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131 results for “Lecanoromycetes”
FIGURE 16 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 16. Species in the L. varia-group. A–G. Lecanora confusoides. A–B. Thallus variation on different substrates. A. Thick, rimoseareolate thallus with ±adnate apothecia, disc brown, in parts with a dark grayish tinge, distinctly pruinose, on fibrous bark of Cordia (Bungartz, F. 8833, CDS 45651–holotype). B. Thin, endosubstratal to rimose, abundantly blastidiate-sorediate thallus with ±immersed apothecia, the apothecial margin blastidiate-sorediate (Bungartz, F. 7207, CDS 37691). C. Filiform conidia (Bungartz, F. 8833, CDS 45651). D. Asci with narrowly oblong ascospores (Bungartz, F. 8833, CDS 45651). E–G. Apothecial sections (in water, DIC). E. Proper exciple well developed, abundantly inspersed with small, orange granules, thalline exciple below reduced (Bungartz, F. 6044, CDS 33723). F. Proper exciple well developed, sparsely interspersed with small, orange granules, thalline exciple below moderately developed (Bungartz, F. 8833, CDS 45651). G. Proper exciple well developed, sparsely interspersed with small, orange granules, thalline exciple along the outside well developed, but ±disintegrating (Bungartz, F. 8833, CDS 45651). Scales: A & B = 5 mm; C = 20 µm; D = 10 µm; E, F & G = 100 µm.
FIGURE 8 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 8. Species in the L. pinguis-group. A–C. Lecanora atro-ocellata. A–B. Morphological variation A. General thallus aspect, pale yellow, discrete areoles, apothecia adnate to sessile, with thick, crenate margin and blackened, faintly pruinose disc (Bungartz, F. 7427, CDS 37914). B. Close-up of the thallus (Ertz, D. 11821, CDS 37180–holotype). C. Apothecial section (in water, DIC): exciple with large crystals, epihymenium aeruginose, in parts ±granular (Ertz, D. 11821, CDS 37180–holotype). D–G. Lecanora pseudopinguis. D–F. Morphological variation. D. Thallus flattened, rimose-areolate (Bungartz, F. 5194, CDS 29407). E. Thallus slightly convoluted (Bungartz, F. 7278, CDS 37762). F. Thallus gnarled, rimose-areolate, with fimbriate marginal areoles (Bungartz, F. 7772, CDS 38280). G. Apothecial section: exciple with pale brown cortex, packets of green photobionts inside, dispersed throughout with minute crystals (Bungartz, F. 7278, CDS 37762). Scales: A, B, D & F = 5 mm; C & G = 100 µm; F = 10 µm.
FIGURE 6 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 6. Species in the L. pallida-group. A–B. Lecanora caesiorubella. A. Rimose-areolate thallus with fimbriate white prothallus (Bungartz, F. 4466, CDS 28552). B. Thick exciple of thin-walled radiating hyphae, evenly pale brown throughout, inspersed by minute crystals (Aptroot, A. 64592, CDS 31165). C–G. Morphological variation of Lecanora cerebriformis. C–D. Specimen with continuous to barely rimose, not distinctly cerebriform thallus (Bungartz, F. 10260, CDS 47679). C. Thallus flat, only where apothecia form in the center the thallus becomes barely convoluted. D. Thick exciple of thin-walled radiating hyphae, evenly pale brown throughout, inspersed by minute crystals. E–G. Strongly cerebriform specimens. E. Thallus (Bungartz, F. 5215, CDS 29428). F. Lecanora-type asci (Bungartz, F. 6633, CDS 34853–holotype; in Lugol's iodine, DIC). G. Thick exciple of thin-walled radiating hyphae, evenly pale brown throughout, inspersed by minute