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205 results for “Ethiopian”
Fig. 1 in Ethiopian oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from the Joint Russian-Ethiopian Biological Expedition (2012), with description of a new species
Fig. 1. Perscheloribates paratranslamellatus sp. n.: (A) dorsal view (legs not shown); (B) ventral view (gnathosoma and legs not shown); lateral view of (C) body posterior; (D) body anterior. Scale bars A, B = 100 μm; C, D = 50 μm.
Is plagiarism on the rise in Ethiopian politics? The case of three Master's theses at Addis Ababa University
<p>After an inquiry for plagiarism, the University of Düsseldorf in Germany <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/09/german-education-minister-quits-phd-plagiarism">revoked Annette Schavan's doctorate degree in 2013</a>. Schavan (CDU) served as Germany's Federal Minister of Education from 2005 to 2013, and resigned after her PhD was revoked. Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg (CDU), Germany's defense minister, <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/01/german-defence-minister-resigns-plagiarism">resigned in 2011</a> when plagiarism was discovered in his PhD dissertation. As a result, the VroniPlag Wiki was established, where the level of plagiarism in German doctorate theses is investigated and documented via crowdsourcing. As a consequence, dozens of politicians were deprived of their degrees, voluntarily abandoned them, or fled politics. <a href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/karriere-hochschule/hoersaal/franziska-giffey-verzicht-auf-doktortitel-ist-nicht-moeglich-18746134.html">Franziska Giffey (SPD) and Martin Huber (CSU)</a> are the most recent additions in 2023.</p> <p>The prestige of having an advanced degree is quite high in Ethiopia, as it is in Germany, and as a result, the temptation for shortcuts may be quite strong. We documented three instances of possible MSc thesis plagiarism at Addis Abeba University (AAU): Abraham Belay (2007), Takele Uma (2014), and Dagmawit Moges (2019), all of whom are (or were until recently) ministers in the Ethiopian government.</p> <p>The MSc theses were formally analysed for similarity with earlier works using <a href="https://www.turnitin.com/">Turnitin anti-plagiarism software</a>. The automated output was then further analysed. Similarities with works produced after or concurrently with the publishing date of the MSc theses were omitted from the similarity report; this pertains to a few instances of theses and articles in predatory journals that plagiarized passages from those theses. Also short similarities (eight words or less) were removed from the report. After that, the similarity scores remain high for the three MSc theses, with numerous fully copied paragraphs and sections.</p> <p><strong>Abraham Belay</strong> published an MSc thesis on “<a href="http://etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/6598/Abraham%20belay.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">DSP based vector control of induction motor</a>” at AAU’s Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in 2007 (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124144908/http:/etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/6598/Abraham%20belay.pdf">archive</a>). In 2020, Abraham Belay (Prosperity Party) became minister of Innovation and Technology and in 2021 Minister of Defence. His MSc thesis presents 62% similarities with earlier work by other authors. See <strong>Annex A</strong>.</p> <p><strong>Takele Uma</strong> published an MSc thesis on “<a href="http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/11897">Environmental and Economic Benefits of Bioslurry from Coffee Husk Relative to Chemical Fertilizer</a>” at AAU’s School of Chemical and Bio-Engineering in 2014 (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409120611/http:/etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/11897/Takele%20Uma.pdf">archive</a>). Takele Uma (PP) was mayor of Addis Ababa from 2018 to 2020 and minister of Mines and Petroleum of Ethiopia from 2020 to 2023. His MSc thesis presents 38% similarities with earlier work. See <strong>Annex B</strong>.</p> <p><strong>Dagmawit Moges</strong> (PP) published an MSc thesis on “<a href="http://etd.aau.edu.et/handle/123456789/19432">The Challenges and Prospects of Dynamic Electronic Service in Strengthening Demand-Responsive Transportation System in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</a>” at AAU’s Department of Public Administration and Development Management in 2019 (<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230409120757/http:/etd.aau.edu.et/bitstream/handle/123456789/19432/Dagmawit%20Moges.pdf">archive</a>). Dagmawit was minister of Transport and Communications of Ethiopia from 2018 to 2023. In March 2023, she became director at the Peace Fund Secretariat of the African Union Commission. She <a href="https://smartermobility-africa.com/speakers/h-e-dagmawit-moges-bekele/">chairs also the boards</a> of Woldiya University, the Ethiopian Post, and the Ethiopian Roads Authority. Her MSc thesis presents 33% similarities with earlier work. <strong>See Annex C</strong>.