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113 results for “Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory”
Trapping system for longhorn beetles at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 2000 to 2003
This was a pheromone trapping experiment for bark and wood boring beetles. The study attempts to develop an efficient trapping system for the detection and monitoring of exotic bark and wood boring beetles, particularly longhorn beetles (Cerambycidae). It was conducted from 12 May 2003 to 30 July 2003 in mature white pine stand with lots of tree mortality to southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis. There were four replicates of eight treatments set in RBD with four replicates at each of two sites. Treatments involved funnel traps baited with combinations of three common bark beetle pheromones: lanierone, ipsenol and ipsdienol. The objective is to use areas in the south with substantial populations of native beetles to develop a generic trap for large wood borers before attempting trials in areas such as China and Russia. Several types of intercept traps will be tested with various host compounds such as ethanol and alpha-pinene.
Soil respiration in treatment boxes on canopy gradient sites at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 1998
We tested whether inputs from canopy herbivores would affect soil processes such as respiration, nutrient cycling, and decomposition along an elevation gradient. The five treatments we used were frass additions, throughfall additions, removal of all litter that fell during the study, removal of greenfall that fell during the study, and controls. Soil respiration was significantly reduced on low and mid elevation sites in litter exclusion, greenfall exclusion and throughfall addition treatments (from 0.846 g CO2/m2/h for controls to 0.618, 0.667, and 0.708 g CO2/m2/h, respectively, for the three treatments).
Soil respiration and precipitation data at resin bag sites on canopy gradient sites at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1998 (dataset 1056)
We tested whether inputs from canopy herbivores would affect soil processes such as respiration, nutrient cycling, and decomposition along an elevation gradient. The five treatments we used were frass additions, throughfall additions, removal of all litter that fell during the study, removal of greenfall that fell during the study, and controls. Soil respiration was significantly reduced on low and mid elevation sites in litter exclusion, greenfall exclusion and throughfall addition treatments (from 0.846 g CO2/m2/h for controls to 0.618, 0.667, and 0.708 g CO2/m2/h, respectively, for the three treatments).
Nematodes in canopy gradient sites at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 1998
Soil nematodes were extracted from litter bags collected from canopy gradient sites as part of: Reynolds, Barbara F.. 2000. Effects of canopy herbivores on soil systems along an elevational gradient. Ph.D. Dissertation. Athens, GA: University of Georgia. These data represent total numbers of nematodes. Different trophic groups are not distinguished. Litter was a combination of red oak and red maple. Nematode counts are based on calculated dry weight of litter.
Litter decomposition in canopy gradient plots at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in 1998
Decomposition is frequently measured using litter bags containing known amounts of litter. A set of litter bags can be sampled over time and the weight loss which is measured serves as an index of decomposition. By measuring litter breakdown rate (decomposition) of the same species of litter along the elevation gradient, we could measure variation among the different elevations due to our treatments and elevation effects. Treatments used on quadrat boxes include frass additions (boxes 3,8,13,18,23), thrufall additions (boxes 4,9,14,19,24), controls (boxes 5,10,15,20,25), greenfall exclusion (boxes 2,7,12,17,22) and litterfall exclusion (boxes 1,6,11,16,21).
Litter decomposition in quadrat treatments along elevation gradient for canopy herbivore input study at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 1999
Decomposition is frequently measured using litter bags containing known amounts of litter. A set of litter bags can be sampled over time and the weight loss which is measured serves as an index of decomposition. By measuring litter breakdown rate (decomposition) of the same species of litter along the elevation gradient, we could measure variation among the different elevations due to our treatments and elevation effects. Treatments included frass additions, thrufall additions, greenfall exclusion, all litter excluded, and controls.