crystals (Bungartz, F. 6633, CDS 34853–holotype). Scales: A, C & E = 5 mm; B, D & G = 100 µm; F = 10 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 5. Species in the L. marginata-group. A–B. Lecanora sp. 1 (Aptroot, A. 64396, CDS 30962). A. Rimose-areolate thallus of abundant pycnidia and serrately interlocking fissures. B. filiform conidia. Scales: A, = 5 mm; B = 10 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 3. Species in the L. marginata-group. A–B. Lecanora legalloana (Bungartz, F. 9366, CDS 46653). A. Rimose-areolate thallus composed of interlocked, crenate areoles, with immersed, deep reddish brown apothecia. B. Apothecial section with deep brown epihymenium, exciple with few large and abundant minute crystals. C–D. Lecanora oreinoides (Bungartz, F. 6781, CDS 36200). C. Thallus areolate, apothecia immersed, black. D. Apothecial section: exciple barely differentiated from surrounding thallus, epihymenium aeruginose. E–F. Lecanora subimmersa (Bungartz, F. 6311, CDS 34523). E. Rimose-areolate thallus composed of interlocked, crenate areoles, with immersed, deep reddish brown apothecia. F. Apothecial section with deep brown epihymenium, exciple with few large and abundant minute crystals, barely differentiated from surrounding thallus. Scales: A, C & E = 5 mm; B, D & E = 100 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 4. Species in the L. marginata-group. A–F. Lecanora prosecha. A–B. Esorediate specimen (Bungartz, F. 5633, CDS 33258). A. Thallus of distinctly crenate areoles with deeply immersed, cryptolecanorine, dark reddish-brown to blackened apothecia. B. Apothecial section (in water, DIC): exciple indistinct from surrounding thallus, epihymenium pale brown. C–F. Morphological variation of sorediate thalli. C. General growth aspect of the rimose, pale pinkish gray thallus (Bungartz, F. 6968, CDS 36472–holotype). D. Close-up of thick rimose pale pinkish gray thallus with sublobate margins, pustulate soralia with coarsely granular whitish to pale green soredia (Bungartz, F. 8675, CDS 41321). E. Sorediate thallus with immersed, cryptolecanorine apothecia (Bungartz, F. 8675, CDS 41321). F. Rimose pale gray thallus in parts tinged by reddish iron-oxides, pustulate soralia mostly eroded, leaving circular scars (Bungartz, F. 4848, CDS 29024). Scales: A, C, D, E & F = 5 mm; B = 100 µm.
FIGURE 10 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 10. Species in the L. subfusca-group; superficially similar species with pale apothecial disc and pulicaris-type exciple (large crystals only). A–B. Lecanora achroa (Nugra, F. 111, CDS 32765). A. Thick rimose-areolate, white thallus with lecanorine apothecia with pale brown discs, growing on smooth bark of Bursera. B. Apothecial section with chlarotera-type epihymenium and pulicaris-type exciple. C–D. Lecanora leprosa. C. White, dispersed thallus granules on whitish prothallus with lecanorine apothecia with pale yellowish green discs, on smooth bark of Bursera (Bungartz, F. 6319, CDS 34534). D. Apothecial section with chlarotera-type epihymenium and pulicaris-type exciple (Bungartz, F. 6039, CDS 33718). E–F. Lecanora sulfurescens. E. White thallus with lecanorine apothecia with pale brown discs, growing on rock (Bungartz, F. 4054, CDS 27984). F. Apothecial section with pulicaris-type epihymenium and pulicaris-type exciple (Bungartz, F. 6562, CDS 34780). Scales: A, C, & E = 5 mm; B, D & F = 100 µm.
