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369 results for “Cranial morphology”
Fig. 2 in Differentiation of skull morphology and cranial kinesis in common toads
Fig. 2 Variation in the degree of ossification of the parasphenoid and prootic in common toads. The arrows indicate the adjacent cranial bones for which character states ('connected' or 'unconnected') were scored as follows: prootic to exoccipital (P-E), prootic to squamosal (P-Sq), sphenethmoid to parasphenoid (Sp-Ps), sphenethmoid to palatine (Sp-Pa) and exoccipital to parasphenoid (E-Ps)
Fig. 4 in Differentiation of skull morphology and cranial kinesis in common toads
Fig. 4 The degree of bone connectedness in Bufo bufo skulls illustrated in ventral view. The individuals with different cranial kinesis scores(CK i) are shown as follows: left CKi= 1, middle CK i= 2 and rightCK i = 5. Arrows point to connected bones. The abbreviations are
Fig. 3 in Differentiation of skull morphology and cranial kinesis in common toads
Fig. 3 Bivariate plot on skull shape variables in Bufo bufo (blue symbols) and B. spinosus (red symbols) over the first (PC1) and second axes (PC2) of a principal component analysis, with females shown by solid symbols and males by open symbols. The amount of variation explained over the axes is shown within parentheses. The shape changes along PC axes are summarised by wireframe graphs depicting the dorsal (top row), posterior (middle row) and lateral (bottom row) skull shape. The images of 3D models showing mean skull shape were presented
Plate 15 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 15 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) LACM 23844. Fig. 1. Right surangular in lateral view. The pit (white arrow) visible in the lateral buttress, just above the surangular fenestra, is apparently the result of an injury sustained during life. Fig. 2. Right surangular in medial view. Fig. 3. Left angular in medial view. Fig. 4. Left angular in lateral view. Fig. 5. Left articular in medial view. Fig. 6. Left articular in dorsal view. Scale bars 10 cm.
Plate 14 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 14 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) LACM 23844. Fig. 1. Left splenial, in two pieces not sharing a contact, in lateral view. Fig. 2. Left splenial, in two pieces not sharing a contact, in medial view. Fig. 3. Left prearticular in medial view. Fig. 4. Left prearticular in lateral view. Scale bars 10 cm.
Plate 13 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 13 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) (AMNH 5027 and LACM 23844) and Custer (Montana) (MOR 008). Fig. 1. Stereo view of the right articular of MOR 008 in posterior view, showing the concave posterior face. Fig. 2. Part of the articular surface on the surangular, for the dentary of LACM 23844 in lateral view. Fig. 3. Detail of the dentary-angular contact of AMNH 5027 in lateral view. A metal supporting bracket for the skull passes over this contact. Scale bars 10 cm.
Plate 12 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 12 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) LACM 23844. Fig. 1. Left dentary in medial view. Fig. 2. Left dentary in lateral view. Scale bar 10 cm.
Plate 9 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 9 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) AMNH 5027. Fig. 1. Right epipterygoid.in anterolateral view. 0.6X. Fig. 2. Right epipterygoid in lateral view. The epipterygoid has been displaced forward in this specimen to lay at the back of the left antorbital fenestra. Abbreviations on. specimen: Ec.pt., ectopterygoid; Ep.pt,, epipterygoid; 'La', lachrymal. 0.6 X.
Plate 11 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 11 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Lance Fm., Converse Co. (Wyoming) AMNH 5117. Fig. 1. Braincase in anteroventral view. Fig. 2. Laterosphenoid region of the braincase in oblique lateroventral aspect. Scale bars 10 cm.
Plate 10 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 10 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) LACM 23844, Fig, 1. Stereo view of the dorsal articular surface of the quadrate (for the squamosal). Fig. 2. Left quadrate in anteromedial view. The aperture connecting with the internal chambers is visible at lower right, just above the medial articular condyle. Fig. 3. Stereo view of the right surangular in dorsal view, showing facet interpreted as the attachment area for the M. adductor mandibulae externis supeficialis et medialis. Scale bar 10 cm.
