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opengpl-2.0Jan 2016View details →

NDVI datasets related with the article "A comparative study of cross-product NDVI dynamics in the Kilimanjaro region - a matter of sensor, degradation calibration, and significance"

AHVRR GIMMS and MODIS NDVI input datasets and main results on seasonal and long-term NDVI dynamics related with the manuscript "A comparative study of cross-product NDVI dynamics in the Kilimanjaro region - a matter of sensor, degradation calibration, and significance" recently published in Remote Sensing 8(2), 159, doi: 10.3390/rs8020159.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2024View details →

Distribution, response to human disturbance, habitat preferences, and acoustic communication of tree hyraxes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

This data consists data from recordings done in Mt. Kilimanjaro. Hourly calls of tree hyraxes have been calculated between 19.00 until 06:00. Dataset also has variables collected by other research groups. We combined our data of cue count per hour with data to analyse tree hyrax density with explanatory variables to model occupancy of tree hyraxes in Kilimanjaro. Dataset was combined from several research projects conducted within the Kili-Project (Hemp et al. 2018) (Table 1). Variables included forest type, temperature (Appelhans et al. 2015) precipitation (Appelhans et al. 2016). diameter breast height (DBH), leaf density, max vegetation height, and leaf area index (LAI) (Rutten et al., 2015). We also included land use index (LUI) (Peters et al. 2019) to the dataset, which included four different variables (percentage plant biomass removal, agricultural inputs, modification of the vegetation and percentage of agricultural area in the surroundings). Abstract Limited knowledge exists of the distribution, habitat selection, behavior and response to human disturbance of many mammalian species from mountains of Africa. This is especially true for nocturnal mammals. We studied acoustically very active tree hyraxes (Dendrohyrax validus validus) from Mt. Kilimanjaro National Park, Tanzania mainly with bioacoustical methods. To gain understanding of the habitat preferences of tree hyraxes we combined bioacoustical data with botanical and meteorological data collected earlier by KiLi Project. According to GLMM analysis, disturbance caused by logging or forest fires significantly reduced tree hyrax calling activity. In Mt. Kilimanjaro, highest density of tree hyraxes was found from 2750 m a.s.l. It seems that extensive hunting in the past and selective logging below elevation 2500 m caused tree hyraxes to move up the mountain. Calls of tree hyraxes in Mt. Kilimanjaro resemble calls emitted by hyraxes in Taita Hills, Kenya; however, there are clear differences in their calling cultures. In Mt. Kilimanjaro tree hyraxes also sing songs, and their acoustic communication is very active and diverse. In most preferred habitats, groups of tree hyraxes may call 4500–5500 times during one night. Calling seem to have elements of turn taking and individual signatures. Future of tree hyraxes in large, 650 km2, Mt. Kilimanjaro National Park seems promising and perhaps in the future tree hyraxes will recolonize the whole park area again.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Biogeochemial Soil Dataset for Old Growth and Disturbed Forest Sites at Mount Kilimanjaro

This dataset presents biogeochemical data (pH, CNS, soil texture, bulk density, extractable metals, cation exchange capacity) from 21 profiles at Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. The data is part of Schrumpf's dissertation ("Biogeochemical Investigations in Old Growth and Disturbed Forest Sites at Mount Kilimanjaro"). Exact sampling locations (WSG84: long/lat) are reported for each profile. Analyses of soil material were carried out on air dried samples (30°C) of the fraction < 2 mm. Soil pH was determined using H20, and 1 M KCl at a soil solution ratio of 1 (m) : 2.5 (v) and a standard combined electrode with integrated temperature probe (WTW SenTix 41 pH 330). Total C and total N contents were analyzed on ball-milled samples using a total element analyzer (Elementar Vario EL). Exchangeable cations (K, Ca,Mg, Na, Al) were extracted by an unbuffered 0.5 M NH4Cl solution (Trüby & Aldinger 1989) and measured by atomic absorption (Varian SpectrAA 400). The ECEC was calculated as the sum of exchangeable base cations and exchangeable Al. At ten profiles in ten main study area between 2100 and 2330 m, Fe and Al in metal-humus complexes (Fep, Alp) were extracted by shaking 2g of soil in 0.1 M sodium pyrophosphate (pH 10) for 16h, followed by centrifugation, after addition of CaCl2. Fe, Al and Si in ferrihydrite, allophane, imogolite and metal humus complexes (Feo, Alo, Sio) were determined in all soils using a 0.2 M oxalate solution (pH 3) (Schwertmann 1964). The cold dithionite-citrate buffer (DCB) method (Holmgren 1967) was used to analyze the amounts of Fe and Al (Fed and Ald) in crystalline oxides and fractions from metal-humus complexes and amorphous constituents. Bulk density was determined on three undisturbed soil cores with a volume of 100 cm-3, which were taken from each soil horizon.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Mist netting, ringing and morphometric data of birds on Mt. Kilimanjaro