Recruitment potential of southern and local tree species at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 2003 to 2005
For the Southeast US, biogeography models predict an increase in aridity with vegetation changes from temperate deciduous forest to southern mixed forest if there are moderate temperature increases, or to savanna landscapes under drier scenarios (Bachelet et al. 2001). Given this forecast, I hypothesize that the colonization potential of coastal and more southern species in the North Carolina Piedmont and southern Appalachians will be enhanced by a warmer and drier climate. The nature of this vegetation shift will mainly depend on the adaptability of these species to the specific characteristics of the sites. Considering that recruitment is the limiting stage for successful establishment of tree populations (Harper 1977), I propose to study recruitment limitation of potential migrant species relative to local trees in two regions in North Carolina, the Piedmont and the southern Appalachian mountains. Experimental manipulations will allow the quantification of recruitment potential of non-native tree species and their performance with respect to native species. Field and greenhouse experiments will be used to develop and parameterize a model of community recruitment. I will employ the model to elucidate potential changes in forest species composition under a suite of future climate scenarios. Both data and modeling work are expected to improve our understanding about the mechanisms that may be involved in restructuring communities in the face of a changing climate.
Tree growth (1999-2012) for the Functional Diversity project, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina
The importance of the herbaceous layer in regulating ecosystem processes in deciduous forests is generally unknown. We use a manipulative study in a rich, mesophytic cove forest in the southern Appalachians to test the following hypotheses: (i) the herbaceous functional group (HFG) in mesophytic coves accelerates carbon and nutrient cycling, (ii) high litter quality input and rapid nutrient turnover associated with HFG will have a positive effect on overstory tree growth, and (iii) the HFG regulates tree regeneration with negative effects on seedling establishment due to competition for resources. We established treatment plots in a mesic, cove-hardwoods forest and removed the herbaceous flora (HR, removed twice per year) or added herbaceous organic material (OMA, once per year) for comparison to a no removal (NR) reference for a total of 14 years. The OMA treatment stimulated soil N-mineralization and increased litterfall mass and N content. OMA N-mineralization rates were more than two times greater than both the NR and HR treatments; however, we did not detect significant differences in soil CO2 efflux among treatments. Higher overstory litterfall mass and N in the OMA treatment plots indicated that overstory trees were benefiting from the enhanced soil N-mineralization. Higher overstory leaf mass and N suggests an important linkage between HR and aboveground net primary production even though this did not translate into greater tree basal area increment. We found an increase in regeneration of all tree species with HFG removal, and the response was particularly evident for Acer rubrum seedlings.
Manual soil moisture measurements from ten artificial forest gaps at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, 2000-2018
Ten artificial forest gaps were created in March 2002 at Coweeta, following two years of pretreatment data collection. Experimental gaps were created by pulling canopy trees with a winch until they were down. Trees, saplings, and seedlings were censused and tracked as part of a demography study. Soil moisture data was collected during the growing season as an explanatory variable for tree survivorship and mortality.
Continuous microclimate measurements from Forest Site J, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, 2007-2016.
This research involves collecting continuous soil moisture measurements on plot J of the forest gap project. In addition, air temperature, and soil temperature at 5 and 20 cm depths are also measured.
Measurements of coarse woody debris at the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient Sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC from 2003 to 2014
The five Terrestrial Gradient sites were established in the early 1990s as part of the 1990 Coweeta LTER Renewal. The original terrestrial gradient sites were 20 x 40-m. In the late 1990s the plots were expanded to 80 x 80-m and later (around 1998) they were slope-corrected by Clark's lab using survey equipment. In this study, coarse woody debris (CWD) was measured in each of the five terrestrial gradient plots at the Coweeta Hydrologic Lab from 2003 through 2014. The length, diameters, and decay class of coarse wood were measured within each of the plots.
Measurements of Soil %C and %N at the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient Sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC.
This project is part of a larger examination of site productivity along an elevational gradient. Soil %C and %N were measured at each of the five terrestrial gradient plots located along an elevational gradient at Coweeta Hydrologic Lab, Otto, NC.
