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187 results for “Insectivore”
FIG. 3 in Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores
FIG. 3. — Chalicomys jaegeri Kaup, 1832 from Küçükçekmece West. Upper incisors and cheek teeth. A, right P4 (MNHN.F.TRQ829) in occlusal (A), lingual (A') and labial (A") views; B, left P4 (TRQ830) in occlusal (B), lingual (B') and labial (B") views; C, right P4 (TRQ831) in occlusal (C), lingual (C') and labial (C") views; D, left M1 or M2 (TRQ822) in occlusal (D), lingual (D') and labial (D") views; E, left M1 or M2 (TRQ819) in occlusal (E) and lingual (E') views; F, left M1 or M2 (TRQ817) in occlusal (F), lingual (F') and labial (F") views; G, left M3 (TRQ834) in occlusal (G) and lingual (G') views; H, right upper incisor fragment (TRQ791) in lateral view; I, left upper incisor fragment (TRQ801) in lateral view. Scale bar: occlusal view of cheek teeth, 10 mm; lingual and labial views of cheek teeth and incisors, 5 mm.
FIG. 1 in Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores
FIG. 1. — Byzantinia bayraktepensis from Küçükçekmece West, Turkey: A, M1 dext (MNHN.F.TRQ955); B, M2-3 sin (TRQ956); C, fragment of m1 dext (TRQ957); D, m2 dext (TRQ958); E, m2 sin (TRQ959). Spalacidae gen. and sp. indet. from Küçükçekmece: F, M2 sin (TRQ951); G, m3 sin (TRQ952). Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 2 in Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores
FIG. 2. — Length/width scatter diagram of the second upper molar (M2) in different species of Sinapospalax (S.), Pliospalax (P.) and Spalax. Note that only one M2 is noted from the localities of Sinap Loc. 65, Amasya and Küçükçekmece. Modified from Sen & Sarica 2011: fig. 4.
Growth genes are implicated in the evolutionary divergence of sympatric piscivorous and insectivorous rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
<p>Identifying ecologically significant phenotypic traits and the genomic mechanisms that underly them are crucial steps in understanding the traits associated with population divergence. We used genome-wide data to identify genomic regions associated with a key trait that distinguishes two ecotypes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) – insectivores and piscivores – that coexist in Kootenay Lake, southeastern British Columbia, for the non-breeding portion of the year. "Gerrards" are large-bodied (breeding maturity at >60cm) piscivores that spawn 50km north of Kootenay Lake in the Lardeau River, in contrast to the insectivorous populations that are on average smaller in body size, mainly forage on aquatic insects, and spawn in tributaries immediately surrounding Kootenay Lake. We used pool-seq data covering 60 percent of the genome to assess the level of genomic divergence between ecotypes, test for genotype-phenotype associations, and identify loci that may play functional or selective roles in their divergence. Analysis of nearly seven million SNPs provided a genome-wide mean FST estimate of 0.18, indicating a high level of reproductive isolation between populations. The window-based FST analysis did not reveal "islands" of genomic differentiation; however, the window with highest FST estimate did include a gene associated with insulin secretion. Although we explored the use of the "Local score" approach to identify genomic outlier regions, this method was ultimately not used because simulations revealed a high false discovery rate (20 percent). Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified several growth processes as enriched in genes occurring in the 200 most divergent genomic windows, indicating the importance of genetically-based growth and growth-related metabolic functions in the divergence of these ecotypes. In spite of their sympatric coexistence, a high degree of genomic differentiation separates the populations of piscivores and insectivores, indicating little to no contemporary genetic exchange between ecotypes. Our results further indicate that the large body piscivorous 27 phenotype is likely not due to one or a few loci of large effect, rather it may be controlled by several loci of small effect, thus highlighting the power of whole-genome low-coverage sequencing in phenotypic association studies.</p>
Fig. 2 in Aiteng Ater, New Genus, New Species, An Amphibious And Insectivorous Sea Slug That Is Difficult To Classify [Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa(?): Aitengidae, New Family]
Fig. 2. Aiteng ater, new species: A, dorsal view of slug, length 9 mm, in rest; B, ventral view of slug in rest against glass; C, lateral view of creeping slug, length 11 mm; D, diagram of digestive system in dorsal view; E, dorsal vessels; F, pharynx, length 900 µm; G, diagram of the genital complex in dorsal view; H, radular teeth of two specimens. Legend: ag − albumen gland; al − ascending limb of radula; am − ampulla; as − ascus;bw − body wall; cg − capsule gland; dg − digestive gland; dl − descending limb of radula; dv − dorsal vessels; (fa) − position of female aperture hidden under free notum border; fa − female aperture; fb − foot border; fg − foot groove; hd − hermaphrodite duct; in − intestine; ma − male aperture; mg − mucus gland; mo − mouth; nb − notum border; oe − oesophagus; pc − renopericardium; ph − pharynx; pr − prostate; ps − penis sack; sd − salivary duct; sg − area of salivary follicles; so − short oviduct; sr − seminal receptacle; st − stomach; vd − vas deferens; ve − velum.
