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78 results for “Interaction of individuals”
Foliar herbivory pushes plant individuals towards the periphery of a plant-floral visitor interaction network
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Variance partitioning of nest provisioning rates in blue tits: individual repeatability, heritability and partner interactions
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Data from: Social interactions shape individual and collective personality in social spiders
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Data from: Interacting effects of unobserved heterogeneity and individual stochasticity in the life-history of the Southern fulmar
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Data and R code from: Downscaling species to individual-level networks reveals the importance of population-level processes in mediating generalized community-wide interaction patterns
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From the leaf to the community: distinct dimensions of phytochemical diversity shape plant-insect interactions within and among individual plants
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Individual survival is dictated by group personality in a marsh ecosystem predator-prey interaction
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Individual-based networks reveal the highly skewed interactions of a frugivore mutualist with individual plants in a diverse community
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Individual differences determine the strength of ecological interactions
<p>Biotic interactions are central to both ecological and evolutionary dynamics. In the vast majority of empirical studies, the strength of intraspecific interactions is estimated by using simple mea- sures of population size. Biologists have long known that these are crude metrics, with experiments and theory suggesting that interactions between individuals should depend on traits, such as body size. Despite this, it has been difficult to estimate the impact of traits on competitive ability from ecological field data, and this explains why the strength of biotic interactions has empirically been treated in a simplistic manner. Using long-term observational data from four different populations, we show that large Trinidadian guppies impose a significantly larger competitive pressure on conspecifics than individuals that are smaller; in other words, competition is asymmetric. When we incorporate this asymmetry into integral projection models, the predicted size structure is much closer to what we see in the field compared with models where competition is independent of body size. This difference in size structure translates into a twofold difference in reproductive output. This demonstrates how the nature of ecological interactions drives the size structure, which, in turn, will have important implications for both the ecological and evolutionary dynamics.</p>
Data from: The effect of keystone individuals on collective outcomes can be mediated through interactions or behavioral persistence
Collective behavior emerges from interactions among group members who often vary in their behavior. The presence of just one or a few keystone individuals, such as leaders or tutors, may have a large effect on collective outcomes. These individuals can catalyze behavioral changes in other group members, thus altering group composition and collective behavior. The influence of keystone individuals on group function may lead to trade-offs between ecological situations, because the behavioral composition they facilitate may be suitable in one situation but not another. We use computer simulations to examine various mechanisms that allow keystone individuals to exert their influence on group members. We further discuss a trade-off between two potentially conflicting collective outcomes, cooperative prey attack and disease dynamics. Our simulations match empirical data from a social spider system and produce testable predictions for the causes and consequences of the influence of keystone individuals on group composition and collective outcomes. We find that a group's behavioral composition can be impacted by the keystone individual through changes to interaction patterns or behavioral persistence over time. Group behavioral composition and the mechanisms that drive the distribution of phenotypes influence collective outcomes and lead to trade-offs between disease dynamics and cooperative prey attack.
Data from: Estimating interactions between individuals from concurrent animal movements
1. Animal movements arise from complex interactions of individuals with their environment, including both conspecific and heterospecific individuals. Animals may be attracted to each other for mating, social foraging, or information gain, or may keep at a distance from others to avoid aggressive encounters related to, e.g., interference competition, territoriality, or predation. With modern tracking technology, more data sets are emerging that allow to investigate fine-scale interactions between free-ranging individuals from movement data, however, few methods exist to disentangle fine-scale behavioural responses of interacting individuals when these are highly individual-specific. 2. In a framework of step-selection functions, we related movements decisions of individuals to dynamic occurrence distributions of other individuals obtained through kriging of their movement paths. Using simulated data, we tested the method's ability to identify various combinations of attraction, avoidance, and neutrality between individuals, including asymmetric (i.e. non-mutual) behaviours. Additionally, we analysed radio-telemetry data from concurrently tracked small rodents (bank vole, Myodes glareolus) to test whether our method could detect biologically plausible behaviours. 3. We found that our method was able to successfully detect and distinguish between fine-scale interactions (attraction, avoidance, neutrality), even when these were asymmetric between individuals. The method worked best when confounding factors were taken into account in the step-selection function. However, even when failing to do so (e.g. due to missing information), interactions could be reasonably identified. In bank voles, responses depended strongly on the sexes of the involved individuals and matched expectations. 4. Our approach can be combined with conventional uses of step-selection functions to tease apart the various drivers of movement, e.g. the influence of the physical and the social environment. In addition, the method is particularly useful in studying interactions when responses are highly individual-specific, i.e. vary between and towards different individuals, making our method suitable for both single-species and multi-species analyses (e.g. in the context of predation or competition).
