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32 results for “Early Toarcian”
Data from: Upper Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) marine gastropods from the Cleveland Basin, England: systematics, palaeobiogeography and contribution to biotic recovery from the early Toarcian extinction event
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The last representatives of the Superfamily Wellerelloidea (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellida) in the westernmost Tethys (Iberian paleomargins) prior to their demise in the Early Toarcian Mass Extinction Event
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Data from: Reductions in body size of benthic macroinvertebrates as a precursor of the Early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) extinction event in the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal
Reduction of body size is a common response of organisms to environmental stress. Studying the Early Toarcian succession in the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal, we tested whether the shell size of benthic marine communities of bivalves and brachiopods changed at and prior to the global, warming-related Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE). Statistical analyses of shell size over time show that the mean shell size of communities decreased significantly prior to the T-OAE. This trend is distinct in brachiopods and is caused by larger-sized species becoming less abundant over time, whereas it is not significant in bivalves, suggesting a decoupled response to environmental stress. Reductions in shell size precede the decline in standardized sample-level species richness associated with the Early Toarcian extinction event. Such decreases in the shell size of marine invertebrates, well before the onset of biodiversity change, suggest that reductions in body size more generally may be a precursor of a subsequent loss of species and turnover at the community-level caused by climate change. Sedimentological evidence is against hypoxia as a driver of extinction and preceding size decrease in the brachiopod fauna in the studied succession, although low oxygen levels are widely held responsible for elevated Early Toarcian extinction rates globally. Reduction of mean shell size in brachiopods but stasis in bivalves is difficult to explain with ocean acidification because experimental work shows that brachiopods can be resilient to lowered pH, albeit long-term metabolic costs and potential evolutionary adaptations are unknown. Rising Early Toarcian temperatures in the Lusitanian Basin seem to be a plausible factor in both diversity decline associated with the T-OAE as well as the preceding reductions in mean shell size because thermal tolerances in modern bivalves are among the highest within marine invertebrates.
Data from: Effects of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event on ichthyosaur body size and faunal composition in the Southwest German Basin
The Early Jurassic Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event is considered one of the most dramatic environmental perturbations of the Mesozoic. An elevated extinction rate among marine invertebrates accompanied rapid environmental changes, but effects on large vertebrates are less understood. We examined changes in ichthyosaur body size in the Posidonia Shale of the Southwest German Basin spanning the extinction interval to assess how environmental changes and biotic crisis among prey species affected large reptiles. We report no species-level extinction among the ichthyosaurs coinciding with peak invertebrate extinction. Large ichthyosaurs were absent from the fauna during the extinction interval, but became more abundant in the immediate aftermath. Stenopterygius quadriscissus, the most abundant species during the extinction interval, increased in body size after the biotic event. Rapid invasion by large taxa occurred immediately following the extinction event at the end of the first ammonite zone of the early Toarcian. Greater mobility permitting exploitation of ephemeral resources and opportunistic feeding behavior may minimize the impacts of environmental change on large vertebrates.
Data from: New records of the late Pliensbachian to early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) gladius-bearing coleoid cephalopods from the Ya Ha Tinda Lagerstätte, Canada
The Ya Ha Tinda Lagerstätte from Alberta, Canada, is the first Jurassic marine Konservat-Lagerstätte from North America and hosts a substantial collection of exceptionally preserved fossil Vampyropoda specimens. Vampyropods are soft-bodied cephalopods (coleoids) characterized by eight arms and an internalized chitinous shell (gladius). Due to their lack of hard parts, Vampyropoda have a fragmentary fossil record, largely limited to exceptional Lagerstätten deposits. Excavations at Ya Ha Tinda have uncovered sixteen vampyropod fossils from Pliensbachian and Toarcian strata, making it the largest deposit of Vampyropoda found outside of the Tethys Ocean (Europe and the Middle East) for the Jurassic. Here, we present a taxonomic analysis of the Ya Ha Tinda Vampyropoda specimens and the first comprehensive study of Early Jurassic vampyropods from North America. In total, fourteen specimens have sufficient morphological details preserved on the gladius for taxonomic descriptions. Two specimens are identifiable only to the suborder Loligosepiina (one to the family Geopeltidae), while the remaining twelve specimens are identified to the genus level; six Paraplesioteuthis, three Loligosepia, one Geopeltis, one Parabelopeltis, and one Jeletzkyteuthis. The discovery of Loligosepia cf. aalensis within Pliensbachian strata pushes back the earliest occurrence of this taxon from the early Toarcian to the late Pliensbachian. With the exception of Paraplesioteuthis, this is the first time these genera have been found outside of Europe for the Jurassic; therefore, this study significantly expands their palaeogeographic range. Furthermore, with established high-resolution bio and chemostratigraphy, specimens can be assigned to ammonite zones and placed in context of the global Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event.
Data from: Trophic niche ontogeny and palaeoecology of early Toarcian Stenopterygius (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria)
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Data from: Reductions in body size of benthic macroinvertebrates as a precursor of the Early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) extinction event in the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal
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Data from: New records of the late Pliensbachian to early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) gladius-bearing coleoid cephalopods from the Ya Ha Tinda Lagerstätte, Canada
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Data from: Effects of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event on ichthyosaur body size and faunal composition in the Southwest German Basin
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Fig. 5 in Diversity dynamics of Early-Middle Jurassic brachiopods of Caucasus, and the Pliensbachian-Toarcian mass extinction
Fig. 5. Brachiopods diversity changes in Lias of Bakony Mts (after Vörös 1993, 1995) and Swiss Alps and Jura Mts. (after Sulser 1999).
Fig. 1 in Diversity dynamics of Early-Middle Jurassic brachiopods of Caucasus, and the Pliensbachian-Toarcian mass extinction
Fig. 1. Geographic location of studied area (A) and paleogeographic situation of areas discussed in the text (B; studied area indicated by 1). Paleogeographic base map is modified from Owen 1983 and Dommergues et al. 2001.
Fig. 2 in Diversity dynamics of Early-Middle Jurassic brachiopods of Caucasus, and the Pliensbachian-Toarcian mass extinction
Fig. 2. Liassic composite lithological section of NW Caucasus and comparison of regional and global (simplified from Hallam and Wignall 1999) sea−level changes.
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