</p> <p>We encourage readers to review the entire Turnitin reports for the three theses. It is not impossible that further paragraphs extracted from grey literature were missed by the Turnitin algorithms.</p> <p>On 28 February 2020, Addis Ababa University sent a <a href="https://archive.today/2023.04.08-084235/https:/t.me/Addisababauniversity/105">message in Amharic on its Telegram</a> channel, stating in substance that AAU has an anti-plagiarism policy, since plagiarism has been a significant hindrance to the University's efforts to provide excellent education. AAU further states that, earlier on, it has revoked a master's degree it had issued to a student due to plagiarism. It is only logical, then, that the three MSc theses annexed be formally scrutinized for plagiarism and the degrees possibly rescinded.</p> <p>Last but not least, examining the legitimacy of the country's politicians' academic degrees would necessitate a collaborative effort, and we urge concerned academics, students, and alumni of Ethiopian universities to initiate a crowdsourcing effort to detect plagiarism in theses, as is done in Germany with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VroniPlag_Wiki">VroniPlag Wiki</a> and in Russia with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissernet">Dissernet</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p>The authors acknowledge the owners of Twitter accounts @EgleGeek and @Zeate1 for pointing out that the three MSc theses addressed here reused texts from previous works. We would also like to thank Alex de Waal (Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA) and Boud Roukema (Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland) for exchanges of thoughts.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Annexes</strong></p> <p>Annex A. <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7810624/files/Annex%20A%20-%20Abraham%20belay%20MSc%20thesis%20SimCheck2.pdf">Turnitin similarity report of the MSc thesis by Abraham Belay (2007)</a>.</p> <p>Annex B. <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7810624/files/Annex%20B%20-%20Takele%20Uma%20MSc%20thesis%20similarity%20check.pdf">Turnitin similarity report of the MSc thesis by Takele Uma (2014).</a></p> <p>Annex C. <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/7810624/files/Annex%20C%20-%20Dagmawit%20Moges%20MSc%20thesis%20similarity%20check.pdf">Turnitin similarity report of the MSc thesis by Dagmawit Moges (2019)</a>.</p>
Convergent evolution of artemisinin and chloroquine resistance in Ethiopian Plasmodium falciparum parasites
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Data from: The great rift valley is a greater biogeographic barrier than the blue Nile Valley for six Ethiopian highland passerines in the Eastern Afromontane biodiversity hotspot
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Ethiopian Pot (needs bit of interior work)
Its imperfection is its perfection as it shows that they are so poor they cannot make perfect pots as they cannot afford the equipment to do so. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Ethiopian Medical Book - Version 2
Ethiopian Medical Book 18th Century Illuminated Manuscript Israel Museum Jerusalem Photogrammetric model. Agisoft Photoscan + Autodesk Meshmixer Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Determination of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Associated Radiation Hazard Indices of Wheat Flour Samples From Selected Ethiopian Markets.
<p>Wheat flour is a nutrient-dense food that is commonly consumed by various age groups in Ethiopia. In this study, natural radioactivity levels of <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup>K, as well as the related dangerous radiological characteristics, were successfully measured on 10 different brands of wheat flour samples using high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. Average activity concentrations of <sup>226</sup>Ra, <sup>232</sup>Th, and <sup>40</sup>K in wheat flour are found to be 0.26<strong> ±</strong>0.07 Bq.kg<sup>-1</sup>, 1.54<strong> ± </strong>0.43 Bq.kg<sup>-1</sup>, and 59.79<strong>±</strong>3.65 Bq.kg<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Moreover, the average values of the corresponding radiological parameters, Ra<sub>eq</sub>, H<sub>int</sub>, and annual effective dose (E<sub>ave</sub>) (sum), were also found to be 7.07±0.96 Bq.kg<sup>-1</sup>, 0.019±0.003, and 0.109±0.019 mSvy<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. When the obtained results for all of the samples were compared to the internationally accepted norms, they were found to be below the permissible world average values. Furthermore, the lifetime cancer risk was discovered to be substantially below the permissible limit. According to the study, the risk of absorbing natural radionuclides from wheat flour consumption is negligible. The findings can be used to develop radiation protection rules and regulations for the use of wheat flour in food production and processing.</p>
Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Estimation of Radiological Hazards in Building Materials Commonly Used in Ethiopian Constructions.