Mist netting, ringing and morphometric data of birds for all plots on the land use gradient (flm: lower mountain forest, hom: Chagga home garden, cof: coffee plantation, gra: grasslands, sun: coffee plantation without tree cover). Acronyms: cap : capture or recapture; kd: Kipp's distance; bp: brood patch The KiLi project (2010-2018) is a German Science Foundation (DFG) funded research unit (DFG research unit FOR1246) that focuses on biodiversity and ecosystem processes along altitudinal and disturbance gradients on Mt. Kilimanjaro (Tanzania, Africa), capitalizing on its world-wide unique range of climatic and vegetation zones. The research unit comprises 2 central projects and 7 subprojects from various disciplines. On a total of 60 study sites in both natural and human-disturbed ecosystems biodiversity (e.g. plants, soil arthropods, ants, bees, frogs, lizards, bats, birds), related ecosystem processes (decomposition, seed dispersal, pollination, herbivory, predation), and biogeochemical processes and properties of ecosystems (climate, soil properties and nutrient status, regulation of water and carbon fluxes, trace gas emissions, primary productivity, functional diversity) are analyzed.

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Data from: Comparative landscape genetics of two river frog species occurring at different elevations on Mount Kilimanjaro

Estimating population connectivity and species' abilities to disperse across the landscape is crucial for understanding the long-term persistence of species in changing environments. Surprisingly, few landscape genetics studies focused on tropical regions despite the alarming extinction rates within these ecosystems. Here, we compared the influence of landscape features on the distribution of genetic variation of an Afromontane frog, Amietia wittei, with that of its more broadly distributed lowland congener, A. angolensis, on Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. We predicted high gene flow in the montane species with movements enhanced through terrestrial habitats of the continuous rainforest. In contrast, dispersal might be restricted to aquatic corridors and reduced by anthropogenic disturbance in the lowland species. We found high gene flow in A. wittei relative to other montane amphibians. Nonetheless, gene flow was lower than in the lowland species which showed little population structure. Least-cost path analysis suggested that dispersal is facilitated by stream networks in both species, but different landscape features were identified to influence connectivity among populations. Contrary to a previous study, gene flow in the lowland species was negatively correlated with the presence of human settlements. Also, genetic subdivision in A. wittei did not coincide with specific physical barriers as in other landscape genetics studies, suggesting that factors other than topography may contribute to population divergence. Overall these results highlight the importance of a comparative landscape genetics approach for assessing the influence of the landscape matrix on population connectivity, particularly because non-intuitive results can alter the course of conservation and management.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

FIGURE15 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE15. Gryllacrididae of Kilimanjaro A. Ametroides nigrifacies (Sjöstedt), eastern slopes, tree savanna, 1000 m B–D. Glomeremus kilimandjaricus (Sjöstedt), southern slopes, Msaranga valley, from bushes at night, 1400 m E. Glomeremus falcifer (Sjöstedt), lower montane forest, in bush and tree layer at night, 1710 m F. Strictogryllacris cf. pallidus, southern slopes, Msaranga valley, from bushes at night, 1400 m.

FIGURE 18 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 18. Accumulation curve of Ensifera species collected on Mt Kilimanjaro in the period 1996–2012.

FIGURE 14 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 14. Pseudophyllinae and Saginae species of Kilimanjaro. A–C. Acauloplax exigua Karsch, southern slopes, plantation belt, 1430 m, male (A), and females (B, C) D. Male Cymatomerella sp., eastern slopes, tree savanna 1000 m E–H. Zabalius ophthalmicus (Walker), southern slopes, plantation belt 1430, male (E), female (F), female face (G), female nymph, last instar (H) I. Male Clonia jagoi Kaltenbach eastern slopes, savanna grassland, 1000 m.

FIGURE 12 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 12. Phaneropterinae species of Kilimanjaro. A. Female Ducetia punctipennis (Gerstäcker), Chala area, savanna grasslands on herbs, 1000 m B. Female Corycomima sp., lower montane forest, southern slopes, 1710 m C–E. Lunidia viridis Hemp, lower montane forest, southern slopes, 1710 m, male (C), female (D), male nymph (E) F–I. Monticolaria kilimandjarica Sjöstedt, lower montane forest, southern slopes, 1710 m, male (F), male moulting at night (G), female (H), and male nymph (I).