Spring and Fall Leaf Phenology from Coweeta LTER Soil Moisture Sites SM2 & SM4, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC, 2003-2015
Spring vegetative bud break, leaf elongation, fall leaf color, and leaf senescence are monitored at the two scaffold towers located at Project 1040 soil moisture microclimate sites 2 and 4. We have identified a variety of species at the elevation extremes within the Coweeta basin for this yearly monitoring project.
Stand Dynamics and Radial Growth Measurements from Old-Growth and Secondary-Growth Forests at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory and Joyce Kilmer Wilderness Area
Our objectives were to define disturbance causes, rates (percent disturbance per decade), magnitudes and frequency (time since last disturbance) for both secondary and old-growth mixed-oak stands, and to determine if all mixed oak stands experience similar disturbance history.
Measurements of leaf litter Carbon and Nitrogen from the Coweeta LTER Terrestrial Gradient sites, Coweeta Hydrological Laboratory, Otto, NC
This project was started by Haines and Crossley in 1992 to compare leaf litter weights among the five gradient plots (though data from the first collections were not included in this dataset because the original dataset did not represent a complete quarter of collection). Litter is collected from ten 91.4 x 91.4 cm leaf collectors within each of the gradient plots. Litter is collected on a quarterly basis (monthly in the autumn). The litter is then separated by category, dried, weighed, and processed in a Wiley mill for later carbon and nitrogen analyses. Since the project first started, the collection process has expanded to include non-leaf litter (e.g., lichens, bark, and seeds), fine twigs (0-2.5 cm diameter), and medium twigs (2.5-10 cm diameter).
Soil respiration and flux measurements from Watersheds 17 and 18,Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC.
In order to better understand soil respiration and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) fluxes, 90 closed container chambers were installed in 18 plots located at upper, mid, and lower-slope lcoations within Coweetas watersheds 17 and 18. For eighteen months, soil moisture, soil temperature, and CO2 measurements were taken through the collars of pipes located within each plots. These measurements were used to determine total flux and other statisitcal information in order to better understand these forest processes.
Goodyera pubescens plant demography from 1999-2003 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Chattahoochee National Forest, and Whitehall Forest
H. Ron Pulliam (University of Georgia Emeritus) established 17 plant demography grids (each between 250 and 480 m2 in size) divided into 2 x 2 m cells in 1999 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35.060037,-83.43044) in Macon County, N.C, Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County (34.51271,-83.47465) and Whitehall Forest in Athens-Clarke County, GA (33.884774,-83.357527). Grids 1-6 located at Coweeta were 20 x 24 m; grids 7-10 located at Chattahoochee were 20 x 24 m, except grid 10 was 10 x 24; grids 11-17 located at Whitehall were 20 x 24 m, except grids 12 and 13 were 10 x 12 m, grid 16 was 20 x 20 m and grid 17 was 12 x 24. Individuals of six plant species occurring in each grid were flagged and monitored in for eight years, 1999-2006, along with soil moisture and temperature (presented in a separate data set). All grids were located in the understory shade environment of deciduous forests in mid- to mature stages of succession (60+ years of growth). Each plant was visited at least twice annually to assess survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity. Survival was based on the presence or absence of a plant as identified by its flagged identification number (per grid and individual). For absent plants, mortality was distinguished from dormancy by leaving flag markers in place and recording the subsequent return of an adult plant to the same location. Growth was based on leaf size. Reproduction was based on the presence of reproductive structures, flowers or fruit, and fecundity was based on the appearance of local seedlings. As dormancy is not uncommon in understory plants, flags were not removed due to the absence of a previously measured plant which allowed for the assessment of dormancy rates upon its potential return. The data contained herein are for Anemone americana (previously Hepatica nobilis), which only occurred in grid cells located at Whitehall.
