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69 results for “Geographical divergence”
Data for Geographic variation in phenotypic divergence between two hybridizing field cricket species
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Data from: Limited thermal plasticity and geographic divergence in the ovipositor of Drosophila suzukii
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Data from: Genomic differentiation during speciation-with-gene-flow: comparing geographic and host-related variation in divergent life history adaptation in Rhagoletis pomonella
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Liolophura species discrimination with geographical distribution patterns and their divergence and expansion history on the northwestern Pacific coast
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Data from: Patterns of divergence across the geographic and genomic landscape of a butterfly hybrid zone associated with a climatic gradient
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Data from: Divergent lineages in a semi-arid mallee species, Eucalyptus behriana, correspond to a major geographic break in south-eastern Australia
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Ecological, genetic and geographical divergence explain differences in sunbird (Nectariniidae) colouration
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Data from: "A cleaner break": genetic divergence between geographic groups and sympatric phenotypes revealed in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)
<p>Capture and long-distance translocation of cleaner fish to control lice infestations on marine salmonid farms has the potential to influence wild populations via overexploitation in source regions, and introgression in recipient regions. Knowledge of population genetic structure is therefore required. We studied the genetics of ballan wrasse, a phenotypically diverse and extensively used cleaner fish, from 18 locations in Norway and Sweden, and from Galicia, Spain. We detected two very distinct genetic groups in Scandinavia, northwest and southeast. These groups were split by a stretch of sandy beaches in southwest Norway, representing a habitat discontinuity for this rocky shore associated benthic egg laying species. The Galician sample was highly differentiated from all Scandinavian samples, but overall closer to northwestern samples. . Distinct genetic differences were observed between sympatric spotty and plain phenotypes in Galicia, but not in Scandinavia. The mechanisms underlying the geographical patterns between phenotypes are discussed, but not identified. We conclude that extensive aquaculture-mediated translocation of ballan wrasse from Sweden and southern Norway, to western and middle Norway, has the potential to mix genetically distinct populations. These results question the sustainability of the current cleaner fish practice.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Phenotypic divergence in large sized cricket frog species that crossed the geographical barriers within peninsular India
FIGURE 4. Principal Component Analysis for male individuals of F. kalinga (from WG and EG), F. goemchi and F. kudremukhensis using six morphometric characters (Table 2) transformed to their ratio to SVL for from the Western Ghats.
FIGURE 3. Principal Component Analysis for male individuals using 31 in Phenotypic divergence in large sized cricket frog species that crossed the geographical barriers within peninsular India
FIGURE 3. Principal Component Analysis for male individuals using 31 morphometric characters (Table 1) transformed to their ratio to SVL for F. kalinga from the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats.
FIGURE 2 in Phenotypic divergence in large sized cricket frog species that crossed the geographical barriers within peninsular India
FIGURE 2. Maximum Likelihood phylogeny for the large sized fejervaryan frogs having predominant distribution in the Western Ghats / Eastern Ghats' (Figure 2, Phuge et al. 2019) with the present data based on 529 bp of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene.
FIGURE 1 in Phenotypic divergence in large sized cricket frog species that crossed the geographical barriers within peninsular India
FIGURE 1. Details of the type localities for the species of Fejervarya described from peninsular India (1. F. orissaensis; 2. F. kalinga (from the Eastern Ghats, marked by a star); 3. F. marathi; 4. F. syhadrensis; 5. F. cepfi; 6. F. goemchi; 7. F. gomantaki; 8. New collections of F. kalinga from the Western Ghats (marked by a star); 9. F. krishnan; 10. F. modesta; 11. F. mysorensis;12. F. kudremukhensis; 13. F. sahyadris; 14. F. rufescens; 15.F. sauriceps;16. F. caperata; 17. F. mudduraja; 18. F. murthii; 19. F. nilagirica; 20. F. neilcoxi; 21. F. kadar; 22. F. parambikulamana; 23. F. keralensis; 24. F. manoharani and 25. F. agricola;)
FIGURE 5 in Phenotypic divergence in large sized cricket frog species that crossed the geographical barriers within peninsular India
FIGURE 5. Fejervarya kalinga in life from A) the Western Ghats (Sirsi, Uttara Kannada, Karnataka); B) the Eastern Ghats (Sileru, Vishakapatanam, Andhra Pradesh).
