers, NMNZ).

Figure 8. Pseudophycis breviuscula. A, CSIRO H 4384-01, 110 in A review of the Australasian genus Pseudophycis (Gadiformes: Moridae), redescribing its four species and resurrecting the name Physiculus palmatus Klunzinger, 1872, for the Australian Red Cod

Figure 8. Pseudophycis breviuscula. A, CSIRO H 4384-01, 110 mm SL, Albany, Western Australia (photograph compliments CSIRO Marine Research); B, BMNH 1855.9.19.1182, holotype of Lota breviuscula, 152 mm SL, Bay of Islands, New Zealand (photograph © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London).

Figure 1 in A review of the Australasian genus Pseudophycis (Gadiformes: Moridae), redescribing its four species and resurrecting the name Physiculus palmatus Klunzinger, 1872, for the Australian Red Cod

Figure 1. Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano maximum likelihood tree of 65 COI sequences from four purported species of Pseudophycis, along with seven sequences for an outgroup species, Auchenoceros punctatus. Percentage bootstrap values followed by bootstrap values in p-distance neighbour joining and maximum parsimony trees are given for all well supported nodes (2 of 3 exceeding 80%). Specimen numbers are those of registered museum vouchers or sequence numbers in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD, http://www.barcodinglife.org/).

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

Morphology of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) assessed according to habitat preference and age in the Beaufort Sea

Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) represents the most widespread and abundant fish in the Arctic and is a critical trophic link in its ecosystems. Like many species endemic to the region, it has lost essential habitat as the extent and thickness of sea ice have declined substantially in recent decades. Extreme warming induced by climate change continues to deteriorate polar marine environments. Thus, understanding how Arctic cod uses and partitions its habitat/environment is central to its conservation. We assessed Arctic cod functional morphology using traditional (including gill rakers) and geometric morphometrics and explored whether these differed among habitats and age classes using multivariate techniques. While distinct ecotypes have been proposed, these were not detected in our analyses. Rather, results show similar patterns in the external morphology of Arctic cod across habitats and age classes in the Beaufort Sea. However, analysis of gill rakers revealed concurrent habitat- and age-specific changes likely associated with dietary preferences. Findings indicate that although Arctic cod does not specialise in external morphological features in any habitat, important aspects of its internal feeding morphology shift as it grows, likely underpinning important distributional changes and the species' critical role in transferring energy in Arctic marine ecosystems.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Atlantic cod individual spatial behaviour and stable isotope associations in a no-take marine reserve

<ol> <li>Foraging is a behavioural process and, therefore, individual behaviour and diet are theorized to covary. However, few comparisons of individual behaviour type and diet exist in the wild.</li> <li>We tested whether behaviour type and diet covary in a protected population of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. </li> <li>Working in a no-take marine reserve, we could collect data on natural behavioural variation and diet choice with minimal anthropogenic disturbance. We inferred behaviour using acoustic telemetry and diet from stable isotope compositions (expressed as δ13C and δ15N values). We further investigated whether behaviour and diet could have survival costs.</li> <li>We found cod with shorter diel vertical migration distances fed at higher trophic levels. Cod δ13C and δ15N values scaled positively with body size. Neither behaviour nor diet predicted survival, indicating phenotypic diversity is maintained without survival costs for cod in a protected ecosystem.</li> <li>The links between diet and diel vertical migration highlight that future work is needed to understand whether the shifts in this behaviour during environmental change (e.g. fishing or climate), could lead to trophic cascades. </li> </ol>

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Large females connect Atlantic cod spawning sites

In this study, we used acoustic telemetry to monitor the movements of mature Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) during the winter spawining season. The fish were captured in traps with the help of a local fisher, and released near their point of capture after tagging and body size measurements. Fish detection data were downloaded from the moored receivers twice per year, before and after the spawning season. The acoustic receivers were distributed among several known inshore spawning grounds, and we used network analyses to quantify how individual cod moved at a finer and broader scale among these sites. Movement traits representing connectivity were used as response variables in the statistical analyses, while body size measurements, residency (time spent within the array), tagging location and year, were tried as predictors.