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FIGURE 4 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP

FIGURE 4. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. A = praeclitellar segments (½ X – ½ XII) (sperm funnels marked with arrows, B = Photograph of bursal slits (marked with arrows) of the male copulatory organs, C = Photograph of the subneural gland in XIV (marked with arrow).

FIGURE 3 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP

FIGURE 3. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. Photograph of the clitellar glands (dorsal view).

FIGURE 1 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP

FIGURE 1. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. A = setal bundles of a praeclitellar segment (lateroventral view), B = Photograph of the cutaneous glands of a praeclitellar segment (dorsal view), C = Photograph of the head (head pore marked with arrows), D = Photograph of the head (brain marked with arrows), E = Photograph of the coelomocytes. Each photograph is sized with a black line representing 50 μm length.

FIGURE 6 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP

FIGURE 6. The gel image BsuRI of restriction digestion. The numbering of samples corresponds with the number in Table 1. The character M nominates the molecular marker, the length of fragments are represented on the left side of the photo (also by Fig. 7–10).

FIGURE 5 in Description of a new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) and its molecular comparison with two morphologically similar species by PCRRFLP

FIGURE 5. Fridericia crassiductata sp.n. A = Photograph of the spermatheca. (the diverticle fill with sperm around the ampulla marked with black arrows, the ectal duct with white arrows, ectal gland with asterisk, B = Photograph of the opening of spermathecal ectal duct (glands marked with black arrows, duct with white arrow), C = Photograph of the opening of spermathecal ectal duct three glands marked with black arrows, duct with white arrow).

FIGURE 2 in Three new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from Transylvania, Romania

FIGURE 2. Fridericia transylvanica sp. n. (A–E): A.Nephridium, B. Coelomocytes. C. Sperm funnel. D. Spermatheca. E. Oesophageal appendage. Fridericia gyromonodactyla sp. n. (F–I): F. Pharyngeal gland. G. Sperm funnel. H. Coelomocytes. I. Spermathecae. Fridericia longeaurita sp. n. (J–N): J. Spermathecae. K. Single spermatheca (fusion with the other not observed). L. Sperm funnel, M. Coelomocytes, N. Oesophageal appendage.

FIGURE 5 in Three new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from Transylvania, Romania

FIGURE 5. Micrographs of Fridericia gyromonodactyla sp.n. A. Brain (stained worm on slide). B. Pharyngeal glands (marked with arrows, stained worm on slide), C. Clitellar glands lateral (saddle-shaped clitellum), the male apparatus marked with arrow, in vivo. D. Sperm funnel in vivo. E. Sperm funnel in another specimen in vivo, F. Male apparatus (marked with arrows, stained worms on slide). G. Subneural glands in XIII and XIV (marked with arrows, fixed and stained worms on slide). H. Spermathecae in vivo (fusion of proximal parts marked with arrow). I. Spermatheca (spermathecal duct contracted, the coiled diverticula marked with arrow, in vivo). J. Distal part of spermathecal duct with ectal gland and tapering canal at the orifice. K. Spermathecal diverticula with sperm inside (marked with arrows, fixed and stained). All scale bars except in 5J,K = 50 Μm.

FIGURE 6 in Three new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from Transylvania, Romania

FIGURE 6. Micrographs of Fridericia longeaurita sp.n. A. Brain, in vivo, B. Segments VI–IX with stronger septa, and many coelomocytes in coelom, C. Chaetae ventrally in VI. (in holotype). D. Nephridium, posterior body end. E. Coelomocytes (fixed and stained). F. Coelomo-mucocytes (characteristic fine granules at the periphery) and large lenticytes (marked with arrow) in 100 x magnifying, in vivo. G. Chylus cells in XV in vivo. H. Sperm funnels (holotype, unstained whole mount). I. Sperm funnels (holotype in vivo). All scale bars except in 6F = 50 Μm.

FIGURE 7 in Three new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from Transylvania, Romania

FIGURE 7. Micrographs of Fridericia longeaurita sp.n. A. Bursal slit (marked with arrow, holotype, in vivo). B. Segments IV–V with spermathaecae (fixed, stained, pg= pharyngeal glands). C, D. Spermathecae in vivo, holotype, sperm in the diverticula marked with arrows. E, F. Spermathecae in different specimens in vivo. Scale bars = 50 Μm.

FIGURE 4 in Three new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from Transylvania, Romania

FIGURE 4. Micrographs of Fridericia transylvanica sp.n. A. Spermathecae, fixed and stained (ph= pharyngeal glands). B. One spermatheca in vivo, the long spermathecal duct with the large brown ectal gland (marked with arrow) clearly visible. C. Spermathecal ampullae with the two diverticula, in vivo. D. Fixed and stained spermatheca (sperm in diverticula). E. Subneural gland in XIV (fixed and stained), marked with arrow. Scale bars = 50 Μm.

FIGURE 3 in Three new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from Transylvania, Romania

FIGURE 3. Micrographs of Fridericia transylvanica sp.n. A. Citellar glands dorsally in vivo, B. Clitellar glands laterally, ventral side to the top (unstained whole mount), C. Clitellum ventrally in vivo (glands weakly developed, ventrally only granulocytes), bursal slits marked with arrows. D. Typical T-shaped bursal slit in vivo, marked with arrow, E. Coelomomucocytes fixed and stained. F. Male copulatory apparatus marked with white arrows, chylus cells marked with black arrow (unstained whole mount), G. Nephridium in IX/X, H. Sperm funnels in vivo (marked with arrow), I. Intestinal contents with many crystals inside (in vivo). All scale bars except in 3I = 50 Μm.