Plate 8 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 8 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) (LACM 23844), and Lance Fm., Converse Co., (Wyoming) (AMNH 5117). Fig. 1. Right pterygoid of LACM 23844 in posterior view. Fig. 2. Right pterygoid of LACM 23844 in lateral view. Fig. 3. Right pterygoid of LACM 23844 in dorsal view. Fig. 4. Articulated frontals and parietals of AMNH 5117 in dorsal view. Scale bars 10 cm.
Plate 7 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 7 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) (CM 9379) and Custer (Montana) (MOR 008), and Lance Fm., Converse Co., (Wyoming) (AMNH 5117). Fig. 1. Occipital face of AMNH 5117. Part of the posterior wall of the paroccipital process has collapsed forward into the internal chamber of that process, thus revealing its presence. Fig. 2. Right half of the occipital face of CM 9379. Fig. 3. Left ectopterygoid of MOR 008 in ventral view. Fig. 4. Right ectopterygoid of MOR 008 in dorsal view. Scale bars 10 cm.
Plate 4 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 4 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) (LACM 23844) and Custer (Montana) (MOR 008) Fig. 1. Right postorbital of LACM 23844 in lateral view. Fig. 2. Right postorbital of LACM 23844 in medial view. Fig. 3. Left postorbital of MOR 008 in lateral view. The prominent eave-like projection over the orbit of MOR 008 may be seen, as well as the low roughening in that area in LACM 23844. Scale bars 10 cm.
Fig. 7 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 7. Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, diagram of right quadrate in anterolateral view. — Based largely on LACM 23844, but also on MOR 008. The known extent and positions of the internal chambers are indicated by dotted lines. 0.3 x.
Plate 2 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 2 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Jordan (Montana) (LACM 23844) and Custer (Montana) (MOR 008). Fig. 1. Right maxilla of LACM 23844 in medial view. Anterodorsal and posterodorsal to the maxillary fenestra the medial walls of the internal chambers are missing, so that they are exposed to view. Only the posterior part of the palatal process is preserved. Fig. 2. Right squamosal of MOR 008 in dorsal view. Anterior is to the left. Fig. 3. Right squamosal of MOR 008 in ventral view. Anterior is to the right. Scale bars 10 cm.
Fig. 9 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 9. Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, reconstruction of the skull in ventral view. A. Ventral aspect as given by Osborn (1912). Positions of the jugal flexure in SDSM 12047 indicated by arrow. B. Reconstruction proposed here. Scale bar 30 cm.
Plate 6 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Plate 6 Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, Hell Creek Fm., Custer (Montana), MOR 008. Fig. 1. Right palatine in lateral view. Fig. 2. Right palatine in ventral view. Fig. 3. Right palatine in dorsal view. The anterolateral portion of this element has been broken away. Scale bars 10 cm.
Fig. 2. Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, LACM 23844 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 2. Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, LACM 23844, right maxilla represented diagramatically in medial view. — The exposed sinus chambers may be seen just anterodorsal (a, b and c; the anteriormost is not lettered) and posterodorsal (d) to the maxillary fenestra. The presumed tooth impressions (1, 2 and 3) may also be seen anteriorly, just below the. broken palatal process. 0.3x.
Fig. 6 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 6. Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, reconstruction of the right pterygoid. — A. Lateral view. B. Dorsal view. Based on LACM 23844 and MOR 008. The extent and form of the anterior and lateral processes are unknown. Scale bar 10 cm.
Fig. 1. Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, LACM 23844 in The Cranial Morphology of Tyrannosaurus rex
Fig. 1. Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn, LACM 23844, right premaxilla. — A. Medial view. B. Posterior view. C. Lateral view. D. Ventral view. Dotted lines indicate broken nasal process. 0.3 X.
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