Data from: Phylogeography, genetic structure and population divergence time of cheetahs in Africa and Asia: evidence for long-term geographic isolates
The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) has been described as a species with low levels of genetic variation. This has been suggested to be the consequence of a demographic bottleneck 10 000–12 000 years ago (ya) and also led to the assumption that only small genetic differences exist between the described subspecies. However, analysing mitochondrial DNA and microsatellites in cheetah samples from most of the historic range of the species we found relatively deep phylogeographic breaks between some of the investigated populations, and most of the methods assessed divergence time estimates predating the postulated bottleneck. Mitochondrial DNA monophyly and overall levels of genetic differentiation support the distinctiveness of Northern-East African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii). Moreover, combining archaeozoological and contemporary samples, we show that Asiatic cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) are unambiguously separated from African subspecies. Divergence time estimates from mitochondrial and nuclear data place the split between Asiatic and Southern African cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) at 32 000–67 000 ya using an average mammalian microsatellite mutation rate and at 4700–44 000 ya employing human microsatellite mutation rates. Cheetahs are vulnerable to extinction globally and critically endangered in their Asiatic range, where the last 70–110 individuals survive only in Iran. We demonstrate that these extant Iranian cheetahs are an autochthonous monophyletic population and the last representatives of the Asiatic subspecies A. j. venaticus. We advocate that conservation strategies should consider the uncovered independent evolutionary histories of Asiatic and African cheetahs, as well as among some African subspecies. This would facilitate the dual conservation priorities of maintaining locally adapted ecotypes and genetic diversity.
Data from: The role of chromosomal rearrangements and geographical barriers in the divergence of lineages in a South American subterranean rodent (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae: Ctenomys minutus)
Identifying factors and the extent of their roles in the differentiation of populations is of great importance for understanding the evolutionary process in which a species is involved. Ctenomys minutus is a highly karyotype- polymorphic subterranean rodent, with diploid numbers ranging from 42 to 50 and autosomal arm numbers ranging from 68 to 80, comprising a total of 45 karyotypes described so far. This species inhabits the southern Brazilian coastal plain, which has a complex geological history, with several potential geographical barriers acting on different time scales. We assessed the geographical genetic structure of C. minutus, examining 340 individuals over the entire distributional range and using information from chromosomal rearrangements, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, and 14 microsatellite loci. The mtDNA results revealed 7 main haplogroups, with the most recent common ancestors dating from the Pleistocene, whereas clustering methods defined 12 populations. Some boundaries of mtDNA haplogroups and population clusters can be associated with potential geographical barriers to gene flow. The isolation by distance pattern also plays an important role in fine-scale genetic differentiation, which is strengthened by the narrowness of the coastal plain and by common features of subterranean rodents (i.e., small fragmented populations and low dispersal rates), which limit gene flow among populations. A step-by-step mechanism of chromosomal evolution can be suggested for this species, mainly associated with the metapopulation structure, genetic drift, and the geographical features of the southern Brazilian coastal plain. However, chromosomal variation plays no or very little role in the diversification of C. minutus populations.
Data from: SNP-array reveals genome wide patterns of geographical and potential adaptive divergence across the natural range of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is one of the most extensively studied fish species in the world due to its significance in aquaculture, fisheries and ongoing conservation efforts to protect declining populations. Yet, limited genomic resources have hampered our understanding of genetic architecture in the species and the genetic basis of adaptation to the wide range of natural and artificial environments it occupies. In this paper, we describe the development of a medium density Atlantic salmon SNP-array based on Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) and genomic sequencing. The array was used in the most extensive assessment of population genetic structure performed to date in this species. A total of 6176 informative SNPs were successfully genotyped in 38 anadromous and freshwater wild populations distributed across the species natural range. Principal component analysis clearly differentiated European and North American populations, and within Europe, three major regional genetic groups were identified for the first time in a single analysis. We assessed the potential for the array to disentangle neutral and putative adaptive divergence of SNP allele frequencies across populations and among regional groups. In Europe, secondary contact zones were identified between major clusters where endogenous and exogenous barriers could be associated, rendering the interpretation of environmental influence on potentially adaptive divergence equivocal. A small number of markers highly divergent in allele frequencies (outliers) were observed between (multiple) freshwater and anadromous populations, between northern and southern latitudes, and when comparing Baltic populations to all others. We also discuss the potential future applications of the SNP-array for conservation, management and aquaculture.