FIGURE 2 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 2. Species in the L. marginata-group. A–D. Morphological variation of Lecanora austrosorediosa. A–B. Bungartz, F. 4398, CDS 28483–holotype. A. Whitish gray, rimose-areolate thallus with smooth surface and fimbriate margin, apothecia adnate to barely sessile, biatorine, pallid, dark-tinged to sordid-blackened, soralia pustulate, with white granular soredia. B. Pale grey, rimose-areolate thallus with smooth surface and fimbriate margin, apothecia adnate to barely sessile, biatorine, pallid, soralia pustulate, with white granular soredia. C–D. Cream-white rimose-areolate thallus with coarse surface, pustulate soralia with white granular soredia, individual thalli delimited by blackened prothallus lines (Bungartz, F. 6426, CDS 34641). C. Part of the specimen with black apothecia appearing 'lecideine', their margin covered in grayish white pruina. D. Part of the specimen with pallid biatorine apothecia. E–G. Anatomy of L. austrosorediosa (Bungartz, F. 4398, CDS 28483–holotype). E. Section of dark-tinged, biatorine apothecium, outermost exciple and epihymenium with black pigment [in KOH, crystals dissolved, Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)]. F. Section of pallid, biatorine apothecium (in water, abundantly inspersed by minute crystals, DIC). G. Lecanora-type asci, tholus with wide, apically open, unstained central cone and deeply stained ascus flanks (in Lugol's iodine, DIC). Scales: A, B, C & D = 5 mm; E & F = 100 µm; G = 15 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 1. Species in the L. marginata-group. A–B. Lecanora austro-oceanica (Weber 151, L-41000, COLO 190133). A. Thallus areolate with coarse surface, apothecia adnate with coarse grayish pruina. B. Apothecial section [in water, Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)]: outer exciple aeruginose, epihymenium dull brown. C–F. Lecanora avium. C–E. Morphological variation. C. Thallus areolate, delimited by a black prothallus, apothecia adnate, lecideine, disc with greenish yellow pruina (Bungartz, F. 10228, CDS 47647). D. Thallus, areolate, with erumpent pustulate granular soralia tinged dark bluish gray (Bungartz, F. 7280, CDS 37764). E. Thallus areoles with distinctly crenate margin, apothecia adnate, lecideine, disc with greenish yellow pruina (Bungartz, F. 6411, CDS 34626). F. Apothecial section [in water, DIC]: outer exciple aeruginose, epihymenium dull brown (Bungartz, F. 6411, CDS 34626). Scales: A, C, D & E = 5 mm; B & F = 100 µm.
FIGURE 9 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 9. Species in the L. pinguis-group. A–D. Morphological variation of Lecanora cerebrosorediata. A. Thallus flattened, continuous to barely rimose (Aptroot, A. 64123, CDS 30685). B. Mosaic of deep yellow rimose-areolate, fertile thalli of L. pseudopinguis mixed with cushions of convoluted, 'cerebriform', pale yellow, sorediate L. cerebrosorediata (Bungartz, F. 4800, CDS 28932). C. Thallus distinctly 'cerebriform' (Bungartz, F. 5212, CDS 29425). D. Thallus exuberantly coralloid 'cerebriform', with few apothecia (Bungartz, F. 6596, CDS 34816–holotype). Scales: A, B, C & D = 5 mm.
FIGURE 19. A–D in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 19. A–D. Protoparmeliopsis ertzii (Ertz, D. 11813, CDS 37172–holotype). A. placodioid, lobate thallus with reddish-brown, lecanorine apothecia. B. Lecanora-type asci (in Lugol's iodine, DIC). C. Lecanorine exciple, cortex and epihymenium with pale brown pigment and few minute crystals, medulla with packets of photobionts and conspicuous clusters of large crystals (in water, DIC). D. pale brown, cortical/epihymenial pigment and minute crystals dissolved, large crystal clusters persistent (in KOH, DIC). Scales: A = 5 mm; B =20 µm; C & D = 100 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 7. Species in the L. pallida-group. A–D. Morphological variation of Lecanora cerebriformis. A. Mosaic of moderately convoluted, white thalli with apothecia of Lecanora cerebriformis and strongly convoluted sorediate thalli of L. cerebrosorediata with few apothecia (Bungartz, F. 8759, CDS 44640). B. Strongly convoluted, 'cerebriform' thallus (Bungartz, F. 5215, CDS 29428). C. Gnarled 'cerebriform' thallus (Bungartz, F. 5215, CDS 29428). D. Exuberantly coralloid 'cerebriform' thallus (Bungartz, F. 6633, CDS 34853– holotype). Scales: A, B, C & D = 5 mm.
FIGURE 15 in Lecanoroid lichens in the Galapagos Islands: the genera Lecanora, Protoparmeliopsis, and Vainionora (Lecanoraceae, Lecanoromycetes)
FIGURE 15. Other species in the L. subfusca-group. A–C. Lecanora kalbii (Bungartz, F. 6432, CDS 34647–holotype). A. Coarsely granular to bullate areolate, white thallus with crenate lecanorine apothecia and blackened epruinose disc. B. Apothecial section (in water, DIC): exciple with large crystals only, not dissolving in K (pulicaris-type), epihymenium brownish black, lacking crystals; subhymenium distinctly developed, pale yellowish brown (cf. glabrata-type). C. Filiform conidia. D–E. Lecanora ombligulata (Bungartz, F. 7008, CDS 36515–holotype). D. ±Cerebriform, minutely peltate-umbilicate thallus with blackened apothecia. E. Apothecial section (in water, DIC): exciple filled with abundant, minute crystals (allophana-type), epihymenium bluish-black (gangaleoides-type). Scales: A & D = 5 mm; B & E = 100 µm; C =5 µm.
