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65 results for “Dispersal ability”
Data from: Dispersal ability and habitat requirements determine landscape-level genetic patterns in desert aquatic insects
Species occupying the same geographic range can exhibit remarkably different population structures across the landscape, ranging from highly diversified to panmictic. Given limitations on collecting population-level data for large numbers of species, ecologists seek to identify proximate organismal traits—such as dispersal ability, habitat preference and life history—that are strong predictors of realized population structure. We examined how dispersal ability and habitat structure affect the regional balance of gene flow and genetic drift within three aquatic insects that represent the range of dispersal abilities and habitat requirements observed in desert stream insect communities. For each species, we tested for linear relationships between genetic distances and geographic distances using Euclidean and landscape-based metrics of resistance. We found that the moderate-disperser Mesocapnia arizonensis (Plecoptera: Capniidae) has a strong isolation-by-distance pattern, suggesting migration–drift equilibrium. By contrast, population structure in the flightless Abedus herberti (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) is influenced by genetic drift, while gene flow is the dominant force in the strong-flying Boreonectes aequinoctialis (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). The best-fitting landscape model for M. arizonensis was based on Euclidean distance. Analyses also identified a strong spatial scale-dependence, where landscape genetic methods only performed well for species that were intermediate in dispersal ability. Our results highlight the fact that when either gene flow or genetic drift dominates in shaping population structure, no detectable relationship between genetic and geographic distances is expected at certain spatial scales. This study provides insight into how gene flow and drift interact at the regional scale for these insects as well as the organisms that share similar habitats and dispersal abilities.
Data from: Of niche differentiation, dispersal ability and historical legacies: what drives woody community assembly in recent Mediterranean forests?
Community assembly rules have been extensively studied, but its association with regional environmental variation and land use history remains largely unexplored. Land use history might be especially important in Mediterranean forests, considering their historical deforestation and recent afforestation. Using forest inventories and historical (1956) and recent (2000) land cover maps, we explored the following hypotheses: 1) woody species assembly is driven by environmental factors, but also by historical landscape attributes; 2) recent forests exhibit lower woody species richness than pre-existing due to the existence of colonization credits; 3) these credits are modulated by species' life-forms and dispersal mechanisms. We examined the association of forest historical type (pre-existing versus recent) with total species richness and that of diverse life-forms and dispersal groups, also considering the effects of current environment and past landscape factors. When accounting for these effects, no significant differences in woody species richness were found between forest historical types except for vertebrate-dispersed species. Species richness of this group was affected by the interaction of forest historical type with distance to coast and rainfall: vertebrate-dispersed species richness increased with rainfall and distance to the coast in recent forests, while it was higher in dryer sites in pre-existing forests. In addition, forest historical types showed differences in woody species composition associated to diverse environmental and past landscape factors. In view of these results we can conclude that: 1) community assembly in terms of species richness is fast enough to exhaust most colonization credit in recent Mediterranean forests except for vertebrate-dispersed species; 2) for these species, colonization credit is affected by the interplay of forest history and a set of proxies of niche and landscape constraints of species dispersal and establishment; 3) woody species assemblage is mostly shaped by the species' ecological niches in these forests.
Data from: Phylogeography of Petrolisthes armatus, an invasive species with low dispersal ability
Theoretically, species with high population structure are likely to expand their range, because marginal populations are free to adapt to local conditions; however, meta-analyses have found a negative relation between structure and invasiveness. The crab Petrolisthes armatus has a wide native range, which has expanded in the last three decades. We sequenced 1718 bp of mitochondrial DNA from native and recently established populations to determine the population structure of the former and the origin of the latter. There was phylogenetic separation between Atlantic and eastern Pacific populations, and between east and west Atlantic ones. Haplotypes on the coast of Florida and newly established populations in Georgia and South Carolina belong to a different clade from those from Yucatán to Brazil, though a few haplotypes are shared. In the Pacific, populations from Colombia and Ecuador are highly divergent from those from Panamá and the Sea of Cortez. In general, populations were separated hundreds to million years ago with little subsequent gene flow. High genetic diversity in the newly established populations shows that they were founded by many individuals. Range expansion appears to have been limited by low dispersal rather than lack of ability of marginal populations to adapt to extreme conditions.
