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40 results for “Dendrinidae”
Fig. 7 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.
Fig. 3 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.
Fig. 13 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 13. Calcideletrix anomala (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov. A. Original glass negative of the lost holotype from an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B–C. Overview and closeup of the neotype from the same type locality and horizon; the centre of the colony is partly obscured by a deeper tier of Dendrina ispp. D. A large specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany. E–F. SEM planar and oblique views of an epoxy cast of the same specimen.
Fig. 10 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 10. Clionolithes convexus (Hofmann, 1996) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype in planar view, oblique view and a detail, preserved in an epoxy cast from an Upper Cretaceous Ostrea shell from the Swedish island Ivö. Note the prominent initial tunnel with a slightly hairy texture leading to the main trunk of the trace.
Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).
Fig. 14 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 14. Calcideletrix fastigata (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype (together with fungal trace Saccomorpha clava Radtke, 1991) in an epoxy cast of an Oligocene Pecten bivalve shell from the Niederrheinische Bucht, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates the fine rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface. Close-up in C shows framboidal pyrite spheres (fossil fungal spores?) embedded within the resin. D–F. Large paralectotype in a cast of an Oligocene Ostrea bivalve shell from the same locality. Close-up in E exhibits the alternating bifurcation pattern of very fine peripheral galleries. Closeup in F shows the centre of the trace with further framboidal pyrite aggregates; epoxy resin was hindered in penetrating the cavity due to calcite spar (now dissolved).
Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).
Fig. 1 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).
Table 1 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Studied material, listed by original ichnotaxon nomen and in order of publication date, with specification of collection, inventory number and investigation methods. Present type assignments: H = holotype, P = paratype, L = lectotype, PL = paralectotype(s), S = syntype(s), N = neotype. Inventory numbers from the Institut für Geowissenschaften, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt include the sample code on the stub in brackets. Continued on next page.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Publication</b></th><th><b>Ichnotaxon</b></th><th><b>Inventory numbers</b></th><th><b>Collection</b></th><th><b>Comments</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>von Hagenow</th><td><i>Talpina ramosa</i></td><td>MB.Po 2128.1 (L)</td><td>Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin,</td><td>loaned for</td></tr><tr><th>(1840)</th><td>T. solitaria Talpina ramosa</td><td>MB.W. 0864 (L+PL) MMG: MvK 530 (PL)</td><td>Germany Senckenberg Naturhistorische</td><td><i>macrophotography and microscopy</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>T. solitaria</i></td><td>MMG: MvK 532 (PL)</td><td>Sammlungen, Dresden, Germany</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>von Hagenow</th><td><i>Talpina foliacea</i></td><td>MB.Po 2130.1–3 (S)</td><td>Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin,</td><td>loaned for</td></tr><tr><th>(unpubl.)</th><td>T. sentiformis Talpina foliacea</td><td>MB.W. 0866 (S) MMG: MvK 529 (S)</td><td>Germany Senckenberg Naturhistorische</td><td><i>macrophotography and microscopy</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>T. sentiformis</i></td><td>MMG: MvK 530 (S)</td><td>Sammlungen, Dresden, Germany</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Morris (1851)</th><td><i>Talpina dendrina</i></td><td>PI A 559 (L+PL)</td><td>Natural History Museum,</td><td>loaned for</td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td>London, UK</td><td>macrophotography, microscopy and μCT</td></tr><tr><th>Clarke (1908)</th><td><i>Clionolithes radicans</i></td><td>6702 (L+PL) 6700 (PL) 6701</td><td>New York State Museum, New York, USA</td><td>series of images provided by collection manager</td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>C. palmatus</i></td><td>6697 (L)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>6698 (PL)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Thomas (1911)</th><td><i>Clionolithes hackberryensis</i></td><td>2807, 2808, 2809, 2810 (S)</td><td>Palaeontology depository, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA</td><td>loaned for microscopy</td></tr><tr><th>Lees & Thomas (1918)</th><td><i>Clionolithes lizardensis</i></td><td>2811, 2812, 2813 (S)</td><td>Palaeontology depository, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA</td><td>loaned for microscopy</td></tr><tr><th>Ruedemann (1925)</th><td><i>Clionolithes quaerens</i></td><td>6699 (H)</td><td>New York State Museum, Albany, USA</td><td>series of images provided by collection manager</td></tr><tr><th>Fenton & Fenton</th><td><i>Clionolithes fossiger</i></td><td>4811 (H)</td><td>Carnegie Museum of Natural</td><td>series of images</td></tr><tr><th>(1932)</th><td><i>C. hackberryensis</i></td><td>4810, 4812 (P) 4804, 4805, 4806, 4807, 4808, 4809</td><td>History, Pittsburgh, USA</td><td>provided by collection manager</td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Clionolithes irregularis</i></td><td>PAL 84693 (H)</td><td>Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC, USA</td><td>loaned for microscopy</td></tr><tr><th>Mägdefrau</th><td><i>Dendrina belemniticola</i></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.IV.1 (L)</td><td>Institut für Geowissenschaften</td><td>loaned for</td></tr><tr><th>(1937)</th><td></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.IV.6 MLU.Mäg1937.IV.8</td><td>und Geographie, Halle, Germany</td><td>macrophotography, microscopy and scans of glass negatives</td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>D. anomala</i></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.IV. 