FIGURE 13 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 13. Phaneropterinae species of Kilimanjaro A–B. Male (A) and female (B) Melidia laminata Chopard, eastern slopes, tree savanna, Chala area, 1000 m C. Male Plangia graminea (Serville), southern slopes, plantation belt, 1430 m D–E. Phaneroptera sparsa (Stål), southern slopes, female (D) plantation belt 1430 m and male (E), bush in savanna grassland, colline zone eastern slopes F. Male Diogena denticulata Chopard on Acacia sp., eastern slopes, tree savanna, Chala area G. Female Terpnistria zebrata (Serville), on Acacia sp., southern slopes, plantation belt 1430 m H. Female Tylopsis dispar Sjöstedt, eastern slopes, savanna grassland, 1100 m, imitating bract leaves of Cyperus niveus I. Male Tylopsis rubrescens Kirby, savanna grassland, eastern slopes, 1000 m.

FIGURE 11 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 11. Phaneropterinae species of Kilimanjaro, genus Eurycorypha A, B. Eurycorypha combretoides Hemp, eastern slopes, on single Mango tree, 1000 m, male (A) and male ant-stage nymph (B) C, D. E. meruensis Sjöstedt, southern slopes, plantation belt, male (C) and male nymph (D) E. Male E. punctipennis Chopard, southern slopes, riverine forest, 1300 m F. E. resonans Hemp, southern slopes, plantation belt, 1430 m G–I. E. varia Brunner von Wattenwyl, southern slopes, lower border of montane forest, 1710 m, male (G), female (H) and female nymph imitating lichens (I).

FIGURE 10 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 10. Phaneropterinae species of Kilimanjaro A–C. Arantia fasciata (Walker), female (A, B) and male nymph, southern slopes, plantation belt 1430 m (C) D. Male Gonatoxia maculata Karsch, southern slopes, plantation belt, 1430 m E–F. Catoptropteryx aurita Huxley, southern slopes, plantation belt 1430 m, male (E), female (F).

FIGURE 4 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 4. Internal genitalic structures of Agraeciini species. A. Afroanthracites montium, titillators with view on baso-lateral sclerites; B. Afroanthracites montium, titillators in apico-ventral view. C. Afroagraecia brachyptera n. sp., titillators in apicoventral view; D. Afroagraecia brachyptera n. sp., titillators in proximo-dorsal view. Abbreviations: al—apico-lateral sclerite, bl—baso-lateral sclerite, le—lateral extension of titillator, lti—lateral titillator, ti—central titillator (titillator proper), te—testes. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 8. Hexacentrinae, Meconematinae and Mecopodinae species of Kilimanjaro A–C. Aerotegmina kilimandjarica Hemp, montane forest, southern slopes, 1710 m A. Male B. Female. C. Male nymph, last instar D. Female Amytta olindo Hemp, lower border of montane forest, grassland, 1710 m. E–F. Anoedopoda lamellata (Linné), submontane riverine forest; Male (E) and female (F).

FIGURE 9 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 9. Phaneropterinae species of Kilimanjaro, Acrometopini A, B. Altihoratosphaga montivaga (Sjöstedt), western slopes, Lerongo, 1500 m, male (A) and female (B) C, D. Horatosphaga heteromorpha (Karsch), grassy patches in plantation belt southern slopes, 1430 m, male (C) and female (D) E, F. Horatosphaga meruensis (Sjöstedt), western slopes, savanna grasslands, 1300 m, male (E) and female (F) G. Male Lamecosoma inermis Ragge, savanna grasslands, eastern slopes, 1000 m H, I. Peronura clavigera Karsch, eastern slopes, savanna grasslands on herbs, male (H) and female (I).

FIGURE 5 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 5. Karniellina (Conocephalinae, Conocephalini) of Mt Kilimanjaro. A. Female Acanthoscirtes albostriatus Hemp, eastern slopes, savanna grassland, 1000 m. B. Male Chortoscirtes pseudomeruensis Hemp, savanna grassland eastern slope, 1100 m. C. Male Fulvoscirtes fulvus fulvus Hemp, submontane zone, grassy road side eastern slopes, 1450 m. D, E. Male and female Fulvoscirtes kilimandjaricus (Sjöstedt); submontane grassland southern slopes, 1430 m. F. Melanoscirtes kibonotensis kibonotensis (Sjöstedt), ruderal vegetation along montane forest road at southern slopes, 1800 m.

FIGURE 7 in Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania

FIGURE 7. Hetrodinae of Mt Kilimanjaro. A, B. Eugasteroides loricatus (Gerstaecker), collected at eastern slopes, tree/bush savanna A. Mating pair B. Female with spermatophore. C. Spalacomimus verruciferus (Karsch), eastern slopes, tree savanna D–F. Spalacomimus talpa (Gerstaecker) D. Male, eastern slopes, tree savanna E–F. Female, submontane plantation belt southern slopes, 1430 m.