Data from: Evidence for high dispersal ability and mito-nuclear discordance in the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus
Understanding dispersal ability in pest species is critical for both theoretical aspects of evolutionary and population biology and from a practical standpoint, such as implementing effective forecasting systems. The small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), is an economically important pest, but few data exist on its dispersal ability. Here, we used mitochondrial and nuclear markers to elucidate the population genetic structure of SBPH and of the parasitic bacterium Wolbachia throughout temperate and subtropical China. Our results showed that the SBPH populations in China lack significant differences in genetic structure, suggesting extensive gene flow. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that Wolbachia infection was systematic and due to the same strain (wStri) within and across populations. However, the mtDNA haplogroups had a nonrandom distribution across the sampling localities, which correlated to latitudinal and climatic gradients. We explain this mito-nuclear discordance as a result of historical population recolonization or mitochondria adaptation to climate.
Data from: Incomplete datasets obscure associations between traits affecting dispersal ability and geographic range size of reef fishes in the Tropical Eastern Pacific
Dispersal is thought to be an important process determining range size, especially for species in highly spatially structured habitats, such as tropical reef fishes. Despite intensive research efforts, there is conflicting evidence about the role of dispersal on determining range size. We hypothesize that traits related to dispersal drive range sizes, but that complete and comprehensive datasets are essential for detecting relationships between species' dispersal ability and range size. We investigate the roles of six traits affecting several stages of dispersal (adult mobility, spawning mode, pelagic larval duration (PLD), body size, aggregation behaviour and circadian activity), in explaining range size variation of reef fishes in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP). All traits, except for PLD (148 species), had data for all 497 species in the region. Using a series of models, we investigated which traits were associated with large range sizes, when analysing all TEP species or only species with PLD data. Furthermore, using null models, we analysed whether the PLD-subset is representative of the regional species pool. Several traits affecting dispersal ability were strongly associated with range size, although these relationships could not be detected when using the PLD-data subset. Pelagic spawners (allowing for passive egg dispersal) had on average 56% larger range sizes than non-pelagic spawners. Species with medium or high adult mobility had on average a 25% or 33% larger range, respectively, than species with low mobility. Null models showed that the PLD-subset was non-representative of the regional species pool, explaining why model outcomes using the PLD-subset differed from the ones based on the complete dataset. Our results show that in the TEP, traits affecting dispersal ability are important in explaining range size variation. Using a regionally complete dataset was crucial for detecting the theoretically expected, but so far empirically unresolved, relationship between dispersal and range size.
Data from: Homogenization of dispersal ability across bird species in response to landscape change
Human land use is known to homogenize biotic communities, increasing similarity in their genetic, taxonomic and functional diversity. Explanations have focused almost exclusively on human-mediated extinction and range expansion. However, homogenization could also be produced by land use driving selection for similar traits across species. We propose a novel hypothesis to explain how human land use homogenizes dispersal ability across species. With habitat loss and increasing human land use intensities there should be larger increases in the costs of dispersal for dispersive than sedentary species, because dispersive species interact with non-habitat more frequently. In contrast, the benefits of dispersal should increase more for sedentary than dispersive species, because sedentary species are at greater risk from inbreeding depression, predation and competition associated with habitat loss. Therefore we predict that sedentary species become more dispersive in a human-altered landscape, and dispersive species more sedentary. We tested this prediction using wing pointedness to estimate the initial dispersal ability and change in dispersal ability for 21 North American passerines over the 20th century. More pointed wings are associated with stronger dispersal ability. Thus our prediction would be supported by a negative cross-species relationship between these two measurements. We found a strong, negative relationship, as predicted. This resulted in declines in the variability in wing pointedness among species over time. Although other things can cause wing shape to change, including changes in habitat availability, none of these explained the observed relationship. Our result provides the first evidence that human landscape alteration is homogenizing bird communities, driving selection for intermediate dispersal ability across species. It also implies that more dispersive species are more at-risk from human landscape use because, when rates of landscape alteration are faster than a species' ability to adapt to that change, the costs of dispersal increase more for dispersive than sedentary species.
