Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 10 in New species and evolution of the foraminiferal family Janischewskinidae in the middle-upper Mississippian of South China

FIGURE 10. Illustrations of the new species Bibradya maxima sp. nov. and Bibradya subita sp. nov. A‒E. Bibradya maxima sp. nov. A. HPU-KC75-389, B. HPU-KC75-392, C. HPU-SDB155-529, D. HPU-KC87-4 (holotype), E. HPU-KC75-41. F‒I. Bibradya subita sp. nov., F. HPU-SDB182-33, G. HPU-SDB184-301 (holotype), H. HPU-KC81-7, I. HPU-SDB173-533. (Scale bar equals 1 mm).

FIGURE 4 in New species and evolution of the foraminiferal family Janischewskinidae in the middle-upper Mississippian of South China

FIGURE 4. Selected primitive Janischewskinidae with granular wall or with some agglutinated grains compared with a Mstiniidae. A. Bibradya grandis Strank, 1983, DPM-PC-TQ56-1250, Urswick Limestone Formation, Trowbarrow Quarry (N. England), late Asbian (late Viséan). Microgranular wall with rare agglutinated large grains in the third and sixth septa from the aperture. B. Bibradya moldensis (Strank in Somerville and Strank, 1984), HPU-SBD179-208, Shuidong section, Protvian (late Serpukhovian). Note the granular wall, rarely with small agglutinated grains. C. Holkeria avonensis (Conil and Longerstaey in Conil et al., 1980), DPM-PC-BS68-955, Park Limestone Formation, Barker Scar section (N. England), Holkerian (middle Viséan). Granular wall throughout the test with some large agglutinated grains in septa and outer wall. D. Cribrospira pansa Conil and Lys, 1965, DPM-PC-LF26-2162, Dalton Formation, Low Frith section (N. England), 'upper' Arundian (lower Viséan). Microgranular wall in the inner whorls with more granular aspect in the final whorls and with common small agglutinated grains. E. Cribrospira pansa, DPM-PC-WS36-1587, Dalton Formation, White Scar Quarry (N. England), 'top' Arundian (middle Viséan). Microgranular wall throughout the test, with large agglutinated grains in the wall of the final chambers. F. Bibradya inflata Strank, 1983, DPM-PC-TQ84- 1954, Urswick Limestone Formation, Trowbarrow Quarry (N. England), late Asbian (upper Viséan). Microgranular wall throughout the test with some small agglutinated grains. (Scale bar equals 0.5 mm). [DPM- corresponds to the Palaeontological Collection in the Palaeontology Department of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, PC- to the P. Cózar's collection, the following number corresponds to the number of thin-section (e.g., TQ56, WS36, …), and the final number corresponds to the number of specimens].

FIGURE 9 in New species and evolution of the foraminiferal family Janischewskinidae in the middle-upper Mississippian of South China

FIGURE 9. Illustrations of the new species Bibradya primitiva sp. nov. A. HPU-KC81-399 (holotype). B. HPU-SDB179-291. C. HPU-SDB191-217. D. HPU-KC37-341. E. HPU-SDB176-6. F. HPU-SDB180-19. (Scale bar equals 0.5 mm).

FIGURE 8 in New species and evolution of the foraminiferal family Janischewskinidae in the middle-upper Mississippian of South China

FIGURE 8. Illustrations of Bibradya tenella (Ye et al., 1987) and the new species Bibradya densicamerata sp. nov. A‒F. Bibradya densicamerata sp. nov. A. HPU-KC90-406, B. HPU-KC75-488 (holotype), C. HPU-KC75-510, D. HPU-KC75-380, E. HPU-SDB155-188, F. HPU-KC75-503. G‒I. Bibradya tenella (Ye et al., 1987). G. HPU-SDB179-27, H. HPU-SDB182-7, I. HPU-SDB184-11. (Scale bar equals 1 mm).

FIGURE 7 in New species and evolution of the foraminiferal family Janischewskinidae in the middle-upper Mississippian of South China

FIGURE 7. Illustrations of the new species Cribrospira evoluta sp. nov. A. HPU-KC58-7 (holotype), B. HPU-KC77-1, C. HPU-SDB155-2, D. HPU-SDB181-4, E. HPU-SDB191-215. (Scale bar equals 1 mm).