<p>Natural radionuclide activity concentrations were measured in ceramic, gypsum, and brick samples from manufacturers, dealers, and construction sites in and around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, using an HPGe detector. The study's main objectives were to assess the building material activity and health impacts. Average activity concentrations (Bq.kg<sup>-1</sup>) for <sup>226</sup>Ra in ceramic, gypsum, and brick samples were obtained as 81.19 ± 1.88, 1.34 ± 0.17, and 39.83 ± 1.21, respectively. Respective values of <sup>232</sup>Th were obtained as 166.12 ± 4.20, 0.68 ± 0.18, and 103.71 ± 3.29 and concentrations of <sup>40</sup>K were found to be 755.06 ± 16.10,15.42 ± 1.97, and 921.22 ± 24.90, respectively. Some of the materials that were tested, especially the ceramic sample, had slightly higher concentrations of radionuclides. In all samples except ceramic, Ra<sub>eq </sub>was < 370 Bq.kg<sup>-1</sup>, which is the recommended limiting dose for bulk medium. Furthermore, the corresponding radiological parameters, absorbed dose, annual effective dose equivalent, excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR), internal (H<sub>in</sub>) and external (H<sub>ex</sub>) hazard indexes, gamma index (Iγ), and alpha index (Iα) were determined. The ELCR average values in this study are slightly higher than the global average, and the indoor and outdoor absorbed dose rates are greater than the limiting criteria of 84 and 59 nGyh<sup>-1</sup>. Therefore, especially for ceramic samples, it is important to assess their radiation potential and should be utilized in a controlled manner to decrease gamma exposure to inhabitants. Finally, the computed data could be used as a baseline to look at any radiological contamination caused by construction materials in the future.</p>
Characterization data for the EtNAM population and Ethiopian durum wheat landraces diversity panel
<p>In smallholder, low-input farming systems diffused in the Global South, farmers select and propagate crop varieties based on their traditional knowledge and experience. A quantitative integration of their knowledge into breeding pipelines may support the sustainable intensification of local farming. This data entry combines genomics with socioeconomics to tap into traditional knowledge in smallholder farming systems, focusing on durum wheat (<em>Triticum durum </em>Desf.). Data refer to a large nested association mapping (EtNAM) population that we developed by recombining elite international breeding line with Ethiopian traditional varieties maintained by local farmers. This entry carries also molecular and phenotypic data produced on a diversity panel (DP) of Ethiopian landraces previously characterized in four year-location combinations and published in Mengistu et al 2016 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12538">https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12538</a>). </p> <p>EtNAM lines and DP genotypes were evaluated for agronomic performances and farmers' appreciation in multiple locations, reveailing that gender and location can influence farmers' preference and that women and men farmers can consistently identify the best durum wheat genotypes. We used this data to train a genomic selection (GS) model with farmer scores to show that their prediction accuracy over grain yield was higher than that of the benchmark GS model trained on grain yield. The data was also used in a genome wide association mapping (GWAS) and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to identify genetic determinants of agronomic traits and farmer scores. Our data shows that farmers' traditional knowledge can be integrated in a quantitative framework to increase genetic gain in pre-breeding programs, supporting genomics-driven breeding for local adaptation.</p> <p>The Rdata files contain phenotypic and molecular characterization data for 1,200 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) deriving from the EtNAM and phenotypic and molecular characterization data for 400 durum wheat genotypes in the Ethiopian DP.</p>
Whole genome sequence variant discovery from Ethiopian Boran, N'Dama and Holstein cattle
<p>Whole genome sequence variants (SNPs) from forty samples of each Ethiopian Boran, N'Dama and Holstein cattle breeds which were utilised in the Assessment of genotyping array performance for genome-wide association studies and imputation in African cattle study by Riggio et al., 2022, (in review). The NDama sequences included samples from Guinea (n =21), Nigeria (n =10) and Senegal (n = 9); and the Boran samples from Ethiopia (n = 30) and Kenya (n = 10). Variants discovery followed the protocol described in the Material and Method section of the paper.</p>
Ethiopian Shield (A.1958.5.[2])
Ceremonial shield, of rhinoceros hide, covered with red velvet and ornamented with gold filigree Presented to Lord Inverclyde at Addis Ababa, in November 1951 by His Imperial Majesty, Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia Currently in Glasgow Museums Resource Centre. (Only front of shield was able to be photographed. Image created using recap360 and Blender). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Ethiopian Cross - Wood Carving
Wood carving of a cross from Ethiopia, 3D scanned with the Artec Space Spider. Texture captured and wrapped in Artec Studio 15. For more information on the scanner, please visit: https://gomeasure3d.com/artec/spider Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Ethiopian coffee cup
The ethiopian coffee cup set with pyrex and borosilicate glass can withstand high heat and cold and do not react with the liquid. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Brass Ethiopian Cross I - Artec Micro 3D Scan
Metal carving of a cross from Ethiopia, 3D scanned with the Artec Micro 3D scanner. Scans processed in Artec Studio 15. For more information on the scanner, please visit: https://gomeasure3d.com/artec/micro/ Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Figure 1 in The genus Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in Miocene Ethiopian amber
Figure 1. Allodia paleoafricana sp. nov., female, holotype MAIG 6017. Habitus in lateral view.