Data from: Multi-scale effects of habitat structure and landscape context on a vertebrate with limited dispersal ability (the brown-throated sloth, Bradypus variegatus)
As human population, food consumption, and demand for forest products continue to rise over the next century, the pressures of land use change on biodiversity are projected to intensify. In tropical regions, countryside habitats that retain abundant tree cover and structurally complex canopies may complement protected areas by providing suitable habitats and landscape connectivity for a significant portion of the native biota. Species with low dispersal capabilities are among the most at risk of extinction as a consequence of land use change. We assessed how the spatial distribution of the brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus), a model species for a vertebrate with limited dispersal ability, is shaped by differences in habitat structure and landscape patterns of countryside habitats in north-central Costa Rica using a multi-scale framework. We quantified the influence of local habitat characteristics and landscape context on sloth occurrence using mixed-effects logistic regression models. We recorded 27 sloths within countryside habitats and found that both local and landscape factors significantly influenced their spatial distribution. Locally, sloths favored structurally complex habitats, with greater canopy cover and variation in tree height and basal area. At the landscape scale, sloths demonstrated a preference for habitats with high proportions of forest and nearly large tracts of forest. Although mixed-use areas and tree plantations are not substitutes for protected forests, our results suggest they provide important supplemental habitats for sloths. To promote the conservation and long-term viability of sloth populations in the tropical countryside, we recommend for land managers to retain structurally complex vegetation and large patches of native habitat.
Dispersal ability and its consequences for population genetic differentiation and diversification
<p><span>Dispersal ability is known to influence geographic structuring of genetic variation within species, with a direct relationship between low vagility and population genetic structure, which can potentially give rise to allopatric speciation. However, our general understanding of the relationship between dispersal ability, population differentiation and lineage diversification is limited. To address this issue, we sampled mitochondrial DNA variation within lineages of beetles and spiders across the Canary Islands to explore the relationships between dispersal ability, differentiation within lineages and diversification. We found positive relationships between population genetic structure and diversification for both beetles and spiders. Comparisons between dispersive and non-dispersive lineages revealed significant differences for both lineage differentiation and diversification. For both taxa, non-dispersive lineages had stronger population genetic structure. Genus-level endemic species richness and proxies for diversification rate within genera were higher in non-dispersive taxa for both beetles and spiders. Comparisons of average and maximum node divergences within genera suggest that species turnover may be higher in non-dispersive genera. Our results reveal a model where dispersal limitation may shape the diversity of lineages across evolutionary time scales by positively influencing intraspecific and species diversity, moderated by higher extinction rates compared to more dispersive lineages.</span></p>
Data from: Experimental evidence supports the ability of spotted lanternfly to hitchhike on vehicle exteriors as a mechanism for anthropogenic dispersal
<p>This data is a companion to this paper: </p> <p>Johanna E Elsensohn, Scott Wolford, Amy Tabb, Tracy Leskey, “Experimental evidence supports the ability of spotted lanternfly to hitchhike on vehicle exteriors as a mechanism for anthropogenic dispersal,” 2024, Royal Society Open Science 11:240493. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.240493">doi:10.1098/rsos.240493</a>. </p> <p><br><strong>Manually-measured data</strong></p> <p>Experiments are detailed in the paper and data is contained in the table in this data release. Details of the data are available in the paper; we also summarize and define acronyms contained in the table here.</p> <p>Stage: insect life cycle stage. Values are 1<sup>st</sup>, 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup>, 4<sup>th</sup> instars, early adult, and late adult.</p> <p>Location: location on the vehicle where the insect was placed for the experiment. Values, and their USA equivalents:</p> <p>- bonnet = hood.