5 (H) (glass negative only)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.IV.10 (N)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>D. incomposita</i></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.IV.2 (L+PL)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>D. minor</i></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.IV.3 (S)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Calcideletrix flexuosa</i></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.IV.4 (H)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>C. breviramosa</i></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.IV.9 (H)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Dictyoporus nodosus</i></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.IV.10 (H)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>Abeliella riccioides</i></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.V.1 (L+PL)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>A. procera</i></td><td>MLU.Mäg1937.V.2 (L+PL)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Solle (1938)</th><td><i>Olkenbachia hirsuta</i></td><td>XXVI 165 a, d, e, f, i (3x), n (4x), s (3x) (P)</td><td>Senckenberg, Frankfurt, Germany</td><td>photographed at collection and/or loaned</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>O. pannosa O. simplex</td><td>XXVI 166a (H) XXVI 167a (H)</td><td></td><td><i>for microscopy and SEM</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>" Chondrites " symmetricus</i></td><td>XXX 415a (H)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td>XXX 415b (P)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>"C." multifilum</i></td><td>XXX 414b (P)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Talent (1963)</th><td><i>Clionolithes sollei</i></td><td>P60575 (H+P)</td><td>Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia</td><td>series of images provided by collection manager</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 4 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
<p><b>Table 4.</b> Compilation of informally named records of dendrinid microborings (in order of publication), together with the identifications based on the revised dendrinid ichnotaxonomy.? = uncertain; p = partim. Continued on next page.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Informal name</b></th><th><b>Publication</b></th><th><b>Identification</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Spinate Microborings</th><td>Edwards & Perkins (1974)</td><td>? <i>Rhopalondendrina contra</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Spinate boring form</th><td>Zeff & Perkins (1979)</td><td>? <i>Rhopalondendrina acanthina</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Algal form B</th><td>Budd & Perkins (1980)</td><td>? <i>Calcideletrix fastigata</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Sponge form B</th><td>Budd & Perkins (1980)</td><td>? <i>Rhopalondendrina acanthina</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Morfotipo B2</th><td>Mayoral (1988)</td><td>? <i>Calcideletrix fastigata</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Morfotipo B3</th><td>Mayoral (1988)</td><td>? <i>Calcideletrix fastigata</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Morfotipo B4</th><td>Mayoral (1988)</td><td>? <i>Pyrodendrina villosa</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Morfotipo B5</th><td>Mayoral (1988)</td><td><i>= Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>J-Form C-1</th><td>Glaub (1988)</td><td><i>= Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>J-Form C-2</th><td>Glaub (1988)</td><td>? <i>Entobia</i> isp.</td></tr><tr><th>J-Form F-4</th><td>Glaub (1988)</td><td><i>= Rhopalondendrina avis</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Sponge, Form 1</th><td>Günther (1990)</td><td>= <i>Rhopalondendrina tigris</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Rosetten-Form B</th><td>Hofmann & Vogel (1992)</td><td>= <i>Calcideletrix anomala</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Rosetten-Form D</th><td>Hofmann & Vogel (1992)</td><td>= <i>Dendrina belemniticola</i></td></tr><tr><th>Rosetten-Form E</th><td>Hofmann & Vogel (1992)</td><td>= <i>Dendrina belemniticola</i></td></tr><tr><th>Rosetten-Form G</th><td>Hofmann & Vogel (1992)</td><td>= <i>Calcideletrix flexuosa</i></td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid-Form I</th><td>Schmidt (1992)</td><td>? <i>Entobia</i> isp.</td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid-Form II</th><td>Schmidt (1992)</td><td>? <i>Clionolithes radicans</i></td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid-Form III</th><td>Schmidt (1992)</td><td>? <i>Rhopalondendrina acanthina</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Echinoid form</th><td>Radtke (1993)</td><td>= <i>Rhopalondendrina tigris</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th><i>Cliona</i> sp. 1</th><td>Schmidt & Freiwald (1993)</td><td><i>= Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Semidendrina-Form</th><td>Glaub (1994)</td><td><i>= Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Fastigatdendrina-Form</th><td>Glaub (1994)</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>Rhopalondendrina-Form</th><td>Glaub (1994)</td><td>= <i>Rhopalondendrina avis</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th><i>Entobia</i> -Form 2</th><td>Glaub (1994)</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>J-Form C-2</th><td>Glaub & Schmidt (1994)</td><td>? <i>Entobia</i> isp.