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36 results for “Fall armyworm”
FIGURE 3 in First record of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in Viet Nam
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene of S. frugiperda on maize in various locations in Viet Nam. The tree with the highest log likelihood (-1501,3576) is shown. The evolutionary history was inferred using maximum likelihood based on the Kimura 2-parameter model of evolution (Kimura, 1980). The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Mythimna separata MH900454 was used as the outgroup.
FIGURE 2 in First record of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in Viet Nam
FIGURE 2. Photographs of Spodoptera frugiperda: (A) egg mass; (B) full grown larva; (C) pupae; (D) adult male; (E) adult female; (F) male genitalia; (G) part of male genitalia valve showing clavus and costal process; (H) female genitalia.
Datasets from: The distribution of covert natural enemies of a globally invasive crop pest, the fall armyworm, in Africa; enemy-release and spillover events
<p>These datasets are for the analyses carried out in paper in Journal of Animal Ecology titled 'The distribution of covert natural enemies of a globally invasive crop pest, the fall armyworm, in Africa; enemy-release and spillover events.' The authors of the paper are Amy J. Withers, Annabel Rice, Jolanda de Boer, Philip Donkersley, Aislinn J. Pearson, Gilson Chipabika, Patrick Karangwa, Bellancile Uzayisenga, Benjamin A. Mensah, Samuel Adjei Mensah, Phillip Obed Yobe Nkunika, Donald Kachigamba, Judith A. Smith, Christopher M. Jones and Kenneth Wilson<span>.</span></p> <p><span><span> </span></span><span>Invasive species pose a significant threat to biodiversity and agriculture worldwide, and here we investigated the prevalence of natural enemies in fall armyworm</span><span> (</span><em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em><span>) </span><span>in Africa</span><span>. </span><span>This study aimed to identify which microbial pathogens are present in invasive fall armyworm, and determine the geographical, meteorological, and temporal variables that influence prevalence. </span><span>Larval samples were screened from Malawi, Rwanda, Kenya, Zambia, Sudan, and Ghana for the presence of four different microbial natural enemies; two nucleopolyhedroviruses, Spodoptera frugiperda NPV (SfMNPV) and Spodoptera exempta NPV (SpexNPV); the fungal pathogen </span><em>Metarhizium rileyi</em><span>;</span><span> and the bacterium </span><em>Wolbachia</em><span>. One dataset (</span>ALL_diseaseprevalence_year_season<span>) includes the results of this screening for all four microbial nartural enemies and sampling information, the other dataset (</span>SfMNPVprevalence_weather_topographic_temporal_variables<span>) includes the results for SfMNPV and sampling information alongside variables relating to temperature, rainfall, elevation, growing season and time since the fall armyworm first arrived in each country. These variables were used to investigate whether SfMNPV prevalence was affected by</span><span> </span><span>geographical, meteorological or temporal variables.</span></p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Early R, González-Moreno P, Murphy ST, Day R (2018) Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm. NeoBiota 40: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.40.28165
Supplementary material : Explanation note: Table S1. Summary of evidence for fall armyworm developmental and population responses to the environment extracted from literature sources. Figure S1. Effect of different sub-sampling proportions and pseudo-absence selection diameters on model predictions (maps). Figure S2. Effect of different sub-sampling proportions and pseudo-absence selection diameters on Balanced Accuracy. Figure S3. Histograms of each environmental variable in 10 arc-minute grid-cells from which the fall armyworm is recorded. Figure S4. Multivariate Environmental Similarity Surface analysis. Figure S5. Empirically measured environmental effects on fall armyworm life cycle. Figure S6. Trade and passenger air transportation within Africa.