Plant traits shape soil legacy effects on individual plant-insect interactions
<p>Plant-mediated soil legacy effects can be important determinants of the performance of plants and their aboveground insect herbivores, but so far, soil legacy effects on plant-insect interactions have been tested for only a limited number of host plant species and soils. Here, we tested the performance of a polyphagous aboveground herbivore, caterpillars of the cabbage moth, <i>Mamestra brassicae</i> on twelve host plant species that were grown on a set of soils conditioned by each of these twelve species. We tested how growth rate (fast- or slow-growing) and functional type (grass or forb) of the plant species that conditioned the soil and of the responding host plant species growing in those soils affect the response of insect herbivores to conditioned soils. Our results show that plants and insect herbivores had lower biomass in soils that were conditioned by fast-growing forbs than in soils conditioned by slow-growing forbs. In soils conditioned by grasses, growth rate of the conditioning plant had the opposite effect, i.e., plants and herbivores had higher biomass in soils conditioned by fast-growing grasses, than in soils conditioned by slow-growing grasses. <a name="_Hlk21962191">We show that the response of aboveground insects to soil legacy effects is strongly positively correlated with the response of the host plant species, indicating that plant vigour may explain these relationships. </a>We provide evidence that soil communities can play an important role in shaping plant-insect interactions aboveground. Our results further emphasize the important and interactive role of the conditioning and the response plant in mediating soil-plant-insect interactions.</p>
The effect of inter-and intraspecific competition on individual and population niche widths – a four-decade study on two interacting salmonids
<p>Competition is assumed to shape niche widths, affecting species survival and coexistence. Expectedly, high interspecific competition will reduce population niche widths, whereas high intraspecific competition will do the opposite. Here we test in situ how intra- and interspecific competition affects trophic resource use and the individual and population niche widths of two lacustrine fish species, Arctic charr and brown trout, covering a 40 year study period with highly contrasting competitive impacts prior to and following a large-scale fish culling experiment. Initially, an overcrowded Arctic charr population dominated the study system, with brown trout being nearly absent. The culling experiment reduced the littoral Arctic charr density by 80%, whereupon brown trout gradually increased its density in the system. Thus, over the study period, the Arctic charr population went from high to low intraspecific competition, followed by increasing interspecific competition with brown trout. As hypothesized, the relaxed intraspecific competition following the experimental culling reduced individual diet specialization and compressed population niche width of Arctic charr. During the initial increase of the brown trout population, there was a large dietary overlap between the two species. Over the subsequent intensified interspecific competition from the population build-up of brown trout, their trophic niche overlap chiefly declined due to a dietary shift of Arctic charr towards enhanced zooplankton consumption. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the individual and population niche widths of Arctic charr increased with intensified interspecific competition. In contrast, the diet and niche width of brown trout remained stable over time, confirming its competitive superiority. The large-scale culling experiment and associated long-term research revealed pronounced temporal dynamics in trophic niche and resource use of the inferior competitor, substantiating that intra- and interspecific competition have large and contrasting impacts on individual and population niches.</p>
Data from: Individual and interactive effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance and rainfall on taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic composition and diversity of extrafloral nectary-bearing plants in Brazilian Caatinga
<p>Chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD) and climate change represent two of the major threats to biodiversity globally, but their combined effects are not well understood. Here we investigate the individual and interactive effects of increasing CAD and decreasing rainfall on the composition and taxonomic (TD), functional (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD) of plants possessing extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in semi-arid Brazilian Caatinga. EFNs attract ants that protect plants against insect herbivore attack and are extremely prevalent in the Caatinga flora. EFN-bearing plants were censused along gradients of disturbance and rainfall in Catimbau National Park in north-eastern Brazil. We recorded a total of 2,243 individuals belonging to 21 species. Taxonomic and functional composition varied along the rainfall gradient, but not along the disturbance gradient. There was a significant interaction between increasing disturbance and decreasing rainfall, with CAD leading to decreased TD, FD and PD in the most arid areas, and to increased TD, FD and PD in the wettest areas. We found a strong phylogenetic signal in the EFN traits we analysed, which explains the strong matching between patterns of FD and PD along the environmental gradients. The interactive effects of disturbance and rainfall revealed by our study indicate that the decreased rainfall forecast for Caatinga under climate change will increase the sensitivity of EFN-bearing plants to anthropogenic disturbance. This has important implications for the availability of a key food resource, which would likely have cascading effects on higher trophic levels.</p>
Exploring the Interaction Between Proprioceptive Sensitivity in the Hip, Knee, and Ankle Joints, Alongside Stability Limits Evaluated Through Computerized Posturography, in Elderly Individuals Afflicted with Fibromyalgia Syndrome.