Fig. 1 in Aiteng Ater, New Genus, New Species, An Amphibious And Insectivorous Sea Slug That Is Difficult To Classify [Mollusca: Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia: Sacoglossa(?): Aitengidae, New Family]
Fig. 1. Aiteng ater, new species: A, photo of a wayang (shadow puppet) and of a statue of Ai Theng at a shop near Pak Phanang; B, creeping adult specimen length 9.0 mm in lab; C, creeping young slug length 2.0 mm; D, young slug curled up length 2.1 mm; E, nerve ring, width of photo 170 µm; F, digestive tubes in ventral view in posterior part of body, width of photo 2600 µm; G, posterior lateral side of notum in dorsal view with skin largely removed showing digestive follicles and dorsal vessels; H, prostate dorsal view, width photo 270 µm; I, parasites around salivary follicles, ventral view; J, ventral view of albumen gland, ampulla, and follicles; K, eye; L, penis; M, lateral view of radular teeth. Legend: ag − albumen gland; am − ampulla; dg − digestive follicles; dt − digestive tubes; dv − dorsal vessels; ey − eye; fb − foot border; fo − follicles of ovotestis; nb − notum border; pa − parasite; ph − pharynx; pr − prostate; sg − salivary follicles; sr − seminal receptacle; st − stomach; ve −velum.
Metadata for prey choice in insectivorous steppe passerines Paper
<p>This dataset comprises metadata which corresponds to a paper prepared for submission entitled "Prey choice in insectivorous steppe passerines: new insights from DNA metabarcoding".</p> <p>Sample identifiers are given for faecal samples collected from shrub-steppe passerines at the province of Soria, Spain. Information such as location, date of collection, sex and other data are supplied.</p>
Edge effects and vertical stratification of aerial insectivorous bats across the interface of primary-secondary Amazonian rainforest
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In silico and empirical evaluation of twelve metabarcoding primer sets for insectivorous diet analyses
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Growth genes are implicated in the evolutionary divergence of sympatric piscivorous and insectivorous rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
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Insectivore diet and abundance determine the contribution of bird species to services and disservices in an agricultural ecosystem
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Data from: Insectivorous birds reduce herbivory but do not increase mangrove growth across productivity zones
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Seasonal and ontological variation in diet and age-related differences in prey choice, by an insectivorous songbird
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Decomposing an elevational gradient in predation by insectivorous birds
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Data from: Shade trees preserve avian insectivore biodiversity on coffee farms in a warming climate
<p>Includes a dataset of avian insectivore occurance data from 77 avian insectivores from 1970 to 2018 used in "Shade trees preserve avian insectivore biodiversity on coffee farms in a warming climate" downloaded from GBIF. Also included are full Maxent models and raster projections for the best selected model for each species for all climate scenarios, as well as a file on which threshold was selected for each species. Also included is all R code used to generate the results, coffee farm locations where bird richness was estimated, and iButton temperature files.</p>
Data and code for: Time of night and moonlight structure vertical space use by insectivorous bats in a Neotropical rainforest: an acoustic monitoring study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Previous research has shown diverse vertical space use by various taxa, highlighting the importance of forest canopy. Yet, we often fail to explore how this three-dimensional space use changes over time. Here we use canopy tower systems in French Guiana to monitor neotropical bat activity above and below the forest canopy throughout nine nights in the wet season. We show that different bats use both canopy and understory space differently, and that this can change throughout the night. We find that bats are overall more active in the canopy, but multiple species/acoustic complexes are more active in the understory. We also find that species that do not seem to prefer understory or canopy, when data are aggregated by night, do show temporally changing preferences in hourly activity. This work highlights the need to consider temporal axes in studies of space use, both throughout daily cycles and across seasons.</p>