Data from: Patterns of genomic and allochronic strain divergence in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
<p>Speciation is the process through which reproductive isolation develops between distinct populations. Because this process takes time, speciation studies often necessarily examine populations within a species that are at various stages of divergence. The fall armyworm, <em>Spodoptera frugiperda </em>(J.E.Smith), is comprised of two strains (R=Rice & C=Corn) that serve as a novel system to explore population divergence in sympatry. Here, we use ddRADSeq data to show that fall armyworm strains in the field are largely genetically distinct, but some interstrain hybridization occurs. Although we detected F1 hybrids of both R- and C-strain maternal origin, only hybrids with R-strain mtDNA were found to contribute to subsequent generations, possibly indicating a unidirectional barrier to gene flow. Although these strains have been previously defined as 'host plant-associated,' we recovered an equal proportion of R- and C-strain individuals in fields dominated by C-strain host plants. As an alternative to host associated divergence, we tested the hypothesis that differences in nightly activity patterns could account for reproductive isolation by genotyping temporally-collected moths. Our data indicates that strains exhibit a significant shift in the timing of their nightly activities in the field. This divergence in phenology creates a prezygotic reproductive barrier that likely maintains the genetic isolation between strains. Thus, we conclude that it may be ecologically inaccurate to refer to the C- and R- strain as 'host-associated' and they should more appropriately be considered 'allochronic strains.'</p>
Effects of food plants on life-history traits of the newly invasive fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda
<p><strong>Background:</strong>The fall armyworm (FAW) <em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em> (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) has invaded Jiangxi Province, Southeast China for the past three years. Although the FAW displays a wide host range, its main host plants in Jiangxi Province is field corn. Understanding the population dynamics of the FAW on different host plants is critical for developing an appropriate control strategy.</p> <p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the effects of food plants (corn, peanut, soybean and sugarcane) on life-history traits of FAW and tested the leaf contents of the total flavonoids, reducing sugars, sucrose and C/N ratio of these host plants.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the FAW fed on corn leaves exhibited significantly shorter larval and pupal development times, larger body weight, higher growth rate, lower weight loss, smaller sexual size dimorphism, shorter preoviposition period and higher fecundity than those fed on peanut, soybean and sugarcane leaves. The FAW showed a protogyny phenomenon because the pupal development stage was significantly longer in males than females. Food plants changed the relationships between larval development time and pupal weight and between fecundity and longevity. The corn leaves showed significantly higher contents of reducing sugars and sucrose, lower content of the total flavonoids and a moderate C/N ratio compared with the other leaves, suggesting that the corn leaf tissues are more nutritious.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results provide the most comprehensive information about the life-history traits of this newly invasive pest. These findings may help us understand why the FAW mainly infests corn plants and may be critical for the development of strategies to predict infestation levels.</p>
Data from: Patterns of genomic and allochronic strain divergence in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
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Bioecology of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), its management and potential patterns of seasonal spread in Africa
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Datasets from: The distribution of covert natural enemies of a globally invasive crop pest, the fall armyworm, in Africa; enemy-release and spillover events
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Supplementary material 2 from: Early R, González-Moreno P, Murphy ST, Day R (2018) Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm. NeoBiota 40: 25-50. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.40.28165
Table S2. Distribution data from the Americas :
Supplementary material 1 from: Caniço A, Mexia A, Santos L (2021) Farmers' knowledge, perception and management practices of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) in Manica province, Mozambique. NeoBiota 68: 127-143. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.68.62844
Questionnaire used to interview farmers
Differential transcriptome analysis reveals genes related to low- and high-temperature stress in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
GEO Series GSE175545. Spodoptera frugiperda. 3 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Verson’s glands contribute to molting and antimicrobial response in the Fall armyworm
GEO Series GSE220983. Spodoptera frugiperda. 3 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Identifying factors determining the distribution of the invasive pest fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
<p>The raw data of Identifying factors determining the distribution of the invasive pest fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda</p>
Multiple Evolutionary Pathways to Host Adaptation in the Fall Armyworm
GEO Series GSE276946. Spodoptera frugiperda. 6 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Antifeedant efficacy of Mentha spicata aqueous extracts on fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): a preliminary analysis
<p>Fall armyworms (<em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>) cause massive destruction to crop produce and vegetation worldwide. Over the years, synthetic insecticides have been used to combat the devastating effects of this notorious polyphagous insect pest. Synthetic insecticides are not only expensive, but they are also harmful to the ecosystem. Safer and cost-effective deterrents, such as those derived from natural products, are highly warranted. This study proposes simplified methods for extracting and the examining the antifeedant properties of phytochemicals <em>Mentha spicata </em>aqueous extracts. Moreover, the study explains why the extracts from <em>Mentha spicata </em>can be potent alternatives to commercially available insecticides.</p>
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