</td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid-Form II</th><td>Glaub & Schmidt (1994)</td><td>? <i>Clionolithes radicans</i></td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid-Form III</th><td>Glaub & Schmidt (1994)</td><td>? <i>Rhopalondendrina acanthina</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Rosetten-Form</th><td>Glaub & Schmidt (1994)</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>Rosetten-Form A</th><td>Hofmann (1996)</td><td>? (p) <i>Dendrina dendrina</i></td></tr><tr><th>Fastigatdendrina-Form</th><td>Bundschuh (2000)</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid-Form A</th><td>Bundschuh (2000)</td><td>= <i>Dictyoporus nodosus</i></td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid-Form B</th><td>Bundschuh (2000)</td><td>? <i>Clionolithes radicans</i></td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid-Form C</th><td>Bundschuh (2000)</td><td>= <i>Dictyoporus nodosus</i></td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid-Form D</th><td>Bundschuh (2000)</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>Piatella-Form</th><td>Bundschuh (2000)</td><td>? <i>Dendrina lacerata</i></td></tr><tr><th>Rhopalodendrina form</th><td>Vogel & Marincovich (2004)</td><td>? <i>Rhopalondendrina avis</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Echinoid Form</th><td>Glaub (2004)</td><td>= <i>Rhopalondendrina tigris</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th><i>Semidendrina</i> Form</th><td>Beuck & Freiwald (2005)</td><td><i>= Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Foraminiferan trace</th><td>Försterra <i>et al.</i> (2005)</td><td><i>= Pyrodendrina villosa</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Rosette A</th><td>Tapanila (2005)</td><td><i>= Pyrodendrina cupra</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Semidendrina</i> -form</th><td>Bromley (2005)</td><td><i>= Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Non-camerate radiating form</th><td>Bromley (2005)</td><td>= <i>Pyrodendrina villosa</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Hirsute camerate form</th><td>Bromley (2005)</td><td>? <i>Pyrodendrina villosa</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th><i>Semidendrina</i> Form</th><td>Wisshak <i>et al.</i> (2005a)</td><td>= <i>Pyrodendrina villosa</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th><i>Semidendrina</i> -form</th><td>Wisshak <i>et al.</i> (2005b)</td><td><i>= Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Sponge form II</th><td>Wisshak <i>et al.</i> (2005a)</td><td>= <i>Pyrodendrina villosa</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Sponge form VI</th><td>Wisshak <i>et al.</i> (2005a)</td><td>? <i>Pyrodendrina arctica</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Rosette-shaped borings</th><td>Botquelen & Mayoral (2005)</td><td>? Clionolithes radicans</td></tr><tr><th><i>Semidendrina</i> -form</th><td>Wisshak (2006)</td><td><i>=</i> (p) <i>Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Microsponge-form 2</th><td>Wisshak (2006)</td><td>= <i>Pyrodendrina villosa</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Microsponge-form 6</th><td>Wisshak (2006)</td><td>? <i>Pyrodendrina arctica</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th><i>Semidendrina</i> -form</th><td>Wisshak & Rüggeberg (2006)</td><td><i>= Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th><i>Semidendrina</i> -form</th><td>Santos & Mayoral (2008)</td><td><i>= Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th><i>Semidendrina</i> -form</th><td>Pereira <i>et al.</i> (2009)</td><td>? <i>Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid Form 1</th><td>Vogel & Brett (2009)</td><td>? <i>Clionolithes cervicornis</i></td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid Form 2</th><td>Vogel & Brett (2009)</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>Mini-Meander Form</th><td>Vogel & Brett (2009)</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>Foraminiferan Form</th><td>Beuck <i>et al.</i> (2010)</td><td>= (p) <i>Pyrodendrina villosa</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Bunched whips form</th><td>Wisshak <i>et al.</i> (2011)</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid form 1</th><td>Wisshak <i>et al.</i> (2011)</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th>Dendroid form 2</th><td>Wisshak <i>et al.</i> (2011)</td><td>= <i>Rhopalondendrina acanthina</i> isp. nov.</td></tr><tr><th>Morphotype 4</th><td>Seuss <i>et al.</i> (2015)</td><td>?</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 3 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
<p><b>Table 3.</b> Revised suite of ichnotaxa (in order of original ichnogenus and ichnospecies establishment; type ichnospecies marked by asterisk) comprised within the ichnofamily Dendrinidae, and the most relevant diagnostic ichnogeneric feature(s).</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Ichnotaxon</b></th><th><b>Most relevant diagnostic features</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th><i>Dendrina</i> Quenstedt, 1849</th><td>Thin inlet tunnel leads to substrate parallel, circumradial, rosetted cavity</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. dendrina</i> (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. *</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. belemniticola</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. lacerata</i> Hofmann, 1996</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Clionolithes</i> Clarke, 1908</th><td>Tapering, ramified galleries radiating from dome-shaped central cavity</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. radicans</i> Clarke, 1908 *</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. palmatus</i> Clarke, 1908</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. pannosus</i> (Solle, 1938) comb. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. cervicornis</i> (Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987)</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. alcicornis</i> (Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987) comb. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. convexus</i> (Hofmann, 1996) comb. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Calcideletrix</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>Strongly ramified with prostrate, tapering, rarely anastomosing galleries</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. flexuosa</i> Mägdefrau, 1937 *</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. breviramosa</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. anomala</i> (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. fastigata</i> (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dictyoporus</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>Reticulate channel or tunnel network with high degree of anastomosis</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. nodosus</i> Mägdefrau, 1937 *</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. balani</i> (Tavernier <i>et al.