FIGURE 1. Fridericia transylvanica, F. gyromonodactyla and F. longeaurita spp. n in Three new Fridericia species (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from Transylvania, Romania

FIGURE 1. Fridericia transylvanica, F. gyromonodactyla and F. longeaurita spp. n., sampling sites in Romania and Serbia.

FIGURE 5 in Morphological and molecular distinction of two Fridericia species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) having same spermatheca type

FIGURE 5. Micrographs of Fridericia galba. A. Bursal slit (arrow). B. Male copulatory organs, ventral view. C. Sperm funnels. D, E. Spermathecae. A, C–E in vivo, B fixed, stained. Scale bars 50 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Morphological and molecular distinction of two Fridericia species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) having same spermatheca type

FIGURE 3. Micrograph of Fridericia ventrochaetosa sp. n. A. Sperm funnels (paratype P.112.1.2, No. 2219=DNA 978). B, D. Spermathecae (paratype P.112.2.6, No. 2345=DNA 1116). C. Spermathecae (holotype). E. Spermatheca (paratype P.112.1.2, No. 2219=DNA 978). F. Dissected spermatheca (paratype P.112.2.1, No. 2266). G. Epidermal gland cells around the opening of spermatheca (opening marked with arrow). A, B, D, G in vivo, E, F fixed, stained, C fixed, not stained. Scale bars in A 20 µm, in the rest 50 µm.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological and molecular distinction of two Fridericia species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) having same spermatheca type

FIGURE 1. Micrographs of Fridericia ventrochaetosa sp. n. A. Brain (DNA 1109). B. Brain (holotype). C. Epidermal glands. D. Thick body wall and cuticle (marked with arrow). E. Strong septa, 5/6– 9/10 (holotype). F–G. Head region (the thick epithelium of prostomium marked with arrow). H. Clitellar glands, lateral view. I. Clitellum of a dissected species (above the dorsal gap without glands, below the clitellar glands in transverse rows). J–K. Coelomocytes (J, paratype P.112.1.2, No. 2219=DNA 978). L. Nephridium of a juvenile specimen, in the middle part of body; M. Preclitellar nephridium (paratype P.112.1.2, No. 2219=DNA 978). A, C, H, J, L–M in vivo, B, E fixed, not stained, D, F–G, I, K. fixed, stained. Scale bars 50 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Morphological and molecular distinction of two Fridericia species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) having same spermatheca type

FIGURE 2. Micrographs of Fridericia ventrochaetosa sp. n. A. End of oesophageal appendage with multiple branches (arrows). B. Male copulatory organs (arrows); clitellar gland cells visible laterally and ventrally posterior to copulatory organs. C. Midgut pars tumida (arrows) in XXXI–XXXIII (holotype). D. Chylus cells in XIII–XIV. E. Male copulatory organs, ventral view, holotype. Strong bursal muscle marked with arrow. Asterisk: region between the two organs without clitellar glands. F– G. Bursal slits (marked with arrow in G). H. Male copulatory organ, lateral view (paratype P.112.1.2, No. 2219=DNA 978). I,J. Sperm funnels (paratype P.112.1.2, No. 2219=DNA 978). A, F, G, I in vivo, B, D, H, J fixed, stained, C, E fixed, not stained. Scale bars 50 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Morphological and molecular distinction of two Fridericia species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) having same spermatheca type

FIGURE 6. Fridericia species with multiple diverticula, maximum likelihood (ML) trees of the ITS region (A), CO1 (B) and H3 genes (C). Bootstrap values greater than 50 are shown at the nodes. Accession codes of sequences with collection information are given in Table 2. A. ML tree of the ITS region based on 817 nucleotide positions using the K2+I substitution model. B. ML tree of the CO1 gene based on 427 nucleotide positions using the TN93+G substitution model. C. ML tree of the H3 gene based on 200 nucleotide positions using the K2+G substitution model. Scale bar, 0.05 substitutions per nucleotide. Paratypes of the new species are indicated with P in parentheses.

FIGURE 4 in Morphological and molecular distinction of two Fridericia species (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) having same spermatheca type

FIGURE 4. Micrographs of Fridericia galba (Hoffmeister, 1843). A, B. Brain. C. Brown epidermal glands, dorsal view; head pore marked with arrow. D. Thick body wall. Thin cuticle marked with arrow. E. Chaetae and brown epidermal glands, ventral view. F. Head region; thin epithelium of prostomium marked with arrow. G. Clitellar glands, dorso-lateral view. H. Accessory sexual gland in V. I. Accessory sexual gland in XI (marked with black arrow, male copulatory organ marked with white arrow), lateral view. J. Accessory sexual gland in XIII (marked with black arrow, male copulatory organs marked with white arrows), ventral view. A, C, E, G, I in vivo; B, D, F, H, J fixed, stained. Scale bars 50 µm.

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Figure 1 in Review of the Fridericia species (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) possessing two spermathecal diverticula and description of a new species

Figure 1. Fridericia lacii sp. nov. (A) Oesophageal appendage, (B) coelomocytes, (C) sperm funnel, (D) nephridium, (E) spermatheca. Scale bar represents 50 Mm except in (B) where the line represents 25 Mm.