<p><strong><span>Objectives: </span></strong><span>This study investigates proprioceptive sensitivity and stability limits in patients with Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) compared to healthy controls, focusing on joint reposition sense (JRS) and limits of stability (LOS). By delineating differences between the groups, it aims to uncover the proprioceptive deficits that contribute to balance impairments in FM sufferers. Additionally, the study explores correlations between JRS and LOS within the FM group, potentially informing targeted therapeutic strategies to enhance patient outcomes.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods: </span></strong><span>Fifty-four individuals with FM and 54 healthy controls participated in this research. Using precise digital inclinometers, JRS was evaluated at the hip, knee, and ankle joints. LOS was assessed using dynamic posturography with advanced iso-free technology. Various parameters were measured, including reaction time, maximum excursion, and directional control. </span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> Individuals with FM exhibited significant differences in JRS and LOS compared to healthy controls. For JRS errors in the hip, knee, and ankle joints (mean ± SD), the FM group showed 3.2° ± 0.6°, 2.9° ± 0.5°, and 3.5° ± 0.7°, respectively, while the control group exhibited 1.1° ± 0.4°, 1.0° ± 0.3°, and 1.2° ± 0.4°, respectively. In LOS, FM individuals had a reaction time of 1.8 ± 0.3 seconds, maximum excursion of 54.6% ± 6.2%, and directional control of 65.2% ± 5.8%, while healthy controls showed 0.9 ± 0.2 seconds, 72.4% ± 7.1%, and 77.8% ± 6.9%, respectively. </span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions:</span></strong><span> Correlation analysis revealed significant associations between JRS parameters and LOS outcomes within the FMS group, indicating that better proprioception was linked to improved postural stability. These findings have clinical implications for assessing and managing balance impairments in individuals with FMS, potentially contributing to the development of targeted interventions to improve their quality of life.</span></p>
Usability, Acceptability, User Experience, Human-Device Interaction, and Ergonomics in Two Mobile FES-Cycling Systems for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury
<p>This database originates from a study comparing two FES-cycling systems: the <strong>commercial BerkelBike Pro</strong> and a <strong>recumbent FES-bike prototype</strong> developed by the team at Politecnico di Milano. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the <strong>usability</strong>, <strong>acceptability</strong>, <strong>user experience</strong>, <strong>human-device interaction</strong>, and <strong>ergonomics</strong> of these two devices for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).</p> <p>The study involved 15 participants with SCI, covering a wide range of ages (18 to 65 years) and injury types (both complete and incomplete, at acute and chronic phases). Each participant underwent three sessions with both FES-cycling devices:</p> <ul> <li><strong>First session</strong>: Dedicated to setting up the system for each participant. For both the BerkelBike Pro and the FES-bike prototype, the system settings were tailored to meet individual needs, ensuring optimal comfort and function.</li> <li><strong>Second and third sessions</strong>: Focused on actual training, where participants used the devices to engage in cycling activities.</li> </ul> <p>At the end of the <strong>third session</strong>, participants completed a series of questionnaires to assess the usability, acceptability, user experience, and ergonomics of both devices. These questionnaires form the core of the study’s data collection and are central to understanding participants' interactions with the FES-cycling systems.</p> <p>The database is organized as follows:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Demographic data</strong>: The first page contains demographic information, including participants' age, gender, height, weight, time after injury, injury type (ASIA grade), and injury level.</li> <li><strong>PGWBI scores</strong>: The second page includes baseline data collected using the <strong>Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI)</strong>, which assesses the participants' emotional and psychological state before engaging with the devices. The PGWBI consists of 22 questions grouped into 6 items: "anxiety", "depression", "positivity", "self-control", "health" and "vitality”. The responses are assessed on a 6-point scale ranging from 0 to 5. The score contributions for each question are then added together and transformed to achieve the final score that can range from 0 to 110.