</i>, 1992) comb. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Abeliella</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>Strictly dichotomously ramifying prostrate trace in osteic substrates</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><i>A. riccioides</i> Mägdefrau, 1937 *</th></tr><tr><th><i>A. procera</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Nododendrina</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th><td>Vertical node with one or several anastomosing and prostrate plexuses</td></tr><tr><th><i>N. europaea</i> (Fischer, 1875) comb. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>N. incomposita</i> (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>N. paleodendrica</i> (Elias, 1957) comb. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>N. nodosa</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987 *</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Pyrodendrina</i> Tapanila, 2008</th><td>Vertically tapering galleries emerging from a prostrate, ramifying cavity</td></tr><tr><th><i>P. cupra</i> Tapanila, 2008 *</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. arctica</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. belua</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. villosa</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Rhopalondendrina</i> igen. nov.</th><td>Oblique–arcuate inlet tunnel leading to semi-circular, prostrate plexus</td></tr><tr><th><i>R. avis</i> isp. nov. *</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>R. acanthina</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. contra</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. tigris</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>Antodendrina</i> igen. nov.</th><td>Distinctly widening lobes radiating from a central cavity or depression</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2"><i>A. ligula</i> isp. nov. *</th></tr></tbody></table>
Table 2 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
<p><b>Table 2.</b> Continued from previous page. Continued on next page.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Ichnotaxon</th><th><b>Ichnotaxonomical assessment / revision and status</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th><i>D. fodicans</i> Étallon in Th. & Ét., 1864</th><td>= inadequate illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. dumosa</i> Étallon in Th. & Ét., 1864</th><td>= inadequate illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. ramulifera</i> Étallon in Th. & Ét., 1864</th><td>= inadequate illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. europoea</i> Fischer, 1875</th><td>= <i>Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov. (corrected spelling) <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. belemniticola</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. anomala</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>= <i>Calcideletrix anomala</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. incomposita</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>= <i>Nododendrina incomposita</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. minor</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Nododendrina incomposita</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. crassa</i> Hofmann, 1996</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dendrina dendrina</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. fluensis</i> Hofmann, 1996</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dendrina dendrina</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. orbiculata</i> Hofmann, 1996</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dendrina belemniticola <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. constans</i> Hofmann, 1996</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dendrina belemniticola <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. lacerata</i> Hofmann, 1996</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. brachiopodicola</i> Hofmann, 1996</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Calcideletrix flexuosa <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. ordoplana</i> Plewes, 1996</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dendrina dendrina</i> in unpublished thesis <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pyritonema</i> McCoy, 1850</th><td>= hexactinellid sponge body fossils <i>Ģ</i> no dendrinids</td></tr><tr><th><i>P.</i>? <i>gigas</i> Fritsch, 1908</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Clionolithes radicans <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Cobalia</i> Étallon, 1859</th><td>= based on <i>nomina dubia <i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. jurensis</i> Étallon, 1859</th><td>= without illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. grayensis</i> Étallon, 1964</th><td>= without illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Haguenowia</i> Étallon, 1859</th><td>= based on <i>nomina dubia <i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>H. calloviensis</i> Étallon, 1859</th><td>= without illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>H. oxfordiensis</i> Étallon, 1864</th><td>= without illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>H. minima</i> Étallon in Th. & Ét., 1864</th><td>= inadequate illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>H. kelloviana</i> Étallon, 1864</th><td>= without illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Clionolithes</i> Clarke, 1908</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. priscus</i> (McCoy, 1855)</th><td>= <i>Palaeosabella prisca <i>Ģ</i> not a dendrinid</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. radicans</i> Clarke, 1908</th><td>= type ichnospecies <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. reptans</i> Clarke, 1908</th><td>= <i>Filuroda reptans <i>Ģ</i> not a dendrinid</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. palmatus</i> Clarke, 1908</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. hackberryensis</i> (Thomas, 1911)</th><td>= <i>Talpina hackberryensis</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> not a dendrinid</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. canna</i> Price, 