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865 results for “Geographic data”
Data from: Functional and phylogenetic dimensions of tree biodiversity reveal unique geographic patterns
<p>Aim: Quantify tree functional and phylogenetic richness and divergence at the global scale, and explore the drivers underpinning these biogeographic patterns.</p> <p>Location: Global</p> <p>Time Period: Present</p> <p>Major taxa studied: Trees </p> <p>Methods: Using global tree occurrence data, we outlined species' observed ranges using individual alpha hulls to obtain per-pixel tree species composition. Using eight traits from a recent tree-trait database and a vascular-plant phylogeny we computed and mapped four pixel level biodiversity indices, including two metrics related to richness: phylogenetic richness and functional richness and two related to divergence: mean pairwise phylogenetic distance and Rao's quadratic entropy. To account for the effect of species richness, we also calculated standardized effect sizes accounting for richness for each pixel. We then explored the relations between richness and divergence and the latitudinal patterns of divergence both globally and across biomes. Finally, we used a random forest modeling approach to test for drivers of the different dimensions of diversity in trees.</p> <p>Results: In contrast to the latitudinal gradient in species richness, functional and phylogenetic divergence both peak in mid-latitude systems, exhibiting the highest values in temperate ecosystems and lowest values in boreal and tropical forests. This result holds for functional divergence when removing gymnosperms but the peak flattens for phylogenetic divergence. Phylogenetic richness is consistently lower than expected given the number of species, whereas functional richness has higher-than-expected values at mid-latitudes, mimicking functional divergence patterns. When considering the drivers of these diversity patterns, temperature and historical speciation rates consistently emerge as the strongest forces driving divergence, with negligible effects of human influence, soils or historical climate stability.</p> <p>Main Conclusions: Collectively, these results reveal unique similarities and disparities across biomes that are not apparent in any single dimension of biodiversity, highlighting the importance of considering multiple aspects of biodiversity in the management of natural ecosystems.</p>
Fig. 4 in Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland
Fig. 4. Haplotype network showing the occurrence of three groups (upper rio Xingu, upper rio Paraguay and upper rio Tapajós). Traces show the number of mutational steps from two adjacent haplotypes. Circle diameters are proportional to the number of individuals, which each haplotype and the colors represent the locality were those haplotypes were found. Upper rio Xingu= Pink (1: dark pink); upper rio Paraguay = Blue (2: light blue; 3: navy blue; 4: dark blue; 5: light pink; 6: orange; 7: light purple; 8: dark purple; 9: white; 10: yellow; 11: light green; 12: dark green); and upper rio Tapajós= Gray (13: light gray and 14: dark gray).
Fig. 3 in Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree showing relationships among major lineages of Jupiaba acanthogaster from the upper rio Paraguay, upper rio Tapajós and upper rio Xingu, obtained by a maximum likelihood partitioned analysis. Numbers at each of the main nodes represents percentage of bootstrap support obtained by maximum parsimony analysis (1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates).
Fig. 2 in Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland
Fig. 2. Distribution of sampled localities for Jupiaba acanthogaster in the upper rio Paraguay, rio Tapajós and rio Xingú basins. The drainages of the rio Tocantins, rio Araguaia and upper rio Paraná are also illustrated. Drainage boundaries delimited by a continuous black line.
Fig. 1 in Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland
Fig. 1. Map of the upper rio Paraguay basin and adjoining areas showing the distribution of Leporinus octomatulatus, Jubiaba acanthogaster, Oligosarcus perdido, Moenkhausia cosmops, and Hypostomus cochliodon, exemplifying distributional pattern discussed in this paper.
The Philippine Archipelago, with major landmasses and other geographical features indicated. Prepared by Jeffrey L. Weinell. in Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature
The Philippine Archipelago, with major landmasses and other geographical features indicated. Prepared by Jeffrey L. Weinell.