</li> <li><strong>SUS scores</strong>: The third page contains the results from the <strong>System Usability Scale (SUS)</strong>, a standard 10-item questionnaire that evaluates the usability of each FES-cycling system based on user ratings. The SUS is evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 corresponds to strongly disagree, while 5 to strongly agree. The score contributions for each question are then added together and multiplied by 2.5 to achieve the final score that can range from 0 to 100, where higher scores indicate better usability.</li> <li><strong>TAM-3 scores</strong>: The fourth page presents data from the <strong>Technology Acceptance Model 3 (TAM-3)</strong>, which measures how participants perceive the ease of use and the usefulness of the devices. . The TAM-3 consists of 50 questions grouped into 14 items. These items include “perceived usefulness”, “perceived ease of use”, “self-efficacy”, “perception of external control”, “playfulness”, “anxiety”, “enjoyment”, “subjective norm”, “voluntariness”, “image”, “relevance”, “output quality”, “result demonstrability” and “behavioral intention”. The items are investigated using a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 corresponds to strongly disagree, while 7 to strongly agree.</li> <li><strong>UEQ scores</strong>: The fifth page includes responses from the <strong>User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ)</strong>, evaluating participants' experience with the devices. The UEQ consists of 26 questions grouped in six items: “attractiveness”, “perspicuity”, “efficiency”, “dependability”, “stimulation” and “novelty”. Questions are scored using a 7-point Likert scale, where 1 corresponds to strongly disagree, while 7 to strongly agree. Then scores per item are transformed using a scale ranging from -3 to +3, with +3 representing the most positive value (extremely good) and -3 the most negative one (horribly bad). Values between -0.8 and 0.8 represent a neutral evaluation of the corresponding scale, values > 0.8 represent a positive evaluation and values < -0.8 represent a negative one.</li> <li><strong>Custom questionnaire scores</strong>: The sixth page contains data from a <strong>custom-designed questionnaire</strong>, created specifically for this study to assess the ergonomics of the two FES-cycling systems, with particular attention to human-device interaction at both the physical and psychological levels. It consists of 12 questions covering four items: the transfer from/to the bikes and the initial tuning, bike comfort, its accessibility, and the ease of interaction. Questions are evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale, where 1 corresponds to strongly disagree/very uncomfortable, while 5 to strongly agree/very comfortable.</li> </ol> <p>This comprehensive data collection allows for a thorough comparison of the two FES-cycling systems in terms of user experience and overall acceptability in the SCI population.</p> <p>Please cite the following manuscript when using this database:<br>Nossa R, Biffi E, Sanna N, Diella E, Guanziroli E, Ferrari F, Ferrante S, Molteni F, Pedrocchi A, Tarabini M, Ambrosini E. Assessment of User Experience, Acceptability, Usability, Human-Device Interaction, and Ergonomics in Two Mobile FES-Cycling Systems for Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury. Artif Organs. 2025 Apr 16. doi: 10.1111/aor.15007. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40237144.</p>
Data and Scripts for "Timing matters in Macrophage / CD4+ T cell interactions: An agent-based model comparing Mycobacterium tuberculosis host-pathogen interactions between latently infected and naïve individuals"
<p>This contains the data and graphing scripts necessary to recreate all figures in the paper "Timing matters in Macrophage / CD4+ T cell interactions: An agent-based model comparing Mycobacterium tuberculosis host-pathogen interactions between latently infected and naïve individuals". Supplemental Material for the paper is also provided here. Please refer to the README.md for instructions on how to use. The model can be found at: https://github.itap.purdue.edu/ElsjePienaarGroup/LTBINaiveinvitroModel/ along with the uncalibrated parameter files and scripts to run on HPCs.</p>
Individual flowering phenology shapes plant-pollinator interactions across ecological scales affecting plant reproduction