FIGURE 5 in New species and evolution of the foraminiferal family Janischewskinidae in the middle-upper Mississippian of South China

FIGURE 5. Typical representatives of the genus Janischewskina recorded in South China. A‒B. Janischewskina minuscularia? (Ganelina, 1956), HPU-SDB160-278, DPM-PC-SDB143-181. C. Janischewskina rovnensis (Ganelina, 1956), HPU-KC45-7. D. Janischewskina typica Mikhailov, 1939, HPU-KC107-3. E. Janischewskina isotovae Lebedeva in Grozdilova et al., 1975, HPU-KCT4-5. F. Janischewskina calceus (Ganelina, 1956), HPU-SDB160-277. G. Janischewskina delicata (Malakhova, 1956), HPU-KC75-378. H. Janischewskina gibshmanae Cózar et al. 2016, HPU-KC104-3. I. Janischewskina adtarusia Gibshman, Zaytseva and Stepanova in Gibshman et al., 2020, HPU-SDB283-1. (Scale bar equals 1 mm). [HPU- corresponds to the Henan polytechnic University collections in the School of Resources and Environment, KC or SDB to the Kacai or Shuidong sections, respectively, followed by the number of the thin-section, and the final number corresponds to the number of specimens].

FIGURE 3 in New species and evolution of the foraminiferal family Janischewskinidae in the middle-upper Mississippian of South China

FIGURE 3. Distribution of the Janischewskinidae in the Kacai section. Legend and abbreviations as in Figure 2, and additionally, Alek. — Aleksinian, Tar. — Tarusian, Pr. — Protvian, up. — upper, Jdz — Janischewskina delicata Zone, Bc — Bradyina cribrostomata Zone.

FIG. 3 in A new species, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., and its position in the morphospace of the genus Lochriea Scott, 1942 (Conodonta, Mississippian)

FIG. 3. — Morphology of the P1 element of Lochriea Scott, 1942 and the terms for the orientation of the elements (Purnell et al. 2000).

FIG. 6 in A new species, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., and its position in the morphospace of the genus Lochriea Scott, 1942 (Conodonta, Mississippian)

FIG. 6. — Morphological schemes of sinistral (A-D) and dextral (E-G) P1 elements of Lochriea monocarinata n. sp. and scheme of probable occlusion of sinistral (red) and dextral (green) elements (H). The line drawings are based on the SEM microphotographs (see Fig. 5). D, holotype, specimen 445/12. Abbreviations: d, dextral; s, sinistral.

FIG. 1 in A new species, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., and its position in the morphospace of the genus Lochriea Scott, 1942 (Conodonta, Mississippian)

FIG. 1. — Location of the studied sections (*): A, general geographical position of the studied area; B, location of the sections: 1, Kamenka section; 2, Izyayu section; 3, Kozhim section; 4, Bolshaya Nadota section.

FIG. 2 in A new species, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., and its position in the morphospace of the genus Lochriea Scott, 1942 (Conodonta, Mississippian)

FIG. 2. — Correlation of the key sections of the uppermost Viséan-Serpukhovian interval in the North Urals and Cis-Urals (Vevel et al. 2018; Zhuravlev et al. 2023). Abbreviations: m, mudstone; w, wackestones; p, packstone; g, grainstone; f, floatstone; FOD, first occurrence datum; G., Gnathodus Pander, 1856; L., Lochriea Scott, 1942. The stars mark occurrences of Lochriea monocarinata n. sp.

FIG. 5 in A new species, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., and its position in the morphospace of the genus Lochriea Scott, 1942 (Conodonta, Mississippian)

FIG. 5 in A new species, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., and its position in the morphospace of the genus Lochriea Scott, 1942 (Conodonta, Mississippian)