gellum black. Femora all black or forefemur ferruginous in apicoventral half; foretibia brown or ferruginous, midtibia brown ferruginous, hindtibia brown; tarsi varying from brown to ferruginous. ♂.– Unknown. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.– Known only from higher elevations (1020-1130 m above sea level) of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. RECORDS (Fig. 29).— All specimens were collected in Ranomafana National Park, Fianarantsoa Province. Holotype: ♀, Belle Vue at Talatakely at 21º15.99'S 47º25.21'E, alt. 1020 m, 14-21 Jan 2002, M. Irwin and R. Harin 'Hala (CAS). Paratypes: Radio tower at forest edge at 21º15.05'S 47º24.43'E, alt. 1130 m, 23 Aug – 7 Sept 2006 and 1-11 Nov 2006, M. Irwin and R. Harin 'Hala (2 ♀, CAS); same data as holotype except 22-28 Nov 2001 and R. Harin 'Hala alone (1 ♀, CAS); Vohiparara at 21º13.57'S 47º22.19'E, alt. 1110 m, 22-28 Nov 2001, R. Harin 'Hala (1 ♀, CAS). FIGURE 29. Collecting localities of Tachytes melanogaster sp. nov. in A Review of the Wasp Genus Tachytes Panzer, 1806 of Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae)
gellum black. Femora all black or forefemur ferruginous in apicoventral half; foretibia brown or ferruginous, midtibia brown ferruginous, hindtibia brown; tarsi varying from brown to ferruginous. ♂.– Unknown. GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION.– Known only from higher elevations (1020-1130 m above sea level) of Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. RECORDS (Fig. 29).— All specimens were collected in Ranomafana National Park, Fianarantsoa Province. Holotype: ♀, Belle Vue at Talatakely at 21º15.99'S 47º25.21'E, alt. 1020 m, 14-21 Jan 2002, M. Irwin and R. Harin 'Hala (CAS). Paratypes: Radio tower at forest edge at 21º15.05'S 47º24.43'E, alt. 1130 m, 23 Aug – 7 Sept 2006 and 1-11 Nov 2006, M. Irwin and R. Harin 'Hala (2 ♀, CAS); same data as holotype except 22-28 Nov 2001 and R. Harin 'Hala alone (1 ♀, CAS); Vohiparara at 21º13.57'S 47º22.19'E, alt. 1110 m, 22-28 Nov 2001, R. Harin 'Hala (1 ♀, CAS). FIGURE 29. Collecting localities of Tachytes melanogaster sp. nov.
Fig. 5. Parsimony splits network constructed from a per and ITS2 concatenated sequence data set. Heterozygous specimens are indicated with A and B in Ecological and geographical speciation in Lucilia bufonivora: The evolution of amphibian obligate parasitism
Fig. 5. Parsimony splits network constructed from a per and ITS2 concatenated sequence data set. Heterozygous specimens are indicated with A and B. 'bufonivora_EUROPE_A' represents a consistent haplotype present in all 12 samples from Europe (Table 1), of which just two were heterozygous ('bufonivora_frog' and 'bufonivora_NLWi'). 'bufonivora_CAN' and 'elongata_CAN' are represented by two samples each, none of which were heterozygous. Scale bar represents expected changes per site.
Figure 2. a in Geographical variation in morphometry, craniometry, and diet of a mammalian species (Stone marten, Martes foina) using data mining
Figure 2. a) Silhouette measure for body size data. b) Silhouette measure for craniometrical data. c) Silhouette measure for dietary data.
Figure 3. a in Geographical variation in morphometry, craniometry, and diet of a mammalian species (Stone marten, Martes foina) using data mining
Figure 3. a) Cluster sizes for body size data. b) Cluster sizes for craniometrical data. c) Cluster sizes for dietary data.
FIGURE 5 in Assessing extinction risk from geographic distribution data in Neotropical freshwater fishes
FIGURE 5 | Collection points for 442 threatened Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFF) colored by elevation and sized by species' description year. Threatened NFF species are often those described decades ago, with range-restricted distributions in the upland rivers of the Brazilian Shield and the Colombian Andes, and coastal Atlantic and Caribbean drainages. CR: Critically Endangered; EN: Endangered; VU: Vulnerable; DD: Data Deficient (gray). Data for 4,412 localities with geographic coordinates.
FIGURE 6 in Assessing extinction risk from geographic distribution data in Neotropical freshwater fishes
FIGURE 6 | Collection points for 671 potentially threatened Neotropical Freshwater Fishes (NFF). Potentially threatened NFF species predicted by the ConR package using EOO estimates are usually distributed outside protected areas (e.g., national parks, indigenous lands: green) and more often located in the upland rivers of the northern, central and southern Andes, and Eastern Guiana Shield. CR: Critically Endangered; EN: Endangered; VU: Vulnerable; LC or NT: Least Concern or Near Threatened; DD: Data Deficient. Data for 4,412 localities with geographic coordinates. Protected areas (green) from: https://www.protectedplanet.net.