Data from: Maize-field complexity and farming system influence insectivorous birds' contribution to arthropod herbivore regulation
The contribution of insectivorous birds to reducing crop damage through suppression of herbivory remains underappreciated, despite their role as cropland arthropod predators. We examined the roles of farming system crop cover pattern and structural configuration in influencing assemblage composition of insectivorous birds and their herbivorous arthropod prey across maize fields, and determined how bird exclusion affects crop herbivory levels. To achieve these objectives, data were collected across a sample of organic and conventional small-scale non-Bt maize farms in western Kenya. Assessments of abundance, diversity and richness of insectivorous birds, and abundance of their arthropod prey, were compared between organic and conventional small-scale non-Bt maize on monocultured and intercropped farms. We also employed bird exclusion experiments to assess impacts of bird predation on herbivorous arthropod abundance. Results showed that higher structural heterogeneity supported higher insectivorous bird richness, particularly under organic systems, dense trees, large woodlots and thick hedgerows. Bird abundance further increased with crop diversity but not in relation to cropping method, hedgerow type or percent maize cover per se. Conversely, herbivorous arthropod abundance and richness increased on conventional farms and those with higher percent maize cover, but were unaffected by cropping methods, tree or hedgerow characteristics. Birds' arthropod prey were more abundant under completely closed compared to open or semi-closed plots, confirming a significant linkage between birds and herbivorous arthropod suppression. In this study, we demonstrate importance of structural heterogeneity in agricultural landscapes, including diverse croplands and on-farm trees to maximize insectivorous birds' contribution to reducing crop arthropod herbivory.
TABLE 1 in Stuck in the middle. A geographical appraisal of the oldest insectivores - and a marsupial - from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (early Miocene, Catalonia, Spain)
<p>TABLE 1. — Localities studied with their corresponding stage and zone and their relative position (when possible). Abbreviations: <b>srm</b>, stratigraphic refinement method used to determine the relative position; <b>L</b>, lithostratigraphy; <b>M</b>, magnetostratigraphy; <b>B</b>, biostratigraphy.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Localities</b></th><th><b>Stage and zone</b></th><th><b>Relative position</b></th><th><b>Srm</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>La Vinya Vella</th><td>MN4</td><td>very high in succession</td><td>B+L</td></tr><tr><th>El Palau 3B</th><td>MN4?</td><td>–</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>El Canyet</th><td>MN4?</td><td>–</td><td>B</td></tr><tr><th>Les Escletxes del Papiol</th><td>Aragonian zone C</td><td>subzone Cb? younger than Vilobí</td><td>B+L</td></tr><tr><th>Sant Mamet</th><td>Aragonian zone C</td><td>subzone Cb? younger than Vilobí</td><td>B+L+M</td></tr><tr><th>Vilobí del Penedès</th><td>Aragonian zone C</td><td>subzone Cb? younger than Els Casots</td><td>B+L</td></tr><tr><th>Els Casots</th><td>Aragonian zone C</td><td>subzone Cb?</td><td>B+L</td></tr><tr><th>Can Julià</th><td>Aragonian zone C</td><td>–</td><td>B+L</td></tr><tr><th>Can Martí Vell 1-3</th><td>Aragonian zone C</td><td>subzone Ca?</td><td>B+L</td></tr><tr><th>Les Cases de la Valenciana</th><td>Aragonian zone C</td><td>subzone Ca?</td><td>B+L</td></tr><tr><th>El Molí de Can Calopa</th><td>Ramblian zone A</td><td>younger than Costablanca</td><td>B+L</td></tr><tr><th>La Costablanca 1-2</th><td>Ramblian zone A</td><td>–</td><td>B+L</td></tr><tr><th>Turó de les Forques</th><td>Ramblian zone A</td><td>below Costablanca</td><td>B+L</td></tr><tr><th>Sant Andreu de la Barca 1-3</th><td>Ramblian zone A</td><td>–</td><td>B</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 2 in Stuck in the middle. A geographical appraisal of the oldest insectivores - and a marsupial - from the Vallès-Penedès Basin (early Miocene, Catalonia, Spain)