1916</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Talpina hackberryensis</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>lizardensis</i> Lees & Thomas, 1918</th><td>= <i>Talpina lizardensis</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> not a dendrinid</td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>quaerens</i> Ruedemann, 1925</th><td>= unidentified tubular epilith <i>Ģ</i> not a bioerosion trace</td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>fossiger</i> Fenton & Fenton 1932</th><td>= senior synonym of <i>Arachnostega gastrochaenae <i>Ģ</i> not a bioerosion trace</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>irregularis</i> Fenton & Fenton 1932</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Talpina hackberryensis</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>pricei</i> Branson, 1937</th><td>= inadequate illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>implicatus</i> Hyde, 1953</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Palaeosabella prisca <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>ramosus</i> Hyde, 1953</th><td>= unidentified tubular boring with affinity to <i>Talpina <i>Ģ</i> not a dendrinid</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i>? <i>rectus</i> Hyde, 1953</th><td>= <i>Trifurcus</i> (<i>nomen nudum</i>) <i>rectus <i>Ģ</i> not a dendrinid</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>hunanensis</i> Chow, 1957</th><td>= inadequate illustration and holotype currently lost <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>sollei</i> Talent, 1963</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Clionolithes palmatus <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>bullahirsuta</i> Plewes, 1996</th><td>= in unpublished PhD Thesis <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen nudum <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Calcideletrix</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>flexuosa</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>= type ichnospecies <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>C.</i> <i>breviramosa</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 6 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
<p><b>Table 6.</b> Revised suite of ichnotaxa and their stratigraphical range in the Phanerozoic. T = occurrence of holotype; P = published occurrence; N = new occurrence;? = uncertain record; - - = occurrence inferred from older or younger records; -?- = uncertain occurrence inferred from uncertain older or younger records; * = type ichnospecies; ** = certain or inferred from certain occurrences only.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Ichnotaxon</b></th><th colspan="16"><b>Cambrian Ordovician Silurian Devonian Carboniferous Permian Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous Paleocene Eocene Oligocene Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene Holocene-Recent</b></th></tr><tr><th colspan="17"><i>Dendrina</i> Quenstedt, 1849</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th><i>D. dendrina</i> (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. *</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. belemniticola</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. lacerata</i> Hofmann, 1996</th><td></td><td></td><td>P?</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="17"><i>Clionolithes</i> Clarke, 1908</th></tr><tr><th><i>C. radicans</i> Clarke, 1908 *</th><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td>T</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>P?</td><td>-?-</td><td>P?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. palmatus</i> Clarke, 1908</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. pannosus</i> (Solle, 1938) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>P?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. cervicornis</i> (Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. alcicornis</i> (Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. convexus</i> (Hofmann, 1996) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="17"><i>Calcideletrix</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th></tr><tr><th><i>C. flexuosa</i> Mägdefrau, 1937 *</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>P</td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. breviramosa</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. anomala</i> (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td>T</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>P?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. fastigata</i> (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>P</td><td>T</td><td>-?-</td><td>P?</td><td>-?-</td><td>P?</td></tr><tr><th colspan="17"><i>Dictyoporus</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th></tr><tr><th><i>D. nodosus</i> Mägdefrau, 1937 *</th><td></td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>- -</td><td>P</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>P</td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. balani</i> (Tavernier <i>et al.</i>, 1992) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P?</td><td>T</td><td>- -</td><td>P</td></tr><tr><th colspan="17"><i>Abeliella</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th></tr><tr><th><i>A. riccioides</i> Mägdefrau, 1937 *</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>A. procera</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="17"><i>Nododendrina</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th></tr><tr><th><i>N. europaea</i> (Fischer, 1875) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>- -</td><td>P?</td><td>- -</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>T</td></tr><tr><th><i>N. incomposita</i> (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td>P?</td><td>-?-</td><td>P</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>P</td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>N. paleodendrica</i> (Elias, 1957) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>N. nodosa</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987 *</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>- -</td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="17"><i>Pyrodendrina</i> Tapanila, 2008</th></tr><tr><th><i>P. cupra</i> Tapanila, 2008 *</th><td></td><td>P</td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. arctica</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>?