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73 results for “Ecophysiology”
Fig. 3. Syndesmis kurakaikina n in Description and ecophysiology of a new species of Syndesmis Silliman, 1881 (Rhabdocoela: Umagillidae) from the sea urchin Evechinus chloroticus (Valenciennes, 1846) Mortensen, 1943 in New Zealand
Fig. 3. Syndesmis kurakaikina n. sp., holotype specimen whole-mounted in lactophenol. Differential-interference contrast. Scale bar: 250 μm. B: bursa, EC: egg capsule, FG: filament glands, In: intestine, Ov: ovaria, Ph: pharynx, St: stylet, SR: seminal receptacle, Vit: vitellaria.
Genomic data and common garden experiments reveal climate-driven selection on ecophysiological traits in two Mediterranean oaks
<p>This release includes the different genomic datasets used in the article entitled "<em>Genomic data and common garden experiments reveal climate-driven selection on ecophysiological traits in two Mediterranean oaks</em> " by Ramírez-Valiente et al.,</p> <p>File description:</p> <p><strong>Samples.xlsx</strong>: Description of individual and population codes used in the different analyses and genomic datasets.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_faginea_p12r05m05minMAF001_all_loci.str</strong>: Input file used to perform genetic clustering analyses (STRUCTURE and DAPC) for <em>Quercus faginea</em> including all loci.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_faginea_p12r05m05minMAF001_neutral_loci.str</strong>: Input file used to perform genetic clustering analyses (STRUCTURE and DAPC) for <em>Quercus faginea</em> excluding outlier loci (i.e., putatively under selection) identified by either BAYESCAN or using the FDIST method in ARLEQUIN.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_lusitanica_p7r05m05minMAF001_all_loci.str</strong>: Input file used to perform genetic clustering analyses (STRUCTURE and DAPC) for <em>Quercus lusitanica </em>including all loci.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_ lusitanica_p7r05m05minMAF001_neutral_loci.str</strong>: Input file used to perform genetic clustering analyses (STRUCTURE and DAPC) for <em>Quercus lusitanica </em>excluding outlier loci (i.e., putatively under selection) identified by either BAYESCAN or using the FDIST method in ARLEQUIN.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_faginea_p12r05m05minMAF001_BAYESCAN.txt</strong>: Input file used to perform BAYESCAN analyses for <em>Quercus faginea</em>.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_lusitanica_p7r05m05minMAF001_BAYESCAN.txt</strong>: Input file used to perform BAYESCAN analyses for <em>Quercus lusitanica</em>.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_faginea_p12r05m05minMAF001_ARLEQUIN.arp</strong>: Input file used to perform ARLEQUIN analyses for <em>Quercus faginea</em>.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_lusitanica_p7r05m05minMAF001_ARLEQUIN.arp</strong>: Input file used to perform ARLEQUIN analyses for <em>Quercus lusitanica</em>.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_faginea_p12r05m05minMAF001_all_loci.vcf</strong>: Variant call format (VCF) file for <em>Quercus faginea</em> including all loci.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_faginea_p12r05m05minMAF001_neutral_loci.vcf</strong>: Variant call format (VCF) file for <em>Quercus faginea</em> excluding outlier loci (i.e., putatively under selection) identified by either BAYESCAN or using the FDIST method in ARLEQUIN.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_lusitanica_p7r05m05minMAF001_all_loci.vcf</strong>: Variant call format (VCF) file for <em>Quercus lusitanica </em>including all loci.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_ lusitanica_p7r05m05minMAF001_neutral_loci.vcf</strong>: Variant call format (VCF) file for <em>Quercus lusitanica </em>excluding outlier loci (i.e., putatively under selection) identified by either BAYESCAN or using the FDIST method in ARLEQUIN.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_faginea_Greenhouse_DRIFTSEL.txt</strong>: Input file used to run DRIFTSEL and evaluate selection on the different studied traits for <em>Quercus faginea </em>under common garden greenhouse experiments.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_faginea_Outdoor_DRIFTSEL.txt</strong>: Input file used to run DRIFTSEL and evaluate selection on the different studied traits for <em>Quercus faginea</em> under common garden outdoor experiments.</p> <p><strong>Quercus_lusitanica_Greenhouse_DRIFTSEL.txt</strong>: Input file used to run DRIFTSEL and evaluate selection on the different studied traits for <em>Quercus lusitanica </em>under common garden greenhouse experiments.</p>
Ecophysiological and behavioral adaptations of birds to rapid urbanization of a desert environment in central Arizona-Phoenix, from 2006 to 2008.