</p> <p>- nose wing = side panel.</p> <p>- scuttle panel = cowl panel.</p> <p>- wiper blade = wiper.</p> <p>- windscreen = windshield.</p> <p>Acclim.: means that the insect was allowed an acclimation period. 1 = yes there was an acclimation period, 0 = no there was not an acclimation period.</p> <p>Max RPM reached (0/1) : the insect remained attached to the vehicle at the maximum revolutions per minute (RPM) of the blower fan, 1850 RPM, equivalent to wind speed output was 100 ± 5 km/h 60cm from the housing exhaust. </p> <p>Max RPM reached: the maximum revolutions per minute (RPM) of the blower fan at which time the insect was detached from the vehicle.</p> <p>Windspeed (ft/min): conversion of insect detachment RPM (column 7) to feet/minute.</p> <p>Windspeed (KPH): conversion of insect detachment RPM (column 7) to windspeed in kilometers/hour.</p> <p>Body size: values are null (.), small (s), and (large). The body size is only assessed for the adult life stages; all instar stages have null. The adult is considered ‘small’ if the lateral yellow area on the insect’s underside was concave or flat and less than 2 mm wide. The insect was labelled ‘large’ if the lateral yellow area was ≥ 2 mm wide and convex.</p> <p>Sex (m/f): sex (male, female) was determined for the adult stages only. All of the instar stages have the value null (.).</p>
Avian dispersal ability shapes species-area relationships on islands worldwide
<p>These data and script support the article "Avian dispersal ability shapes species-area relationships on islands worldwide", currently in review.</p>
ExtendedData Fig. 9 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 9 | Correlationbetweenseasonalityanddisturbance. At thelocallandscapelevel (a), seasonalityiscalculatedasthestandarddeviationof meanmonthlytemperaturevaluesthroughouttheyearatthelandscapecentroid (n = 31). Highdisturbancemeans 50% of thestudylandscapeareaoverlaps areasofhighnatural (forexamplestorms,glaciers,fires) orAnthropogenic (for exampleforestloss).Boxplotsshowmedian,interquartile range,andwhiskers toextremevalues (outliersaredatapoints>1.5x quartiles).Statisticsarefrom atwo-sided Wilcoxon test.Atthespecieslevel (b), communitymeanvalues (n = 31), arecalculatedusingspecies' distributionalseasonalityanddisturbance scores.Disturbanceiscalculatedastheproportionof thespeciesbreedingrange whichoverlapsareasofhighnatural (forexamplestorms,glaciers,fires) or anthropogenic (forexampleforestloss) disturbance.Seasonalityiscalculated asthestandarddeviationof meanmonthlytemperaturevaluesthroughoutthe year,averagedacrossallgridcellsinthespecies' breedingrange.Statisticsare fromalinearregressionwith Gaussianerrors;purplelineshowsmodelfit;shaded areais 95% confidenceintervals.
ExtendedData Fig. 8 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 8 | Relationshipbetweendispersallimitation (nHWI) anddiet. Datashownfor (a) 276 birdspeciessampledacross 18 temperate studylandscapes,and (b) 817 birdspeciessampledacross 13 tropicalstudy landscapes.Dietaryclasseswith <5 specieswereremovedfromtheanalysis.Diet classificationsarefrom Tobiasand Pigot110. F-statisticand P-valuearecalculated withatwo-way ANOVA.Boxplotsshowmedian,interquartile range,andwhiskers toextremevalues (outliersaredatapoints>1.5x quartiles).
ExtendedData Fig. 7 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 7 | Predictorsofdispersallimitationinbirds. Results shownareoutputsof phylogeneticleastsquaresmodelpredictingdispersal limitation (nHWI) acrossallbirdspeciessampled,includinglong-distance migrants (swallowimage,dark bars;n = 1034); onlyresidentspeciesandshort distance/partialmigrants (thrushimage,medium bars;n = 921); orresident speciesonly (pittaimage,palebars;n = 858). Panelspresentthreesetsofmodels withincreasingcomplexity:aunivariatemodelwithsinglepredictor (a,d), and multivariatemodelswithtwo (b,e) andthree (c,f) predictors.Eachpredictor iscalculatedatthespecieslevelbyaveragingacross landscapeswhereeach speciesispresent.Disturbance (red) iscalculatedastheproportionofspecies breedingrangewhichoverlapsareasofhigh natural (e.g. storms,glaciers,fires) oranthropogenic (e.g. forestloss) disturbance.Absolutelatitude (yellow) is calculatedasthecentroidlatitudeof thespeciesbreedingrange.Seasonality (blue) iscalculatedasthestandarddeviationof meanmonthlytemperature valuesthroughouttheyear,averagedacrossallgridcellsinthebreedingrange. a–c, EffectsiZeestimatesaregivenwith 95% confidenceintervals;anegative effectindicatesreduceddispersallimitation (thatisincreased dispersalability). R2 and AICvaluesarecalculatedforfullsamplemodelsonly.d–f, Proportion of independentvariationexplainedbyeachmodelcovariate,calculatedusing hierarchicalpartitioning.