</td><td>T</td></tr><tr><th><i>P. belua</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. villosa</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>T</td><td>N</td></tr><tr><th colspan="17"><i>Rhopalondendrina</i> igen. nov.</th></tr><tr><th><i>R. avis</i> igen. et isp. nov. *</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td>N</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>N?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>R. acanthina</i> igen. et isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>?P</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>T</td><td>N</td></tr><tr><th><i>P. contra</i> igen. et isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td>-?-</td><td>-?-</td><td>?</td></tr><tr><th><i>P. tigris</i> igen. et isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td></tr><tr><th colspan="17"><i>Antodendrina</i> igen. nov.</th></tr><tr><th><i>A. ligula</i> igen. et isp. nov. *</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Total number per period or series**:</th><td>0</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>10</td><td>13</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>6</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 2 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
<p><b>Table 2.</b> Compilation of all ichnotaxa (in order of original ichnogenus and ichnospecies establishment)that have been proposed for dendrinid microborings, and the corresponding assignations and nomenclatural acts of the present revision. Continued on next two pages.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Ichnotaxon</b></th><th><b>Ichnotaxonomical assessment / revision and status</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th><i>Cliona</i> Grant, 1826</th><td><i>Ģ</i> sponge biotaxon and no dendrinids, except for the following ichnotaxa</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. paleodendrica</i> Elias, 1957</th><td>= <i>Nododendrina paleodendrica</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>C. stellata</i> Elias, 1957</th><td>= inadequate illustration and holotype currently lost <i>Ģ nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. fenestralis</i> Elias, 1957</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dictyoporus nodosus <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Talpina</i> von Hagenow, 1840</th><td><i>Ģ</i> no dendrinids, except for the following ichnotaxa</td></tr><tr><th><i>T. sentiformis</i> von Hagenow</th><td>= <i>Calcideletrix flexuosa</i> but unpublished <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen nudum <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>T. foliacea</i> von Hagenow</th><td>= <i>Dendrina belemniticola</i> but unpublished <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen nudum <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>T. rotunda</i> Müller, 1851</th><td>= without proper description or illustration <i>Ģ nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>T. dendrina</i> Morris, 1851</th><td>= <i>Dendrina dendrina</i> comb. nov. = type ichnospecies of <i>Dendrina <i>Ģ</i> valid</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Dendrina</i> Quenstedt, 1849</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. elongata</i> Étallon, 1859</th><td>= without illustration and holotype currently lost <i>Ģ nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. scoparia</i> Étallon, 1859</th><td>= without illustration and holotype currently lost <i>Ģ nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. stellata</i> Étallon, 1859</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dendrina dendrina</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. lichenoidea</i> Étallon, 1864</th><td>= without illustration and holotype currently lost <i>Ģ nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. gracilis</i> Étallon, 1864</th><td>= without illustration and holotype currently lost <i>Ģ nomen dubium</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. punctata</i> Étallon in Th. & Ét., 1864</th><td>= inadequate illustration and holotype currently lost <i>Ģ</i> nomen dubium</td></tr><tr><th><i>Dictyoporus</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. nodosus</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>= type ichnospecies <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>D. garsonensis</i> Elias, 1980</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dictyoporus nodosus <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Abeliella</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. riccioides</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>= type ichnospecies <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. procera</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. bellafurca</i> Radtke <i>et al.</i>, 2010</th><td>= <i>Fascichnus bellafurcus</i> comb. nov. (corrected spelling) <i>Ģ</i> not a dendrinid</td></tr><tr><th><i>Olkenbachia</i> Solle, 1938</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Clionolithes <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>O. hirsuta</i> Solle, 1938</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Clionolithes radicans <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>O. pannosa</i> Solle, 1938</th><td>= <i>Clionolithes pannosus</i> comb. nov. (corrected spelling) <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>O. simplex</i> Solle, 1938</th><td>= poorly preserved <i>Clionolithes radicans <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>“ Chondrites ”</i> Solle, 1938</th><td>= provisional ichnogenus assignation only <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>“C.” symmetricus</i> Solle, 1938</th><td>= cf. <i>Clionolithes cervicornis</i> and brachiopod muscle scar <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>“C.” multifilum</i> Solle, 1938</th><td>= mould of bryozoan or mineralisation and not a bioerosion trace <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>Repentella</i> Müller, 1968</th><td>= moulds of epiliths = not a trace fossil <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>R. maior</i> Müller, 1968</th><td>= mould of an epilith = not a trace fossil <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>R. fragilis</i> Müller, 1968</th><td>= mould of an epilith = not a trace fossil <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>Cicatricula</i> Palmer & Palmer, 1977</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dictyoporus <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. retiformis</i> Palmer & Palmer, 1977</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dictyoporus nodosus <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Radiarites</i> Ghare, 1982</th><td>= diagenetic reduction halos <i>Ģ</i> not a fossil <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen nudum <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>R. minutus</i> Ghare, 1982</th><td>= diagenetic reduction halos <i>Ģ</i> not a fossil <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen nudum <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Platydendrina</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Clionolithes <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. platycentrum</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Clionolithes pannosus</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>P. convexa</i> Hofmann, 1996</th><td>= <i>Clionolithes convexus</i> comb. nov. (corrected spelling) <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>Ramodendrina</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Clionolithes <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>R. cervicornis</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th><td>= <i>Clionolithes cervicornis <i>Ģ</i> valid</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>R. alcicornis</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th><td><i>= Clionolithes alcicornis</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>Nododendrina</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>N. nodosa</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th><td>= type ichnospecies <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>Hyellomorpha</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Nododendrina <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>H. microdendritica</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Nododendrina incomposita</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>H. acuminata</i> Tavernier & Golubic, 1993</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>H. magna</i> Tavernier & Golubic, 1993</th><td>=? <i>Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov. or? <i>Fascichnus grandis <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>H. cheimadendritica</i> Plewes, 1996</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Nododendrina nodosa</i> in unpublished thesis <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>Polyactina</i> Radtke, 1991</th><td><i>Ģ</i> no dendrinids, except for the following taxon</td></tr><tr><th><i>P. fastigata</i> Radtke, 1991</th><td>= <i>Calcideletrix fastigata</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>Dendrorete</i> Tavernier <i>et al.</i>, 1992</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Dictyoporus <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. balani</i> Tavernier <i>et al.</i>, 1992</th><td>= <i>Dictyoporus balani</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>Globodendrina</i> Plewes <i>et al.</i>, 1993</th><td>= foraminiferan body fossil (producer of <i>N. europaea</i>) <i>Ģ</i> not a dendrinid</td></tr><tr><th><i>G. monile</i> Plewes <i>et al.</i>, 1993</th><td>= foraminiferan body fossil (producer of <i>N. europaea</i>) <i>Ģ</i> not a dendrinid</td></tr><tr><th><i>Granarborus</i> Plewes, 1996</th><td>= in unpublished PhD thesis <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen nudum <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>G. teicherti</i> Plewes, 1996</th><td>= in unpublished PhD thesis <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen nudum <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>G. nervosus</i> Plewes, 1996</th><td>= in unpublished PhD thesis <i><i>Ģ</i> nomen nudum <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>Semidendrina</i> Bromley <i>et al.</i>, 2007</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Nododendrina <i>Ģ</i> rejected</i></td></tr><tr><th><i>S. pulchra</i> Bromley <i>et al.</i>, 2007</th><td>= junior synonym of <i>Nododendrina europaea</i> comb. nov. <i>Ģ</i> rejected</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pyrodendrina</i> Tapanila, 2008</th><td><i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr><tr><th><i>P. cupra</i> Tapanila, 2008</th><td>= type ichnospecies <i>Ģ</i> valid</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 5 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
<p><b>Table 5.</b> Revised suite of ichnotaxa and the substrate types they were documented from. T = substrate of holotype; P = published substrate type; N = new substrate type;? = uncertain record; * = type ichnospecies; ** = certain records only.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Ichnotaxon</b></th><th colspan="2"><b>Belemnite Aptychus</b></th><th><b>Bivalve</b></th><th colspan="6"><b>Gastropod Brachiopod Cirriped Serpulid Trilobite Coral</b></th><th><b>Echinoderm</b></th><th><b>Hardground</b></th><th colspan="3"><b>Fish tooth Fish scale Fish bone</b></th></tr><tr><th colspan="15"><i>Dendrina</i> Quenstedt, 1849</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th><i>D. dendrina</i> (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. *</th><td>T</td><td>N</td><td>P</td><td></td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td></td><td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. belemniticola</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>T</td><td></td><td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. lacerata</i> Hofmann, 1996</th><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td></td><td>N</td><td>P?</td><td>P?</td><td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="15"><i>Clionolithes</i> Clarke, 1908</th></tr><tr><th><i>C. radicans</i> Clarke, 1908 *</th><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. palmatus</i> Clarke, 1908</th><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. pannosus</i> (Solle, 1938) comb. nov.