FIGURE 2 in Assessing extinction risk from geographic distribution data in Neotropical freshwater fishes
FIGURE 2 | Extinction risks in 3,001 Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFF). On average, 14% (422 of 3,001) NFF species are classified by the IUCN Red List (RL) as Vulnerable (VU), Endangered (EN) or Critically Endangered (CR). Extinction risks are relatively similar among the orders Characiformes (8.2%), Siluriformes (10.8%), Cichliformes (10.0%), and Gymnotiformes (14.9%). An exception is the clade Cyprinodontiformes, where about 48% of species are classified as either VU, EN, or CR. LC or NT: Least Concern or Near Threatened; DD: Data Deficient.
FIGURE 4 in Assessing extinction risk from geographic distribution data in Neotropical freshwater fishes
FIGURE 4 | Collection points for 442 threatened Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFF). Threatened NFF species classified by the IUCN Red List (RL) are often distributed in the upland rivers of the Brazilian Shield and the Colombian Andes, and coastal Atlantic and Caribbean drainages. CR: Critically Endangered; EN: Endangered; VU: Vulnerable; DD: Data Deficient. Data for 4,412 localities with geographic coordinates.
FIGURE 3 in Assessing extinction risk from geographic distribution data in Neotropical freshwater fishes
FIGURE 3 | Association among three variables and extinction risks in 3,001 Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFF). A. IUCN-Red List (RL) threat categories by species description dates. B. Species description dates by taxonomic orders. C. IUCN-RL categories by geographic ranges. D. Geographic ranges by taxonomic orders. E. IUCN-RL categories by elevation ranges. F. Elevational ranges by taxonomic orders. Threatened status are usually higher for recently described NFF species, those inhabiting narrow geographic ranges, and those confined to upland river drainages. CR: Critically Endangered; EN: Endangered; VU: Vulnerable; DD: Data Deficient.
FIGURE 1 in Assessing extinction risk from geographic distribution data in Neotropical freshwater fishes
FIGURE 1 | Sample of the phenotypic diversity of Neotropical freshwater fishes. Upper left to lower right: Lycengraulis grossidens (Spix & Agassiz, 1829); Hyphessobrycon hexastichos Bertaco & Carvalho, 2005; Geophagus neambi Lucinda, Lucena & Assis, 2010; Crenicichla lepidota Heckel, 1840; Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766); Anablepsoides xinguensis (Costa, 2010); Abramites hypselonotus (Günther 1868); Pituna xinguensis Costa & Nielsen, 2007; Gymnotus cuia Craig, Malabarba, Crampton & Albert, 2018; Apteronotus caudimaculosus de Santana, 2003; Colomesus tocantinensis Amaral, Brito, Silva & Carvalho, 2013; Corydoras britskii (Nijssen & Isbrücker, 1983). Species not shown in scale.
FIGURE 11 in Uncertainties and risks in delimiting species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with single-locus methods and geographically restricted data
FIGURE 11 | Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Cambeva species obtained from COI data. The vertical red line shows the coalescent branching process estimated by using the single-threshold model in the GMYC combination 4 (strict clock model vs. a coalescent constant population
FIGURE 7 in Uncertainties and risks in delimiting species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with single-locus methods and geographically restricted data
FIGURE 7 | Coloration pattern of Cambeva species. (A, B). Cambeva guaraquessaba, UFRGS 24554, 37.0 and 36.9 mm SL, respectively, tributary of Guaraqueçaba River basin, Paranaguá Bay. C–D. Cambeva tupinamba, UFRGS 24550, 63.0 mm SL and 39.4 mm SL, Betari River, Ribeira de Iguape River basin.
FIGURE 10 in Uncertainties and risks in delimiting species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with single-locus methods and geographically restricted data
FIGURE 10 | Variation on the coloration of Cambeva sp. 2 from (A–D) Tubarão River, UFRGS 24553, 66.1, 45.4, and 56.04, 52.1 mm SL, and (E, F) Araranguá River, UFRGS 22964, 61.1 and 60.7 mm SL, respectively, showing a unique color pattern that differs from other congeners in the study area: one layer of coloration composed of not coalescent round small blotches.
FIGURE 8 in Uncertainties and risks in delimiting species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with single-locus methods and geographically restricted data
FIGURE 8 | Coloration pattern of Cambeva zonata, (A–C) UFRGS 24538, (A) 51.1 mm SL, (B) 48.4 mm SL, Betari River, Ribeira de Iguape River basin, and (C) 41.4 mm SL.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.