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Figure 8 in Colour and size reveal hidden diversity of Necturus (Caudata: Proteidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States

Figure 8. Body sizes (snout-vent length) for the Apalachicola, Escambia, and Mobile lineages, along with a composite group of the remaining western lineages of Necturus 'beyeri'. Adult males (M) and females (F) are shown separately within groups. Large dark dots are means; small dashes are individual measurements; outline represents distribution of measurements.

Figure 7 in Colour and size reveal hidden diversity of Necturus (Caudata: Proteidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States

Figure 7. Plots of canonical variables 1 and 2 (a) and canonical variables 1 and 3 (b). Solid square (blue polygon) = Mobile lineage; solid circle (yellow polygon) = Escambia lineage; solid triangle (red polygon) = Apalachicola lineage; open circles = composite of all western lineages of N. 'beyeri'.

Figure 5 in Colour and size reveal hidden diversity of Necturus (Caudata: Proteidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States

Figure 5. Ventral colour patterns of Necturus showing immaculate chin and belly (a), limited chin spotting and narrow white mid-venter (b), and spotted chin and belly (c).

Figure 6 in Colour and size reveal hidden diversity of Necturus (Caudata: Proteidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States

Figure 6. Proportion of specimens of the Apalachicola, Escambia, and Mobile lineages, along with a composite group of the remaining western lineages of Necturus 'beyeri' conforming to two juvenile colour phenotypes (see text for explanation).

Figure 1 in Colour and size reveal hidden diversity of Necturus (Caudata: Proteidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States

Figure 1. Geographic distribution and phylogeny of six mitochondrial lineages (boldface) of Gulf Coast waterdogs typically assigned to Necturus beyeri. Tree is rooted by N. punctatus and paraphyly of N. beyeri is shown by inclusion of N. alabamensis and two lineages of N. maculosus. Phylogenetic construction and lineage names are from Chabarria et al. (2017). Drainages for each lineage are Apalachicola lineage – Apalachicola, Chipola, Choctawhatchee, Econfina, Ochlockonee, and Pea Rivers; Escambia lineage – Blackwater, Escambia (Conecuh in Alabama), Perdido, and Yellow Rivers; Mobile lineage – Dog, Escatawpa, Fish, Mobile, Pascagoula, and Biloxi Rivers; Pearl lineage – Pearl and Wolf Rivers; Pontchartrain lineage – Amite, Bayou Bonfouca, Bayou Lacombe, Blind, Tangipahoa, Tchefuncte, and Tickfaw Rivers; Western lineage – Calcasieu, Cedar Bayou, Old, Neches, Sabine, San Jacinto, and Trinity Rivers.

Figure 4 in Colour and size reveal hidden diversity of Necturus (Caudata: Proteidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States

Figure 4. Dorsal and lateral colour patterns of Necturus showing unspotted snout, dorsum, and sides (a), unspotted snout with small dark dorsal and lateral spots (b), and spotted snout with large dark dorsal and lateral spots (c).

Figure 2 in Colour and size reveal hidden diversity of Necturus (Caudata: Proteidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States

Figure 2. Dorsal colour pattern of Necturus juveniles showing unspotted (a) and spotted (numerous white spots; b) character states.

Figure 3 in Colour and size reveal hidden diversity of Necturus (Caudata: Proteidae) from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the United States

Figure 3. Measurements taken of adult specimens from dorsal (a; AUM 35138) and ventral (b; AUM 18533) views. Solid lines of panel A are measurements taken from photographs of specimens (HWE, HWG, POL, SL, SRE, WRE; see text for description); dotted lines of panel A are measurements derived from solid lines (ED, EL, GD, GEL, SW; see text for description). Solid lines of panel B are measurements taken from photographs of specimens (GL, WBW; see text for description).

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Neutron diffraction data for Magnetic ground state of NdB4: Interplay between anisotropic exchange interactions and hidden order on a Shastry-Sutherland lattice

NdB4_NPD.zip contains TOF neutron powder diffraction patterns collected in the temperature range of 1.5K-100K journal_NdB4.pdf provides information about the NPD data collection temperature and run number

FIG. 12 in Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

FIG. 12. Oscillograms (first and second columns), spectrograms (third column), and power spectra (fourth column) of advertisement calls from (A) P. collinsorum (recorded at 10.28C) and (B) P. brachyphona (recorded at 12.68C). The second columns represent a single call extracted from those in the first column. In the case of P. collinsorum (A), two males were recorded while duetting and are identified with numbers.