Geochronological and geochemical data of volcanic deposits of the Central Main Ethiopian Rift
<p>This database represents a collection of geochronological data, geochemistry of bulk rocks and melt inclusions from a large set of samples collected in the framework of two field surveys (2019, 2020) in the Central Main Ethiopian Rift.</p> <p>This dataset provides supporting information to the paper:<br>Franceschini Z., Cioni R., Scaillet S., Prouteau G., Corti G., Sani F., Mondanaro A., Frascerra D., Melaku A.A., Scaillet B., Oppenheimer C., Duval F. (2024) "Pulsatory volcanism in the Main Ethiopian Rift and its environmental consequences", Nature Communications Earth and Environment.</p> <p>The samples have been prepared for the different analyses at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Florence. The geochronological analyses building up the dataset have been performed at the Argon facility at the Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), in France. The analythical methods related to the 40Ar/39Ar analyses are described in detail in the above mentioned paper.<br>The geochemical dataset contains the results of major and trace elements concentrations on whole rock samples (performed at the Service d'Anlayse des Roches et des Mineraux -CNRS - CRPG of Nancy, in France) and major elements and volatile concentrations of melt inclusions belonging to four ignimbrite samples (analysed with an Electron Micro Probe Analyzer housed at the laboratories of the Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans, in France).</p> <p>These datasets have been performed in the frame of a PhD fellowship (granted to Zara Franceschini) funded by the Università Italo Francese (Bando Vinci 2018, n. C3-1717) and also partially supported by the Italian Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca (MiUR) through PRIN grant 2017P9AT72.</p>
FIGURE 5 in Additions to the oribatid mite fauna (Acari, Oribatida) of Ethiopia: results of the Joint Russian-Ethiopian Biological Expedition (2014) to the vicinity of Lake Tana
FIGURE 5: Haplozetes valbehanae n. sp., dissected adult, microscope images: A – part of left podosomal region with pedotectum II, discidium and trochanter III, ventral view; B – left genital plate and part of left epimeral region, ventral view; C – part of left ano-adanal region, ventral view; D – antero-dorsal tooth on leg tibia I; E – ventro-posterior apophysis on leg femur I; F – ventro-anterior tooth on leg femur II. Scale bar 20 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Additions to the oribatid mite fauna (Acari, Oribatida) of Ethiopia: results of the Joint Russian-Ethiopian Biological Expedition (2014) to the vicinity of Lake Tana
FIGURE 4: Haplozetes valbehanae n. sp., dissected adult, microscope images: A – rostrum, ventral view; B – rostral seta and medio-distal part of tutorium, right, antiaxial view; C – lamellar seta and medio-distal part of lamella, left, dorsal view; D – medio-distal part of bothridial seta, right, paraxial view; E–H – notogastral saccules Sa, S1, S2 and S3, respectively; I – cerotegumental tubercles on anterior part of ventral plate; J – distal part of leg I, left, paraxial view. Scale bar 20 µm.
Data from: Validation of Quality-of-Life assessment tool for Ethiopian old age people
<p><strong>Background</strong>: Reliable quality of life assessment is critical for identifying health issues, evaluating health interventions, and establishing the best health policies and care packages. The World Health Organization Quality of Life-Old Module is a tool for assessing the subjective quality of life in old age people. It's validated and available in more than 20 languages, except Amharic. Hence, this study was intended to translate it into Amharic language and validate it among old age people in Ethiopia.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 180 community-dwelling old age people in Ethiopia, from January 16 to March 13, 2021. Psychometric validation was achieved through Cronbach's alpha of the internal consistency reliability test, and construct validity from confirmatory factor analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The study participants aged from 60 to 90 years old with a mean age of 69.44. Females made up 61.7% of the population, and 40% of them could not read and write. The results showed a relatively low level of quality of life, with the total transformed score of 58.58 ± 23.15. The Amharic version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Old Module showed a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.96 and corrected item-total correlations of more than 0.74. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the six-factor model with a chi-square (X2) of 341.98 with a p-value less than 0.001. The comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.98, Tucker-Lewis's index (TCL) was 0.97, and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) was 0.046.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The Amharic version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Old Module indicated good internal consistency reliability and construct validity. The tool can be utilized to provide care to Ethiopian community-dwelling old age people.</p>
Data from: Genetic diversity and environmental adaptation in Ethiopian tef
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