We used Sonoran desert species that have adapted to urbanization to various degrees to investigate relations between endocrine parameters, in particular plasma corticosterone in response to acute stress, and aspects of the immune system, parasite infections, and body condition. Desert residents generally suppressed their endocrine response to acute stress during the breeding season and underwent marked seasonal changes in body condition. By contrast, conspecific urban residents tended to maintain an acute stress response throughout the year and showed subdued seasonal changes in body condition. We surmise that this difference is related to differences between desert and urban environments in food resources that birds use to sustain themselves. The goal of upcoming studies will be to test this hypothesis. In addition, we are carrying out studies aimed at elucidating the neuroendocrine mechanisms that mediate differential stress responses seen in birds residing in rural vs. urban habitats. We are also developing experiments examining relation between the stress response and the activity of the immune and reproductive system. The data that we have already collected, and those to be collected in the coming year, will provide the most extensive set of data to date on effects of urbanization on wild vertebrates and on the mechanisms that are responsible for these effects.
Data from: Ecophysiology and phylogeny of new terricolous and epiphytic chlorolichens in a fog oasis of the Atacama Desert
The Atacama Desert is one of the driest and probably oldest deserts on Earth where only a few extremophile organisms are able to survive. This study investigated two terricolous and two epiphytic lichens from the fog oasis "Las Lomitas" within the National Park Pan de Azúcar which represents a refugium for a few vascular desert plants and many lichens that can thrive on fog and dew alone. Ecophysiological measurements and climate records were combined with molecular data of the mycobiont, their green algal photobionts and lichenicolous fungi to gain information about the ecology of lichens within the fog oasis. Phylogenetic and morphological investigations led to the identification and description of the two new lichen species Ramalina reichenbergeri and Acarospora conafii as well as the lichenicolous fungi that accompanied them and revealed the trebouxioid character of all lichen photobionts. Their photosynthetic response during natural scenarios such as reactivation by high air humidity and in situ fog events were compared to elucidate the activation strategies of this lichen community. Epiphytic lichens showed photosynthetic activity that was rapidly induced by fog and additionally during high air humidity whereas terricolous lichens were only activated by fog.
Data from: Nutrients influence the thermal ecophysiology of an intertidal macroalga: multiple stressors or multiple drivers?
Urbanization of coastlines is leading to increased introduction of nutrients from the terrestrial environment to nearshore habitats. While such nutrient influxes can be detrimental to coastal marine organisms due to increased eutrophication and subsequent reduced oxygen, they could also have positive effects (i.e., increased food availability) on species that are nitrogen-limited such as macroalgae. Nutrient enrichment in this environment thus has the potential to counteract some of the negative impacts of increasing temperatures, at least for some species. Characterizing the physiological response of organisms to simultaneous changes in multiple drivers such as these is an important first step in predicting how global climate change may lead to ecological responses at more local levels. We evaluated how nutrient enrichment (i.e., nitrogen availability) affected the growth of Fucus vesiculosus, a foundational macroalgal species in the North Atlantic rocky intertidal zone, and found that nutrient-enriched algal blades showed a significant increase in tissue growth compared to individuals grown under ambient conditions. We further quantified net photosynthesis by ambient and nutrient-enriched tissues at saturating irradiance over a range of temperature conditions (5°-30°C). Respiration was unaffected by nutrient treatment; however, there was a significant increase in photosynthetic oxygen production for nutrient-enriched tissue compared to ambient, but only at elevated temperatures. This study contributes to a growing body of literature showing the complexity of responses to changes in multiple drivers, and highlights the importance of studying the impacts of global climate change within the context of more local environmental conditions.