Hepatica nobilis (Anenome americana) plant demography 1999-2006 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Chattahoochee National Forest, and Whitehall Forest
H. Ron Pulliam (University of Georgia Emeritus) established 17 plant demography grids (each between 250 and 480 m2 in size) divided into 2 x 2 m cells in 1999 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35.060037,-83.43044) in Macon County, N.C, Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County (34.51271,-83.47465) and Whitehall Forest in Athens-Clarke County, GA (33.884774,-83.357527). Grids 1-6 located at Coweeta were 20 x 24 m; grids 7-10 located at Chattahoochee were 20 x 24 m, except grid 10 was 10 x 24; grids 11-17 located at Whitehall were 20 x 24 m, except grids 12 and 13 were 10 x 12 m, grid 16 was 20 x 20 m and grid 17 was 12 x 24. Individuals of six plant species occurring in each grid were flagged and monitored in for eight years, 1999-2006, along with soil moisture and temperature (presented in a separate data set). All grids were located in the understory shade environment of deciduous forests in mid- to mature stages of succession (60+ years of growth). Each plant was visited at least twice annually to assess survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity. Survival was based on the presence or absence of a plant as identified by its flagged identification number (per grid and individual). For absent plants, mortality was distinguished from dormancy by leaving flag markers in place and recording the subsequent return of an adult plant to the same location. Growth was based on leaf size. Reproduction was based on the presence of reproductive structures, flowers or fruit, and fecundity was based on the appearance of local seedlings. As dormancy is not uncommon in understory plants, flags were not removed due to the absence of a previously measured plant which allowed for the assessment of dormancy rates upon its potential return. The data contained herein are for Anemone americana (previously Hepatica nobilis), which only occurred in grid cells located at Whitehall.
Hexastylis arifolia (Asarum canadensis) plant demography 1999-2006 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Chattahoochee National Forest, and Whitehall Forest
H. Ron Pulliam (University of Georgia Emeritus) established 17 plant demography grids (each between 250 and 480 m2 in size) divided into 2 x 2 m cells in 1999 at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (35.060037,-83.43044) in Macon County, N.C, Chattahoochee National Forest in Habersham County (34.51271,-83.47465) and Whitehall Forest in Athens-Clarke County, GA (33.884774,-83.357527). Grids 1-6 located at Coweeta were 20 x 24 m; grids 7-10 located at Chattahoochee were 20 x 24 m, except grid 10 was 10 x 24; grids 11-17 located at Whitehall were 20 x 24 m, except grids 12 and 13 were 10 x 12 m, grid 16 was 20 x 20 m and grid 17 was 12 x 24. Individuals of six plant species occurring in each grid were flagged and monitored in for eight years, 1999-2006, along with soil moisture and temperature (presented in a separate data set). All grids were located in the understory shade environment of deciduous forests in mid- to mature stages of succession (60+ years of growth). Each plant was visited at least twice annually to assess survival, growth, reproduction and fecundity. Survival was based on the presence or absence of a plant as identified by its flagged identification number (per grid and individual). For absent plants, mortality was distinguished from dormancy by leaving flag markers in place and recording the subsequent return of an adult plant to the same location. Growth was based on leaf size. Reproduction was based on the presence of reproductive structures, flowers or fruit, and fecundity was based on the appearance of local seedlings. As dormancy is not uncommon in understory plants, flags were not removed due to the absence of a previously measured plant which allowed for the assessment of dormancy rates upon its potential return. The data contained herein are for Anemone americana (previously Hepatica nobilis), which only occurred in grid cells located at Whitehall.
Soil carbon cycling response to hemlock mortality at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory
We studied the impacts of hemlock mortality from infestation by the hemlock woolly adlegid (HWA) on soil carbon cycling at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. The HWA was first found at Coweeta in 2003. In 2013 and 2014, we re-sampled plots established in an earlier study by Elliott and others. There were 12 20 x 20 m plots: 4 were control hardwood stands, 4 were untreated hemlock communities, and 4 were hemlock that were girdled. We measured soil C and N concentration, soil delta 13 C, exoemzyme activities, root biomass, soil respiration, forest floor mass, and fungal hyphal biomass.
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