ExtendedData Fig. 6 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 6 | Driversoffragmentationsensitivitywithnatural disturbances. Resultsof Bayesianphylogeneticmixedeffectmodelspredicting fragmentationsensitivityfor 1564 birdpopulations (n = 1034 species). Populationswereclassifiedasfragmentationsensitiveiftheywereidentifiedas 'Forest-core' by BIOFRAG. Restrictedanalysisassignedfragmentationsensitivity onlyto 'Forestspecialists' (a); Expandedanalysisassignedfragmentation sensitivitytoboth ' Forestspecialist' and ' Forestassociated' species (b; see Methods).Bayesianposteriordistributionisshownabovetheline;effectsiZe estimateswithcredibleintervals (CI) belowtheline (68%: thickerrorbars; 95%: thinerrorbars).HigheffectsiZesindicateapositiveassociationwith fragmentationsensitivity;loweffectsiZesindicateanegativeassociation. Finchandhawksilhouettesindicatethatbothmodelswererunonacomplete sample. Historicaldisturbanceisabinaryvariable (1/0) calculatedusingnatural disturbance (forexamplefires,storms & glaciation) layersonly.
ExtendedData Fig. 2 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 2 | Thelatitudinalgradientinaveragedispersallimitation ofbirdassemblages.Datapoints (colouredbylevelofhistoricaldisturbance) showthecommunitymeanvaluesforavianassemblagessampledat 31 study landscapesmappedin Fig.1. Theoverallgradientisnotexplainedbylandscape disturbancehistory.Absolutelatitudeisthecentroidlatitudeofallsampling pointsineachstudylandscape.Mean dispersallimitationisthenegative (thatis inverse) hand-wingindex (nHWI) averagedacrossallspeciesintheassemblage; nHWIislogarithmicallyscaled (log(1/HWI)) forvisualiZation.Statisticsarefroma linearmodelwith Gaussianerrors;purplelineshowsmodelfit (R2 = 0.44); shaded regionshowsthestandarderrorof theregressioncoefficient.
Fig. 3 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
Fig. 3 | Fragmentationsensitivityincreaseswithdispersallimitationinbird assemblages.a, Variationin fragmentationsensitivity anddispersalability plottedonaconsensusphylogenetictree.Eachbranchrepresentsagenus (n = 441), withdataattipsaveragedacrossfamilies (n = 115) forvisualiZation. Branchcoloursindicatedispersallimitation (leastdispersivespeciesin red); tipcoloursshowtheproportionoffragmentation-sensitivespeciesineach family (expandedanalysis;mostsensitivein yellow).b, Datapoints (coloured bylevelofhistoricaldisturbance) aremeansfor 31 studylandscapes.Foreach assemblage,fragmentationsensitivityisassignedtoforest-corespecies withhighforestdependency (Restrictedanalysis),andmeandispersal limitationisthenHWIaveragedacrossallspecies;nHWIislogarithmically scaled (log(1/HWI)) forvisualiZation.StatisticsarefromageneraliZedlinear modelwithquasi-binomialerrors;purplelineshowsmodelfit (R2 = 0.180); shadedregionshows 95% confidenceintervals.Boxplotsin b showthesame distributionswithmedianvalue,interquartilerangeandwhiskerstoextreme values (outliersaredatapoints>1.5× quartiles).Resultsfortheexpandedsample areshownin ExtendedData Fig. 4.