FIG. 11 in Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

FIG. 11. Live specimens of P. collinsorum (left, photo by EML) from Lawrence County, Alabama and P. brachyphona (right, photo by Suzanne Collins) from Harrison County, West Virginia. Specimens of P. collinsorum often lack a distinct dorsal coloration pattern. For a color version of this figure, please refer to the online version of this article.

FIG. 7 in Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

FIG. 7. Response curves of variables with highest contribution (.10%) to the Northern (black line, dark gray shadow) and Southern (gray line, light gray shadow) clade SDMs. The solid lines represent average probability of occurrence based on ten model replicates, while shadowed areas equal to 6 standard deviation. The dotted line indicates a 50% occurrence probability, with environmental values above this threshold indicating suitable habitat. Each clade shows a peak of habitat suitability (.50% occurrence probability) at different values of each variable, suggesting ecological divergence.

FIG. 10 in Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

FIG. 10. Dorsal and lateral views of type specimens of P. collinsorum (A– D) and P. brachyphona (E–H). (A–B) Male P. collinsorum from Hale County, Alabama (UF 190162). (C–D) Male P. collinsorum from Hale County, Alabama (UF 190167). (E–F) Female P. brachyphona from Preston County, West Virginia (NCSM 100109). (G–H) Male P. brachyphona from Preston County, West Virginia (NCSM 100110). Black bars equal to 1 cm. For a color version of this figure, please refer to the online version of this article.

FIG. 9 in Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

FIG. 9. Differences in pulse rate (PR), number (PN), and dominant frequency peak (DFP) in acoustic signals recorded in P. brachyphona from Tennessee (TN) and Alabama (AL). Locality-specific distributions of PR, PN, and DFP (A–C). The thick bar in these boxplots represents mean value. Lower and upper edges of each box are 25th and 75th quantile, respectively, and lower and upper whiskers represent the minimum and maximum limits of the interquartile range. Outliers are represented as hollow points. Randomization tests (1,000 reps) were performed for each of these variables (D–E), yielding significant differences for PR and DFP between Tennessee and Alabama, but not for PN.

FIG. 5 in Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

FIG. 5. Principal component analysis plot based on residuals from regressions of each morphometric variable against snout–vent length. Abbreviations for the labels on the PC loadings (arrows) are the same as in the text (see Materials and Methods). Convex hulls are shown for each clade.

FIG. 3 in Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

FIG. 3. Genetic clustering based on 21,702 SNPs from AHE loci for P. brachyphona. (A) The Structure plot shows two genetic clusters: Northern (n ¼ 17, green) and Southern (n ¼ 16, blue) as observed in the map (B). The pie charts correspond to the proportion of admixture as estimated in Structure. A blue arrow marks the samples from Hale County, Alabama. Two individuals assigned to the Northern cluster showed introgression from P. feriarum (''out,'' gray). (C) The discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) required one discriminant function to explain 67.4% of the genetic variance. Lines at the bottom of the distributions represent one individual. The DAPC also shows two clusters in agreement with the Northern and Southern clusters from Structure. The location of the Tennessee River is shown.

FIG. 4 in Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

FIG. 4. Matrix correlation between pairwise genetic (Nei's) and geographic distances among individuals of P. brachyphona, after exclusion of hybrid individuals. (A) Mantel correlation test for all P. brachyphona showed significant correlation (r). The two clusters of points represent comparisons within and between genetic clusters (Northern and Southern). (B) Significant correlations were also observed for each cluster separately (Northern ¼ black, Southern ¼ gray).

FIG. 2. Species tree for P in Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

FIG. 2. Species tree for P. brachyphona as estimated in ASTRAL. Numbers on the branches are local posterior probabilities/boostrap support values from RAxML (A). The identifiers are field numbers, followed by the ''I'' number (DNA sample identifier, see Table 1). State abbreviation and county where the sample was collected are also shown. The tree shows two well-supported clades, corresponding to P. brachyphona from the Northern and Southern distribution ranges, respectively. Pseudacris brimleyi and P. feriarum were included as outgroups. Branch lengths (B) are shown in the inset tree generated with RAxML.

FIG. 1 in Hidden Diversity in the Mountain Chorus Frog (Pseudacris brachyphona) and the Diagnosis of a New Species of Chorus Frog in the Southeastern United States

FIG. 1. Samples of the Mountain Chorus Frog collected for this study and used in genetic analyses. Frogs were collected at several locations (solid dots) throughout the Appalachian Mountains in Eastern U.S. As outgroups, specimens of P. brimleyi and P. feriarum (solid and hollow triangles, respectively) were collect- ed.