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638 results for “Human neurons”
Precise and stable edge orientation signaling by human first-order tactile neurons
<p><span>Fast-adapting type 1 (FA-1) and slow-adapting type 1 (SA-1) first-order neurons in the human tactile system have distal axons that branch in the skin and form many transduction sites, yielding receptive fields with many highly sensitive zones or 'subfields'. We previously demonstrated that this arrangement allows FA-1 and SA-1 neurons to signal the geometric features of touched objects, specifically the orientation of raised edges scanned with the fingertips. Here we show that such signaling operates for fine edge orientation differences (5–20°) and is stable across a broad range of scanning speeds (15–180 mm/s); that is, under conditions relevant for real-world hand use. We found that both FA-1 and SA-1 neurons weakly signal fine edge orientation differences via the intensity of their spiking responses and only when considering a single scanning speed. Both neuron types showed much stronger edge orientation signaling in the sequential structure of the evoked spike trains and FA-1 neurons performed better than SA-1 neurons. Represented in the spatial domain, the sequential structure was strikingly invariant across scanning speeds, especially those naturally used in tactile spatial discrimination tasks. This speed invariance suggests that neurons' responses are structured via sequential stimulation of their subfields and thus links this capacity to their terminal organization in the skin. Indeed, the spatial precision of elicited action potentials rationally matched spatial acuity of subfield arrangements, which corresponds to a spatial period similar to the dimensions of individual fingertip ridges.</span></p>
Dataset related to article "MASSIVE IRON ACCUMULATION IN PKAN-DERIVED NEURONS AND ASTROCYTES: LIGHT ON THE HUMAN PATHOLOGICAL PHENOTYPE"
<p>The database contains the microxygraphy data included in the article at title</p>
Target cell-specific synaptic dynamics of excitatory to inhibitory neuron connections in supragranular layers of human neocortex
<p>Rodent studies have demonstrated that synaptic dynamics from excitatory to inhibitory neuron types are often dependent on the target cell type. However, these target cell-specific properties have not been well investigated in human cortex, where there are major technical challenges in reliably obtaining healthy tissue, conducting multiple patch-clamp recordings on inhibitory cell types, and identifying those cell types. Here, we take advantage of newly developed methods for human neurosurgical tissue analysis with multiple patch-clamp recordings, <em>post-hoc</em> fluorescent <em>in situ</em> hybridization (FISH), machine learning-based cell type classification, and prospective GABAergic AAV-based labeling to investigate synaptic properties between pyramidal neurons and PVALB- vs. SST-positive interneurons. We find that there are robust molecular differences in synapse-associated genes between these neuron types, and that individual presynaptic pyramidal neurons evoke postsynaptic responses with heterogeneous synaptic dynamics in different postsynaptic cell types. Using molecular identification with FISH and classifiers based on transcriptomically identified PVALB neurons analyzed by Patch-seq, we find that PVALB neurons typically show depressing synaptic characteristics, whereas other interneuron types including SST-positive neurons show facilitating characteristics. Together, these data support the existence of target cell-specific synaptic properties in human cortex that are similar to rodents, thereby indicating evolutionary conservation of local circuit connectivity motifs from excitatory to inhibitory neurons and their synaptic dynamics.</p>
Acute D2 Receptor Blockade Induced Neuronal Network Changes in Human Volunteers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01931059. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Pronouns reactivate conceptual representations in human hippocampal neurons
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Interspecies chimerism with human embryonic stem cells generates functional human dopamine neurons at low efficiency
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All-trans retinoic acid induces synaptic plasticity in human cortical neurons
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Spatial transcriptomic analysis of human dorsoal root ganglia neurons
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Target cell-specific synaptic dynamics of excitatory to inhibitory neuron connections in supragranular layers of human neocortex
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Genetic editing of primary human dorsal root ganglion neurons using CRISPR-Cas9
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Precise and stable edge orientation signaling by human first-order tactile neurons
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Virtual Screening and Testing of GSK-3 Kinase Inhibitors Using human SH-SY5Y Neuronal cells Expressing Tau Folding Reporter and Mouse Hippocampal Primary Neuron Culture Under Tau Cytotoxicity
<p>Supplementary Figure S1. for IJMS</p>
Medial prefrontal cortex and anteromedial thalamus interaction regulates motivation related behavior and dopaminergic neuron activity: fMRI: Human
<p>Human fMRI activation images supplementing for Fig. 8 and Suppl. Fig. 11.</p>
Neuronal data sample from PMd of non-human primates (Macaca Mulatta) performing a countermanding reaching task
<p>Brief presentation of the subjects and task performed</p> <p>Two adult male rhesus macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta; P, C) performed a countermanding reaching task. All experimental procedures, animal care, housing, and surgical procedures conformed with European (Directive 86/609/ECC and 2010/63/UE) and Italian (D.L. 116/92 and D.L. 26/2014) laws on the use of nonhuman primates in scientific research and were approved by the Italian Ministry of Health. In both monkeys a 96 channels Utah arrays (BlackRock Microsystem, USA) was employed to record neuronal activity from the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) contralateral to the arm employed during the task.