Fig. 2 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
Fig. 2 | Globalpatternsoflandscapedisturbanceanddispersallimitation. a, Thepresenceofnatural oranthropogenichistoricaldisturbancesrecorded ineachgridcell.Naturaldisturbancepressures (bright red) includemajorfires, stormsandglaciation;theseeventshavetypicallypersisted forlongerperiods oftimeandmaycausecompleteremovalofforestbiota.Anthropogenicforest loss (palered) representsmore recentdisturbancethatoftenalterscomposition oflocalassemblageswithoutcompleteeradication.b, VariationinnHWI averagedacross speciesoccurringineachgridcell,rangingfromlow (blue) to high (red) dispersallimitation.Dispersallimitationdataarecalculatedfrom measurementsof 10,562 birdspecies,logarithmicallyscaledforvisualiZation (log(1/HWI)).Yellowdotsshowstudylandscapes (21 from BIOFRAG;10 from additionalsampling).Gridcellsin a and b are 2.5 arcminutes. c,d, Hypothetical relationships:extinctionfilterspredictthatfragmentationsensitivityis negativelyassociatedwithhistoricaldisturbance (c), whiledispersal-related mechanismspredictthatfragmentationsensitivityispositivelyassociated with dispersallimitation (d).
Fig. 1 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
Fig. 1 | Hypothesespredictingthedistributionoffragmentation-sensitive species. Thetoppathway (a) illustrateshow ' extinctionfilters' linkedto historicaldisturbances (forexample, fireandanthropogenicforestloss) canbenon-random,removingspeciestraitsassociatedwithsensitivityto disturbanceandretainingmoreresilientsurvivors.Tropicalbirdcommunities thathavelargelyavoidedseverehistoricaldisturbancetheoreticallycontain morespecieswithdisturbance-sensitivetraits (suchaspoordispersaland ecologicalspecialiZation),accentuatingtheimpactsofforestfragmentation (b). Backgroundturnoverofspecies,shownin (b) butpresentinallpathways, israndomwithrespecttodisturbance-sensitivetraits.Adifferentmechanism involvestheevolutionofflightadaptationstocopewithseasonalfluctuations intemperatureandresources (including vegetation,insects,flowersand fruits).In birds, thepredominantadaptationtoseasonalityinvolvesincreased mobility (fromlocaldispersaltolong-distancemigration),sohighly seasonal communitieslackdispersal-limitedspecies,potentiallyincreasingtheir resiliencetoforestfragmentation (c) incomparisonwithclimaticallystable regions (b). Relativespeciesrichnessisshownbythenumberofbirdsilhouettes inthecommunity.
ExtendedData Fig. 5 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 5 | Driversoffragmentationsensitivitywith Anthropogenicdisturbances.Resultsof Bayesianphylogeneticmixedeffect modelspredictingfragmentationsensitivityfor 1564 birdpopulations (n = 1034 species).Populations wereclassifiedasfragmentationsensitiveif they wereidentifiedas 'Forest-core' by BIOFRAG. Restrictedanalysisassigned fragmentationsensitivityonlyto 'Forestspecialists' (a); Expandedanalysis assignedfragmentationsensitivityto both 'Forestspecialist' and 'Forest associated' species (b; see Methods). Bayesianposteriordistributionisshown abovetheline;effectsiZeestimateswithcredibleintervals (CI) belowtheline (68%: thickerrorbars;95%:thinerrorbars).HigheffectsiZesindicateapositive associationwithfragmentationsensitivity;loweffect siZesindicateanegative association.Finchandhawksilhouettesindicatethatbothmodelswererunon acompletesample.Historicaldisturbanceisabinaryvariable (1/0) calculated usinganthropogenicdisturbance (forestloss) only.
ExtendedData Fig. 1 in Climate-driven variation in dispersal ability predicts responses to forest fragmentation in birds
ExtendedData Fig. 1 | Correlationbetweendisturbanceandlatitude. Study landscapesexposedtohighlevelsofhistoricaldisturbance (n = 16 landscapes; red) tendtobefoundathigherlatitudesthanlandscapesexposedtolowerlevels ofhistoricaldisturbance (n = 15 landscapes;blue).Disturbancelevelisestimated fromglobalmapsof majorhistoricaldisturbance (forexamplefire,glaciation). Absolutelatitudeisthecentroidlatitudeof allsamplingpointsineachstudy landscape.Boxplotsshowthemedian, interquartilerangeandwhiskers extendingtoextremevalues.Statisticsshowresultsof two-sided Wilcoxon ranksum testindicatingthatdisturbanceandlatitudearecorrelated (without accountingforspatialauto-correlation).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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