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Fig. 16 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 16. SEM micrographs of p4 of Xaymaca fulvopulvis AMNHM 268011 (holotype), illustrating smallscale features and other details. (A) Occlusal surface; areas B, C, and D are shown at higher magnification in rest of figure (boxes show location and approximate sizes of area depicted). (B) Thin cementum (ce) band on periphery of tooth and dentine (de) matrix perforated by numerous tubules for odontoblast projections. (C) and (D) Organization

Fig. 14 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 14. Left hemimandibles of three individuals of Cuban heteropsomyine Boromys torrei as seen in radiographs (A–C) and ordinarylight photographs (D–F, opposite page) in medial aspect. Specimens illustrate cheektooth wear stages discussed in text: (A, D) AMNHP 140812 representing stage 1, slight wear; (B, E) AMNHP 140811 representing stage 2, moderate wear; (C, F) AMNHP 140810 representing stage 3, advanced wear (see also fig. 15). (Ascending ramus of specimen depicted in C and F was lost during setup for radiography). Arrows in D and E show migration of relative position of cervix as teeth wear down; in F, enamelodentine junction has been consumed by attrition and root material is exposed at occlusal surface. In radiographs of the oldest stage (C), the thickened roots overlap and thus appear solid, but the line of separation can still be seen in the photograph (F).

Fig. 20 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 20. Effects of extreme wear on heptaxodontine dentitions. (A) Ventral aspect of palate (AMNHP 140818) of aged individual of Elasmodontomys obliquus from Toraño Cave, Puerto Rico, showing broken right P4–M2 with root ends still in their sockets (M3 still intact). Anthony (1918) thought that the P4s of this animal were still functional at the time of death, although this is now difficult to corroborate because the occlusal surface of the remaining P4 is shattered. In any case, what is left of the tooth still projects well above the alveolar border and appears to consist entirely of dentinal tissue (no enamel). (B) Occlusal view of jaw (AMNHP 140819) of E. obliquus from same locality, showing worn p4 root exposed in its alveolus (other teeth lost). Note complete closure of mental suture (ms).

Fig. 12 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 12. Left hemimandibles of (A) Jamaican capromyid Geocapromys brownii AMNHM 45146 and (B, opposite page) Cuban heteropsomyine Boromys torrei AMNHP 140813, lateral (top) and medial (bottom) aspects. See text for comparisons to holotype of Xaymaca fulvopulvis.

Fig. 13 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 13. Jaw and tooth structure of Amblyrhiza inundata (after Cope, 1883), illustrating (A) AMNHP 11836, lamelliform m3 in situ, and (B) AMNHP 11839, the most complete jaw in AMNHP collection. Although Amblyrhiza was larger than Xaymaca by two orders of magnitude, general shape, orientation, and lack of ornamentation of cylindriform alveoli are similar (cf. fig. 9). One conspicuous difference is complete fusion of hemimandibles at mental symphysis in Amblyrhiza.

Fig. 11 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 11. Radiograph of Xaymaca fulvopulvis AMNHM 268011 (holotype). The socketed part of p4 is essentially cylindrical, without discrete roots (opaque areas are sidewalls, not divisions; see text).

Fig. 10 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 10. Incisor tip (top) of Xaymaca fulvopulvis AMNHM 268011 (holotype) after brief exposure to 3% hydrochloric acid, showing in closeup (bottom) strong expression of multiserial HunterSchreger bands.

Fig. 9. Xaymaca fulvopulvis AMNHM 268011 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 9. Xaymaca fulvopulvis AMNHM 268011 (holotype, top) compared to jaw of Jamaican capromyid Geocapromys brownii AMNHM 45156 (bottom), stereopairs of occlusal aspect of left mandible, photographed in ordinary light (note difference in 1 mm scales). The worn p4 of the Xaymaca holotype is uncoated in this figure (cf. fig. 8), revealing smallscale features. Note sharp boundary (feature 1) between dark dentinal core of tooth and thin, light outer layer of cementum that encircles it (closeup of this boundary can be seen in fig. 16B). Features 2 and 3 are possibly sections of the pulp chamber, seen through translucent dentine on the p4 trituration surface (cf. fig. 16D). Geocapromys brownii conspicuously differs from Xaymaca in alveolar orientation and internal ornamentation of tooth sockets (cf. empty p4 alveolus). Geocapromys and the endemic sigmodontine Oryzomys antillarum are the only other rodents represented in Pleistocene levels at Drum Cave.

Fig. 8 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 8. Hemimandible of Xaymaca fulvopulvis AMNHM 268011 (holotype), stereopair of occlusal aspect, coated to emphasize surface textures (cf. fig. 9). Shallow groove crosscutting lingual moiety of p4's occlusal surface is evidently due to wear; it is not a fracture surface (see text).