</th><td>P?</td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. cervicornis</i> (Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. alcicornis</i> (Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987) comb. nov.</th><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. convexus</i> (Hofmann, 1996) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="15"><i>Calcideletrix</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th></tr><tr><th><i>C. flexuosa</i> Mägdefrau, 1937 *</th><td>T</td><td>N</td><td>P</td><td></td><td>P</td><td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. breviramosa</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. anomala</i> (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov.</th><td>T</td><td>N</td><td>P</td><td></td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>C. fastigata</i> (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="15"><i>Dictyoporus</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th></tr><tr><th><i>D. nodosus</i> Mägdefrau, 1937 *</th><td>T</td><td></td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td></td><td>N</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td></td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>D. balani</i> (Tavernier <i>et al.</i>, 1992) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="15"><i>Abeliella</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th></tr><tr><th><i>A. riccioides</i> Mägdefrau, 1937 *</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td>T</td><td>P</td></tr><tr><th><i>A. procera</i> Mägdefrau, 1937</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td>T</td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="15"><i>Nododendrina</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987</th></tr><tr><th><i>N. europaea</i> (Fischer, 1875) comb. nov.</th><td>P</td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>N. incomposita</i> (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov.</th><td>P</td><td></td><td>N</td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td>P?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>N. paleodendrica</i> (Elias, 1957) comb. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>N. nodosa</i> Vogel <i>et al.</i>, 1987 *</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="15"><i>Pyrodendrina</i> Tapanila, 2008</th></tr><tr><th><i>P. cupra</i> Tapanila, 2008 *</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. arctica</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. belua</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. villosa</i> isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="15"><i>Rhopalondendrina</i> igen. nov.</th></tr><tr><th><i>R. avis</i> igen. et isp. nov. *</th><td>T</td><td></td><td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>N</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>R. acanthina</i> igen. et isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>P?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. contra</i> igen. et isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th><i>P. tigris</i> igen. et isp. nov.</th><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th colspan="15"><i>Antodendrina</i> igen. nov.</th></tr><tr><th><i>A. ligula</i> igen. et isp. nov. *</th><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Total number per substrate type**:</th><td>12</td><td>3</td><td>21</td><td>4</td><td>15</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>1</td><td>7</td><td>4</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td></tr></tbody></table>
Fig. 27 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 27 (page 70). Rhopalondendrina avis igen. et isp. nov. A–E. Series of paratypes (A–D) and the holotype (E) showing the development from early ontogenetic stages to advanced stages with several orders of ramification and rosette-shaped plexus with typical increase of tunnel diameter and widening towards the periphery of the trace. SEM of epoxy casts of Lower Jurassic belemnites from the Glasenbach Gorge, Austria. F. Oblique view of C, showing arched nature of initial tunnel (arrow at left). G. SEM of an early ontogenetic stage of a specimen in an Upper Campanian belemnite from Kronsmoor, Germany. H. SEM of a more irregularly branching specimen in a belemnite from the Lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany. I–K. Overview and two close-ups of a typical cluster in a belemnite from the Lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany.
Fig. 24. Pyrodendrina arctica isp. nov. A–B in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 24. Pyrodendrina arctica isp. nov. A–B. SEM planar and side views of the holotype found in epoxy cast of a shell of the bivalve Chlamys islandica (O.F. Müller, 1776) sampled off SW Svalbard. C–D. SEM overview and close-up of the paratype recoded in the same shell. E. SEM of a specimen from another (probably Holocene) bivalve shell sampled at a depth of 78 m in Straumsflaket, near Jan Mayen.
Fig. 22 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 22. Nododendrina nodosa Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of the brachiopod Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. B. A more densely branched and anastomosing growth form in an epoxy cast of Athyris McCoy, 1844 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA.
Fig. 16 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 16. Dictyoporus balani (Tavernier, Campbell & Golubic, 1992) comb. nov. A. SEM of holotype (lower right corner) in an epoxy cast of a Pliocene Balanus shell (reproduced from Tavernier et al. 1992: fig. 1A). B. Close-up of holotype (reproduced from Tavernier et al. 1992: fig. 1D). C. Prostrate peripheral reticulum with rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface (reproduced from Tavernier et al. 1992: fig. 2B).
Fig. 2 in Taming an ichnotaxonomical Pandora's box: revision of dendritic and rosetted microborings (ichnofamily: Dendrinidae)
Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label "d"; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris' original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.
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