<p>TABLE 2. — Summary of the fossil occurrences of the taxa studied in this work. Question mark (?) indicates the occurrence of one or another similar taxon.</p><table><thead><tr><th></th><th><i>Amphperatherium</i></th><th><i>Galerix remmerti</i></th><th><i>Galerix symeonidisi</i></th><th><i>Desmanodon daamsi</i></th><th><i>Chainodus</i> sp.</th><th><i>Plesiodimylus</i> sp.</th><th><i>Heterosorex neumayrianus</i></th><th><i>Miosorex</i> sp.</th><th><i>Oligosorex</i> cf. <i>thauensis</i></th><th>cf. <i>Clapasorex alvarezae</i></th><th>cf. <i>Florinia</i></th><th><i>Paenelimnoecus</i> sp.</th><th>Soricinae indet.</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>La Vinya Vella</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>El Palau 3B</th><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>El Canyet</th><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td></tr><tr><th>Escletxes del Papiol</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Sant Mamet 1</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Vilobí del Penedès</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Can Julià</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Can Martí Vell 3</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Can Martí Vell 2</th><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Can Martí Vell 1</th><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Les Cases de la Valenciana 1</th><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Costablanca II</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Costablanca</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Turó de les Forques 1</th><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Sant Andreu de la Barca 3</th><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Sant Andreu de la Barca 1</th><td>×</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>?</td><td>?</td><td>×</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr></tbody></table>
Population structure, patterns of natal dispersal, and demographic history in a declining aerial insectivore, the purple martin Progne subis
<p>Genetic variation is a fundamental component of biodiversity, and studying population structure, gene flow, and demographic history can help guide conservation strategies for many species. Like other aerial insectivores, the purple martin (<em>Progne subis</em>) is in decline, and yet their genetic background remains largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed population structure in the nominate eastern subspecies (<em>P. s. subis</em>) with relation to natal dispersal and examined historical genetic patterns in all three subspecies (<em>P. s. subis, P. s. arboricola, P. s. hesperia</em>) across their North American breeding range by estimating effective population sizes over time. We used next-generation sequencing strategies for genomic analyses, integrating whole-genome resequencing data with continent-wide band encounter records to examine natal dispersal. We documented population structure across <em>P. s. subis</em>, with the highest differentiation between the northern (Alberta) and more southern colonies and following patterns of isolation-by-distance. Consistent with spatial patterns of genetic differentiation, we also found greater longitudinal than latitudinal natal dispersal distances, signifying potential latitudinal constraints on gene flow. Earlier contractions in effective population sizes in the western <em>P. s. arboricola</em> and <em>P. s. hesperia</em> compared to the eastern <em>P. s. subis</em> subspecies suggest these subspecies originated from two different glacial refugia. Together, these findings support latitudinal distinction in <em>P. s. subis</em>, and elucidate the origin of subspecies differentiation, highlighting the importance to conserve populations across the range to maximize genetic diversity and adaptive potential in the purple martin.</p>
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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