Data from: Genetic diversity and population divergences of an indigenous tree (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island: role of climatic and geographical factors
Oceanic islands are commonly considered as natural laboratories for studies on evolution and speciation. The evolutionary specificities of islands associated with species biology provide unique scenarios to study the role of geography and climate in driving population divergence. However, few studies have addressed this subject in small oceanic islands with heterogeneous climates. Being widely distributed in Reunion Island forest, Coffea mauritiana represents an interesting model case for investigating patterns of within-island differentiation at small spatial scale. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and population divergences of C. mauritiana using SNP markers obtained from 323 individuals across 34 locations in Reunion Island. Using redundancy analysis, we further evaluated the contribution of geographic and climatic factors to shaping genetic divergence among populations. Genetic diversity analyses revealed that accessions clustered according to the source population, with further grouping in regional clusters. Genetic relationships among the regional clusters underlined a recent process of expansion in the form of step-by-step colonization on both sides of the island. Divergence among source populations was mostly driven by the joint effect of geographic distance and climatic heterogeneity. The pattern of isolation-by-geography was in accordance with the dispersal characteristics of the species, while isolation-by-environment was mostly explained by the heterogeneous rainfall patterns, probably associated with an asynchronous flowering among populations. These findings advance our knowledge on the patterns of genetic diversity and factors of population differentiation of species native to Reunion Island, and will also usefully guide forest management for conservation.
Data from: Geographic variation in morphology of Dark-eyed Juncos and implications for population divergence
Geographic variation in morphology that develops among closely related populations can help drive genetic divergence, and eventually speciation, when those morphological traits are the basis for social interactions that influence reproduction. The North American Dark-eyed junco (Junco hyemalis) complex is an interesting case in speciation. The numerous subspecies have distinct breeding ranges and unique plumage coloration, but based on the presence of hybrid populations and recent genetic data, can be considered to belong to a single species. Research within various populations of juncos has shown first, that wing length and the amount of white on the tail feathers ("tail white") influence an individual's dominance status and mating success, and second, that these traits can undergo rapid evolution when social and environmental conditions change. Here, I used museum specimens to examine tail white and body size, as measured by wing and tail length, of males and females within and among 13 geographically distinct Dark-eyed Junco subspecies. I documented geographic variation of mean values for each of these morphological traits, as well as patterns of trait co-variation and the degree of sexual dimorphism. I discuss these results in relation to what they may indicate about the generation and maintenance of divergence among the subspecies.
Data from: Differential predation drives the geographical divergence in multiple traits in aposematic frogs
Prey have evolved a range of traits to enhance their survival against predators. These traits often show geographical variation due to the differences in local predation pressure. To date, there exists ample evidence of the geographical variation in single anti-predator traits such as coloration induced by differential predation. However, predation pressure often induces the shift in a suite of (correlated) prey traits, such as coloration and behavior, rather than a single trait in nature. In this study, we investigated the nature and extent of geographical variation in both color and behavioral traits in the oriental fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis, testing whether the frogs experience different predation pressure in different sites and evaluating how this might affect a range of traits associated with predator avoidance. Specifically, we quantified dorsal/ventral coloration, daytime resting place (i.e. the place where each frog was first spotted), and activity levels of natural populations of the frogs in 9 geographically distinct sites distributed across South Korea. We found the clearest differences in these traits between mainland and Jeju Island populations, with Jeju Island frogs exhibiting 1) less bright and less chromatic aposematic ventral coloration than mainland frogs, 2) lower activity during both day and night, and 3) a tendency to rest underwater. Follow-up predation experiments using clay frog models found that frogs in Jeju Island suffer higher predation pressure than mainland frogs, which readily explains the divergence in behavioral and morphological traits among populations.
Data from: Genomic and geographic footprints of differential introgression between two divergent fish species (Solea spp.)
Investigating variation in gene flow across the genome between closely related species is important to understand how reproductive barriers shape genome divergence before speciation is complete. An efficient way to characterize differential gene flow is to study how the genetic interactions that take place in hybrid zones selectively filter gene exchange between species, leading to heterogeneous genome divergence. In the present study, genome-wide divergence and introgression patterns were investigated between two sole species, Solea senegalensis and Solea aegyptiaca, using restriction-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) to analyse samples taken from a transect spanning the hybrid zone. An integrative approach combining geographic and genomic clines methods with an analysis of individual locus introgression accounting for the demographic history of divergence was conducted. Our results showed that the two sole species have come into secondary contact postglacially, after experiencing a prolonged period (ca. 1.1 to 1.8 Myrs) of allopatric separation. Secondary contact resulted in the formation of a tension zone characterized by strong reproductive isolation, allowing introgression in only a minor fraction of the genome. We found multiple evidence for a preferential direction of introgression in the S. aegyptiaca genetic background, indicating a possible recent or ongoing movement of the hybrid zone. Deviant introgression signals found in the opposite direction suggested that S. senegalensis could have possibly undergone adaptive introgression that has not yet spread throughout the entire species range. Our study thus illustrates the varied outcomes of genetic interactions between divergent gene pools that recently met after a long history of divergence.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.