</p> <p>Behavioral task</p> <p>Monkeys performed a countermanding reaching task interacting with visual stimuli presented on a touch-screen. Each trial started with the presentation of a central stimulus (red dot) that they had touch with their finger and hold (400-900ms). Thereafter the central stimulus disappeared and, simultaneously, a target appeared (go signal) randomly at one of two opposite positions (left or right). In no-stop trials to perform a correct trial, monkeys had to move their hand form the central target, touch peripheral target and to maintain their fingers on it for a random time (400-800 ms). In stop trials at a variable delay (Stop signal delay, SSD) after the go signal was presented, the central stimulus reappeared (Stop signal) instructing the monkey to keep the hand on the starting position (additional holding time; 400-1000 ms) to perform a correct-stop trial. If the monkey moved the hand during stop trials, the trial was considered a wrong-stop trial. No-stop and stop trials were randomly intermingled in such a way that the no-stop trials were more frequent.</p> <p>Recordings</p> <p>The neuronal activity from each electrode was recorded by employing a Tucker Davies Technologies RZ2 system (sampling rate at 24.4 Khz). Single unit activity was then isolated by using Kilosort (Pachitariu, et al. in Advances in Neural information processing systems (2016) 4448-4456).</p> <p>Data and code reproduce and are linked the main figures and results of the paper "Neuronal population dynamics during motor plan cancellation in non-human primates" , <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</em> (<em>PNAS</em>)</p> <p>For further inquiry please contact: stefano.ferraina@uniroma1.it or pierpaolo.pani@uniroma1.it</p> <p> </p>
Protein aggregation and calcium dysregulation are the earliest hallmarks of familial Parkinson's disease in human midbrain dopaminergic neurons
<p>Mutations in the <em>SNCA</em> gene cause autosomal dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD), with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, and aggregation of α-synuclein. The sequence of molecular events that proceed from an <em>SNCA</em> mutation during development, to end stage pathology is unknown. Utilising human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we resolved the temporal sequence of SNCA induced pathophysiological events in order to discover early, and likely causative, events. Our small molecule-based protocol generates highly enriched midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons: molecular identity was confirmed using single-cell RNA sequencing and proteomics, and functional identity through dopamine synthesis, and measures of electrophysiological activity. At the earliest stage of differentiation, prior to maturation to mDA neurons, we demonstrate the initial formation of small β-sheet rich oligomeric aggregates, in <em>SNCA</em>-mutant cultures. Aggregation persists and progresses, ultimately resulting in the accumulation of phosphorylated aggregates. Impaired intracellular calcium signalling, increased basal calcium, and impairments in mitochondrial calcium handling occurred early at day 34-41 post differentiation. Once midbrain identity fully developed, at day 48-62 post differentiation, <em>SNCA</em>-mutant neurons exhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, lysosomal swelling and increased autophagy. Ultimately these multiple cellular stresses lead to abnormal excitability, altered neuronal activity, and cell death. Our differentiation paradigm generates an efficient model for studying disease mechanisms in PD, and highlights that protein misfolding to generate intraneuronal oligomers is one of the earliest critical events driving disease in human neurons, rather than a late-stage hallmark of the disease.</p>
Data from "A population of neurons selective for human voice in the monkey brain"
<p>Preprocessed datasets associated to the research article "A population of neurons selective for human voice in the monkey brain", PNAS.</p>
A fluid-walled microfluidic platform for human neuron microcircuits and directed axotomy
<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <div> <p>In our brains, different neurons make appropriate connections; however, there remain few in vitro models of such circuits. We use an open microfluidic approach to build and study neuronal circuits in vitro in ways that fit easily into existing bio-medical workflows. Dumbbell-shaped circuits are built in minutes in standard Petri dishes; the aqueous phase is confined by fluid walls – interfaces between cell-growth medium and an immiscible fluorocarbon, FC40. Conditions are established that ensure post-mitotic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) plated in one chamber of a dumbbell remain where deposited. After seeding cortical neurons on one side, axons grow through the connecting conduit to ramify amongst striatal neurons on the other – an arrangement mimicking unidirectional cortico-striatal connectivity. We also develop a moderate-throughput non-contact axotomy assay. Cortical axons in conduits are severed by a media jet; then, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and striatal neurons in distal chambers promote axon regeneration. As additional conduits and chambers are easily added, this opens up the possibility of mimicking complex neuronal networks, and screening drugs for their effects on connectivity.</p> <p> </p> </div> <p><strong>FILE DESCRIPTIONS</strong></p> <p>Source Data.xlsx: Tabular datasets plotted on Main Figures 2, 3 and 6, and Supplementary Figures 1 and 2.</p> <p>Key Resources Table.xlsx: Table containing details on the key resources (antibodies, cell lines, virus strains, software, code, and protocols) used in this study.</p>
Modelling human neuronal catecholaminergic pigmentation in rodents recapitulates age-related multisystem neurodegenerative deficits
<p>Raw data used to generate the figures in the paper "Modelling human brain-wide pigmentation in rodents recapitulates age-related multisystem neurodegenerative deficits" published as a bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.08.552400; v1 posted August 8, 2023; v2 posted August 14, 2024.</p>
Source data for Fig. S1F associated with "Endo-IP and Lyso-IP Toolkit for Endolysosomal Profiling of Human Induced Neurons"
<p>This entry contains source data and statistical test for plots in Fig. S1F associated with: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.09.24.614704</p>
Supplementary datasets associated with "Endo-IP and Lyso-IP Toolkit for Endolysosomal Profiling of Human Induced Neurons"
<p>This entry contains supplementary dataset files associated with "Endo-IP and Lyso-IP Toolkit for Endolysosomal Profiling of Human Induced Neurons".</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.