Learning from dynamic traits: Seasonal shifts yield insights into ecophysiological tradeoffs across scales from macroevolutionary to intra-individual
<p><strong>Premise of the Research.</strong> Phylogenetic comparative methods provide a powerful approach for exploring the macroevolution of plant functional traits. Such approaches can uncover trait-trait correlations through evolutionary time, as well as provide evidence of the role of traits in adaptation across environmental gradients. For continuous traits, most phylogenetic comparative approaches to date employ a single trait value per species, often a mean of sampled individuals, or alternatively incorporate intraspecific variation as a distribution around such a mean. It has been known for quite some time that many of the most physiologically and ecologically important plant traits are actually highly plastic, changing dynamically across a growing season, with whole-plant development, or in response to environmental conditions. Here we demonstrate one possible approach to assessing the evolution of such dynamic traits, the use of function-valued phylogenetic comparative methods.<br> <strong>Methodology.</strong> Leaf traits were sampled across 25 taxa in the genus <em>Cornus</em> at six time points throughout the growing season in a common garden context, followed by contrasting sets of alternative analyses to demonstrate the consequences of researcher decisions on study conclusions.<br> <strong>Pivotal Results. </strong>The vast majority of assessed traits exhibit substantial seasonal shifts. These shifts cause traditional macroevolutionary correlations assessed at different sampling dates to yield conflicting results. Function-valued approaches indicate that seasonal shifts in many traits are evolutionarily correlated, with implications for the origin of trait-trait tradeoffs. Seasonal trait plasticity is also evolutionarily correlated with native habitat environmental gradients across <em>Cornus</em>.<br> <strong>Conclusions.</strong> Because a very large number of plant functional traits are not fixed, but vary dynamically over time or with environmental conditions, stronger insights into the evolution of plant functional traits can emerge when this dynamism is explicitly incorporated into phylogenetic comparative approaches. We encourage the adoption of such approaches, as well as the development of better tools for doing so.</p>
Data from: Variation in ecophysiological traits might contribute to ecogeographic isolation and divergence between parapatric ecotypes of Mimulus aurantiacus
Many forms of reproductive isolation contribute to speciation, and early acting barriers may be especially important, because they have the first opportunity to limit gene flow. Ecogeographic isolation occurs when intrinsic traits of taxa contribute to disjunct geographic distributions, reducing the frequency of inter‐taxon mating. Characterizing this form of isolation requires knowledge of both the geographic arrangement of suitable habitats in nature and the identification of phenotypes involved in shaping geographic distributions. In Mimulus aurantiacus, red‐ and yellow‐flowered ecotypes are incompletely isolated by divergent selection exerted by different pollinators. However, these emerging taxa are largely isolated spatially, with a hybrid zone occurring along a narrow region of contact. In order to assess whether responses to abiotic conditions contribute to the parapatric distribution of ecotypes, we measured a series of ecophysiological traits from populations along a transect, including drought sensitivity, leaf area, and the concentrations of vegetative flavonoids. In contrast to the abrupt transitions in floral phenotypes, we found that ecophysiological traits exhibited a continuous geographic transition that largely mirrors variation in climatological variables. These traits may impede gene flow across a continuous environmental gradient, but they would be unlikely to result in ecotypic divergence alone. Nevertheless, we found a genetic correlation between vegetative and floral traits, providing a potential link between the two forms of isolation. Although neither barrier appears sufficient to cause divergence on its own, the combined impacts of local adaptation to abiotic conditions and regional adaptation to pollinators may interact to drive discontinuous variation in the face of gene flow in this system.
Data - Krieg et al. Greater ecophysiological stress tolerance in the core environment than in extreme environments of wild chickpea (Cicer reticulatum)
<p>Data used in analyses and code to produce figures.</p>
Dataset for the SFmodel, applied in Evapotranspiration dynamics and partitioning in a grassed vineyard: ecophysiological and computational modelling approaches
<p>Dataset used for the SFmodel, applied in the work "Evapotranspiration dynamics and partitioning in a grassed vineyard: ecophysiological and computational modelling approaches".</p> <p>For units and nomenclature of the variables refer to Units_and_Nomenclature_for_SFmodel_in_Evapotranspiration_dynamics_and_partitioning_in_a_grassed_vineyard.pdf. </p>
Dataset for Evapotranspiration dynamics and partitioning in a grassed vineyard: ecophysiological and computational modelling approaches
<p>Data sets of the work "Evapotranspiration dynamics and partitioning in a grassed vineyard: ecophysiological and computational modelling approaches".</p> <p>You will find all data files needed for this work, organised by the figures of the paper. For the codes, refer to Flavio Bastos Campos. (2024). flaviobastoscampos/ET_dynamics_and_partitioning_vineyard: v2024.1 (v2024.1). Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10864169" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10864169</a>. </p>
Fig. 7 in Ecophysiological responses to the effect of annual management on an endemic viviparous fish in central plateau of México
Fig. 7. Bimonthly energy expenditure during cycles of mexcalpique nictemeral in San Martin.
Fig. 1. Environmental parameters during a in Ecophysiological responses to the effect of annual management on an endemic viviparous fish in central plateau of México
Fig. 1. Environmental parameters during a hydrological cycle in San Martín Dam.