FIGURES and. Crystal-like deposition on the surface of medullary hyphae, probably due to lichen substances. 21. Ramalina subcalcarata, scale = 8.65 µm. 22. Ramalina pusiola, scale = 10.35 µm. in The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America
FIGURES and. Crystal-like deposition on the surface of medullary hyphae, probably due to lichen substances. 21. Ramalina subcalcarata, scale = 8.65 µm. 22. Ramalina pusiola, scale = 10.35 µm.
FIGURE 0 in The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America
FIGURE 0. View of medullary tissue in R. venezuelensis showing lax or dense cottony hyphae covered by a thin layer of secretion material. The presence of new hyphae (arrows) arising as thin and small appendices from the hyphal surface is also observed. Scale = 17.25 µm.
FIGURES –. Pseudocyphellae raised as small tubercles. 11. Ramalina andina, scale = 85.5 µm. 12. Ramalina complanata, scale= 0.25 mm. 13. Ramalina crispata, with, scale = 1 cm. in The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America
FIGURES –. Pseudocyphellae raised as small tubercles. 11. Ramalina andina, scale = 85.5 µm. 12. Ramalina complanata, scale= 0.25 mm. 13. Ramalina crispata, with, scale = 1 cm.
FIGURES –5. Shape of branches in several Ramalina species. 1. Subterete shape (R. lopezii), scale = 1.5 mm. 2. Flattened shape (R. andina), scale = 0.7 mm. 3. Terete and knotty shape (R. santanensis), scale = 1 cm. 4. Canaliculate shape in R. cochlearis (scale = 3.2 cm) and (5) in R.subfraxinea var. confirmata (scale = 1 cm). in The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America
FIGURES –5. Shape of branches in several Ramalina species. 1. Subterete shape (R. lopezii), scale = 1.5 mm. 2. Flattened shape (R. andina), scale = 0.7 mm. 3. Terete and knotty shape (R. santanensis), scale = 1 cm. 4. Canaliculate shape in R. cochlearis (scale = 3.2 cm) and (5) in R.subfraxinea var. confirmata (scale = 1 cm).
FIGURES – 0. Shape and position of pseudocyphellae in several Ramalina species. 6. orbicular pseudocyphellae and laminal soralia (R. chiguarensis), scale = 1.3 mm. 7. Orbicular pseudocyphellae (R. cochlearis), scale = 0.4 mm. 8. Ellipsoid pseudocyphellae (R. santanensis), scale = 0.3 mm. 9. Linear pseudocyphellae (R. tenuissima), scale = 0.6 mm. 10. Flattened pseudocyphellae (R. maegdefraui), scale = 61.5 µm. in The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America
FIGURES – 0. Shape and position of pseudocyphellae in several Ramalina species. 6. orbicular pseudocyphellae and laminal soralia (R. chiguarensis), scale = 1.3 mm. 7. Orbicular pseudocyphellae (R. cochlearis), scale = 0.4 mm. 8. Ellipsoid pseudocyphellae (R. santanensis), scale = 0.3 mm. 9. Linear pseudocyphellae (R. tenuissima), scale = 0.6 mm. 10. Flattened pseudocyphellae (R. maegdefraui), scale = 61.5 µm.
FIGURES 4– 5 in The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America
FIGURES 4– 5. Upper surface of R. venezuelensis showing pseudocyphellae as observed by SEM. 14. Lateral pseudocyphellae and small pore-like structures, scale = 15 mm. 15. Lateral pseudocyphellae, scale = 30.5 µm.
FIGURE. View of the upper side in R. subcalcarata showing the smooth surface with crystal-like deposition (probably usnic acid). Scale = 40 µm. in The genus Ramalina Acharius (Ascomycota, Lecanoromycetes, Ramalinaceae) in northern South America
FIGURE. View of the upper side in R. subcalcarata showing the smooth surface with crystal-like deposition (probably usnic acid). Scale = 40 µm.
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