<p>1. The balance of pollination competition and facilitation amongst co-flowering plants and abiotic resource availability can modify plant species and individual reproduction. Floral resource succession and spatial heterogeneity modulate plant-pollinator interactions across ecological scales (individual plant, local assemblage, interaction network of agroecological infrastructure across the farm). Intraspecific variation in flowering phenology can modulate the precise level of spatio-temporal heterogeneity in floral resources, pollen donor density and pollinator interactions that a plant individual is exposed to, thereby affecting reproduction.</p> <p>2. We tested how abiotic resources and multi-scale plant-pollinator interactions affected individual plant seed set, modulated by intraspecific variation in flowering phenology and spatio-temporal floral heterogeneity arising from agroecological infrastructure. We transplanted two focal insect-pollinated plant species (<em>Cyanus</em> <em>segetum</em> and <em>Centaurea</em> <em>jacea</em>, n = 288) into agroecological infrastructure (10 sown wildflower, 6 legume-grass strips) across a farm-scale experiment (125 ha).</p> <p>3. We applied an individual-based phenologically explicit approach to match precisely the flowering period of plant individuals to the concomitant level of spatio-temporal heterogeneity in plant-pollinator interactions, potential pollen donors, floral resources and abiotic conditions (temperature, water, nitrogen).</p> <p>4. Individual plant attractiveness, assemblage floral density and conspecific pollen donor density (<em>C</em>. <em>jacea</em>) improved seed set. Network linkage density increased focal species' seed set and modified the effect of local assemblage richness and abundance on <em>C</em>. <em>segetum</em>. Mutual dependence on pollinators in networks increased <em>C</em>. <em>segetum</em> seed set, while <em>C</em>. <em>jacea</em> seed set was greatest where both specialization on pollinators and mutual dependence was high. Abiotic conditions were of little or no importance to seed set.</p> <p>5. Intra- and interspecific plant-pollinator interactions respond to spatio-temporal heterogeneity arising from agroecological management affecting wild plant species reproduction. The interplay of pollinator interactions within and between ecological scales affecting seed set implies a co-occurrence of pollinator-mediated facilitative and competitive interactions among plant species and individuals. </p>
Individual and interactive effects of warming and nitrogen supply on CO2 fluxes and carbon allocation in subarctic grassland
<p>We provide data (Data_all.xlsx) and the code for ecosystem productivity, soil respiration, carbon allocation in the shoot, root, soil, and microbes, and nitrogen and carbon availability in plant, soil, and microbes data. The measurements were made under soil warming gradient and under N fertilization treatment during the summer of 2018.</p> <p>The sheet '13C_allocation' contains data on excess <sup>13</sup>C in the plant, soil, and soil respiration for days 1,3,6, and 10 days after <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> pulse labeling. </p> <p>The sheet 'primary productivity' contains data on ecosystem fluxes (Gross primary productivity; Net ecosystem productivity and Dark respiration).</p> <p>The sheet 'SR' contains data of soil respiration.</p> <p>The sheet 'dynamics.' contains data of continuous measurements of soil respired CO<sub>2</sub> (SR), <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> (SR13C), soil water content(SWC), soil temperature (ST), and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) and air temperature (Tair).</p> <p>The sheet 'Soil_N' consists of dissolved organic N (TdN), NH<sub>4</sub>, and NO<sub>3</sub> measured in soil. The sheet plant_N consists of N in plants. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) are provided in the sheet 'Microbial_Biomass'</p> <p>The R file 'Script. R' explains and plots the data. In addition, this R file also provides the script for time series regression analysis between response variables (soil-respired CO<sub>2</sub> and soil-respired <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>) and environmental drivers (soil water content, soil temperature, and PAR), and provides the script for structural equation modeling (SEM) and linear mixed effects model and statistics.</p>
Intra-individual Variability and Circadian Rhythm of VEGF Levels and Interaction With Biomarkers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02325271. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.