Accompanying data for "Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs: Global diversity, distribution, ecophysiology, and activity in marine waters"
<p>Data accompanying the manuscript "Non-cyanobacterial diazotrophs: Global diversity, distribution, ecophysiology, and activity in marine waters," submitted to FEMS Microbiology Reviews.</p> <p>Contents include:</p> <p>- A compilation of available marine water column qPCR/ddPCR nifH gene abundance data from published studies with metadata colocalized using the Simons Collaborative Marine Atlas Project (see NCDReview_SupplTable4.pdf for a description of variables): NCDReview_qPCR_database.xlsx</p> <p>- Nucleotide and amino acid sequences for the assembled nifH gene catalog (NCDReview_SupplTable1_caption.docx, NCDReview_TableS1_nt.fasta, NCDReview_TableS1_aa.fasta)</p> <p>- Table of nifH clusters and subclusters, with corresponding phyla and genera (NCDReview_Table1.xlsx)</p>
Subtle ecophysiological divergences in a deceptive strategy to attract pollinators in two sympatric Arum
<p>Most Angiosperms rely on insect pollinators for their reproduction, implying the evolution of attractive signals. While most plants reward their pollinators, others use a deceptive method where no direct benefit is offered to pollinators. Integrative approaches are mandatory to comprehend the evolution of deceptive strategies, by combining the co-variations in different floral traits and the behavior of the insects. However, they were rarely applied to compare species competing for the same pollinators. We applied an ecophysiological approach to compare floral traits – scent and thermogenesis – in two deceptive sympatric arums (<em>Arum maculatum</em> and <em>Arum italicum</em>) that are pollinated mainly by<em> Psychoda</em> moth flies. We tested the hypothesis that floral traits diverged between the two arums to minimize their interference as they attract locally the same insects. We measured the thermogenesis sequence of both species in their natural environment and volatile organic compounds were analyzed. As expected, the two arums displayed a similar thermogenesis sequence. However, the main thermogenesis peak, which is actively involved in pollinator attraction was warmer in <em>A. italicum </em>and it happened earlier during the day for <em>A. maculatum</em>. For scents, we confirmed a strong differentiation between the two arums when they co-occur. Then, we determined the effect of the different scents on the activity level of their main moth fly pollinator (<em>Psychoda sigma</em>) at our study site to reveal that the odor of <em>A. maculatum</em> tended to stimulate the insect activity more than the odor of <em>A. italicum</em>. This moth fly is nocturnal and therefore <em>A. maculatum</em>, which flowers right before nighttime may need to overstimulate the insect activity to get visited. Our integrative approach highlights that the two sympatric arums have slightly shifted daily phenologies, which implied a fine-tune variation in the attractive volatiles and the thermogenesis sequence in relation to the behavior of the pollinating moth fly. Our results suggest that a tradeoff may exist between odor specificity and the ability to maximize volatile emission. These findings show how evolutionarily close species living in sympatry can diverge finely to lower competing interference and attract the same pollinators.</p>
Thallus hydrophobicity: a low-cost method for understanding lichen ecophysiological responses to environmental changes
<p><strong>Premise</strong>: Methods to evaluate lichen thalli hydrophobicity were described in the past, but only recently this was shown to be an important functional trait related to water regulation dynamics that could be used to predict future climate change effects.</p> <p><strong>Methods and Results:</strong> Our protocol requires only a micropipette, distilled water, a tripod and a phone or camera. Hydrophobicity is inferred from multiple metrics associated with absorption times of standardized droplets (initial and total absorption time). We used a dataset of 93 lichen taxa with different growth forms and from different biomes and demonstrated that this method is well suited for capturing different levels of hydrophobicity, including very hydrophilic species.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Our results show that the measurement of lichen hydrophobicity is a rapid and low-cost method to assess an ecophysiologically based lichen functional trait that can be used with almost no limitations, including in different climates, lichen species, and growth forms.</p>
Data from: Variation in ecophysiological traits might contribute to ecogeographic isolation and divergence between parapatric ecotypes of Mimulus aurantiacus
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Data from: Are crop fields pharmacies for megaherbivores? From ecophysiological studies of elephant (<em>Loxodonta cycotis</em>) crop raiders in Gabon
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Thallus hydrophobicity: a low-cost method for understanding lichen ecophysiological responses to environmental changes
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Data from: Nutrients influence the thermal ecophysiology of an intertidal macroalga: multiple stressors or multiple drivers?
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Data from: Ecophysiology and phylogeny of new terricolous and epiphytic chlorolichens in a fog oasis of the Atacama Desert
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