Fig. 6 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 6. Right proximal femora of heptaxodontine Amblyrhiza inundata (Anguilla/St. Martin): AMNHP 11847 (''small'' morph) in (A) caudal aspect; AMNHP 11843/O (''large'' morph) in (B) caudal, (C) caudomedial, and (D) craniolateral aspects; and AMNHP 11843/N (''large'' morph) in (E) lateral aspect. (Photographs after Biknevicius et al., 1993; drawings after Cope, 1883.) Similarities in morphology suggest that Sheep Pen femur (fig. 5A–C) may belong to a megafaunal caviidan, although beyond general resemblance there is nothing that specifically indicates a relationship to Amblyrhiza. (For discussion of size variability in Amblyrhiza, see Biknevicius et al., 1993). Key: hd, head; lt, lesser trochanter; tf, trochanteric fossa; tgt, ''towered'' greater trochanter.

Fig. 5 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 5. Sheep Pen right proximal femur UF 27400, in (A) cranial (anterior), (B) caudal (posterior), and (C) lateral aspects, compared to similarly damaged right femur attributed to Clidomys AMNHP 108580 (D–F, same aspects). Although substantial parts of each specimen are missing, the contrast in size is obvious (note scales). Key: *, modeling clay joining pieces of UF 27400; gt, greater trochanter; hd, head; lt, lesser trochanter; tf, trochanteric fossa.

Fig. 3. Alterodon major AMNHP 17638 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 3. Alterodon major AMNHP 17638 (holotype), stereopairs: (A)?distal and (B)?mesial aspects. We argue (see text) that this tooth is broken; in the intact state it would have closely resembled cheekteeth of Clidomys in being composed of separate or conjoined lamellae connected by interlamellar plaques of cementum (indicated by dense stippling in fig. 4). Spencer (1987) argued instead that the plaque identified as feature 1 in A is all that is left of a thick layer of cementum that originally enwrapped the entire tooth (thus making the specimen, in his view, much more octodontidlike). Feature 2 is a plaque that does not continue to the lateral surface because it fills a space formed by conjoined lamellae, but this is not unusual in Clidomys cheekteeth (cf. fig. 4C, E, I, J). Feature 3 is a developmental interruption in enamel formation, also occasionally encountered in Clidomys (fig. 4B) and thus adding to the sense of similarity. For tooth pattern see figure 4E.

Fig. 4 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 4. Cheektooth morphology in Jamaican clidomyines (after MacPhee, 1984): (A–J) examples of variants in lamellar conformation. Specimen A, holotype of ''Spirodontomys jamaicensis''(= Clidomys parvus); specimen E, holotype of Alterodon major; and specimen F, holotype of ''Speoxenus cundalli'' (= C. osborni). All other specimens assigned to Clidomys sp. Arrow in B points to developmental defect in enamel deposition, similar to that seen in Alterodon holotype (fig. 3B). Although no other teeth identical to the Alterodon holotype have been recovered, the existence of an appreciable amount of morphological variation in the existing hypodigm throws considerable doubt on the former's distinctiveness. In this diagram only: AMNH = AMNHP. Scale = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 2. Cheektooth morphology in Puerto Rican heptaxodontine Elasmodontomys obliquus (after Anthony, 1918); despite orientation, both specimens are maxillary molars. In A, from a young animal, root is open and apical hypertrophy has not begun. In B, from an aged animal, attrition has substantially reduced original tooth length. However, attritional loss is partly compensated by apical hypertrophy at root end, so crown appears to be perched on stub of secondary dentine (arrow).

Fig. 1 in A Possible Heptaxodontine and Other Caviidan Rodents from the Quaternary of Jamaica

Fig. 1. Localities of specimens described in text: Wallingford Roadside Cave (holotype of Alterodon major), Sheep Pen (caviidan proximal femur), and Drum Cave (holotype of Xaymaca fulvopulvis). MacPhee (1984) provided detailed descriptions of Wallingford Roadside Cave and Sheep Pen. Survey map of Drum Cave (after Fincham, 1997) shows location of pit #2 in Brown Dust Passage, where type jaw of Xaymaca was recovered.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in Chrysobothris bimaculata (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a new species from Jamaica, with a key to the genus in Jamaica

Fig. 1. Chrysobothris bimaculata sp. nov. Holotype female, dorsal habitus. Scale bar = 1 mm.

opencc-byApr 2019View details →

Port Royal, Jamaica, 2010, National Geographic

In 2010, as part of a film shot for National Geographic on the sunken part of Port Royal, 3D survey of a housing unit underwater photogrammetry. http://www.natgeotv.com/int/wicked-pirate-city/videos/swabbing-pirate-city Underwater survey team: Pierre Drap, Olivier Bianchimani, Jean-Luc Verdier, David Djaoui, Stefano Bruno. Originally made in 2010 with 3 Nikon D700 synchronized, the images were processed with Bundler. A new process was done in 2019 with Metashape, Agisoft and Reality Capture. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-byJan 2022View details →

Jamaica

[Jamaica](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning 10,990 square kilometres (4,240 sq mi) in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about 145 kilometres (90 mi) south of Cuba, and 191 kilometres (119 mi) west of Hispaniola (the island containing the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic); the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands lies some 215 kilometres (134 mi) to the north-west. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Raw data for the application of temperature and light intensity as intermittency sensors in a temporary pond in Jamaica

<p>Data provided represent the raw data collected for the paper on the application of temperature and light intensity as intermittency sensors in a temporary pond in Jamaica.</p>