FIG. 5. — Some advanced Lochriea from the Serpukhovian (Lochriea ziegleri Zone) of North of Urals and Cis-Urals region: A, Lochriea ziegleri Nemirovskaya, Perret-Mirouse, Meischner, 1994, specimen 145/24, sample Iz4-51/98, Izyayu section; B, Lochriea ziegleri Nemirovskaya, Perret & Meischner, 1994, specimen 145/19, sample K99-21/22, Kamenka section; C, Lochriea senckenbergica Nemirovskaya, Perret & Meischner, 1994, specimen 145/22, sample 125-19/22, Kamenka section; D, Lochriea ziegleri Nemirovskaya, Perret & Meischner, 1994, specimen 145/20, sample K99-21/22, Kamenka section; E, Lochriea senckenbergica Nemirovskaya, Perret & Meischner, 1994-Lochriea cruciformis (Clarke, 1960) transition, specimen 145/23, sample Iz4-52/98, Izyayu section; F, Lochriea senckenbergica Nemirovskaya, Perret & Meischner, 1994 – Lochriea cruciformis (Clarke, 1960) transition, specimen 145/27, sample Iz4-53/98, Izyayu section; G, Lochriea mononodosa (Rhodes, Austin & Druce, 1969), specimen 145/15, sample N2-1-11/99, Bolshaya Nadota section; H, Lochriea sp., specimen 145/12 sample N2-1-7/99, Bolshaya Nadota section; I, Lochriea ziegleri Nemirovskaya, Perret & Meischner, 1994, specimen 145/18, sample K99-21/22, Kamenka section; J, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp.-Lochriea ziegleri Nemirovskaya, Perret & Meischner, 1994 transition, specimen 145/14, sample N2-1-10/99, Bolshaya Nadota section; K, Lochriea monocostata (Pazukhin & Nemirovskaya in Kulagina et al., 1992), specimen 145/4, sample Iz4-53/98, Izyayu section; L, Lochriea mononodosa (Rhodes, Austin & Druce, 1969), specimen 145/8, sample Iz4-52/98, Izyayu section; M, Lochriea ziegleri Nemirovskaya, Perret & Meischner, 1994, specimen 145/21, sample K99-21/22, Kamenka section; N, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., specimen 145/16, sample N2-1-11/99, Bolshaya Nadota section; O, Lochriea commutata (Branson & Mehl, 1941)-Lochriea mononodosa (Rhodes, Austin & Druce, 1969) transition, specimen 145/11, sample N2-1-5/99, Bolshaya Nadota section; P, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., specimen 145/17, sample N2-1-11/99, Bolshaya Nadota section; Q, Lochriea mononodosa (Rhodes, Austin & Druce, 1969)-Lochriea monocarinata n. sp. transition, specimen 145/3, sample Iz4-53/98, Izyayu section; R, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., specimen 145/7, sample Iz4- 52/98, Izyayu section; S, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., specimen 145/6, sample Iz4-52/98, Izyayu section; T, Lochriea mononodosa (Rhodes, Austin & Druce, 1969)-Lochriea monocarinata n. sp. transition, specimen145/9, sample Iz4-60/98, Izyayu section; U, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., specimen 145/10, sample N2-1-5/99, Bolshaya Nadota section; V, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., specimen 145/2, sample Iz4-53/98, Izyayu section; W, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., specimen 145/1, sample K99-21/22, Kamenka section; X, Lochriea mononodosa (Rhodes, Austin & Druce, 1969), specimen 145/25, sample Iz4-45/98, Izyayu section; Y, Lochriea monocostata (Pazukhin & Nemirovskaya in Kulagina et al., 1992)-Lochriea monocarinata n. sp. transition, specimen 145/13, sample N2-1- 8/99, Bolshaya Nadota section; Z, Lochriea monocarinata n. sp., holotype, specimen 445/12, sample Iz4-52/98, Izyayu section; AA, Lochriea sp., P2 element, specimen 145/26, sample Iz4-51/98, Izyayu section. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Fossil coleoid cephalopod from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Lagerstätte sheds light on early vampyropod evolution

Fig. 6 Bayesian tip-dated FBD (Fossilized Birth-Death) morphological phylogeny of neocoleoid cephalopods, showing the position of Syllipsimopodi bideni gen. et sp. nov. Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probabilities (percentage). Tips dated from the first appearance of the oldest member of the relevant lineage in the fossil record (see "Methods" and Supplementary Information). Showing geological timescale dated using Gradstein et al.2, dates in Ma and colors from International Commission on Stratigraphy; Q = Quaternary (pale yellow). Important taxa highlighted: orange = Belemnoidea, purple = Decabrachia, yellow = Prototeuthidina, green = Loligosepiina, cyan = Vampyromorphida, blue = 'teudopseid' grade, red = Octopoda. Tree does not show revised taxonomic designations: Teudopsis bollensis = Briggsiteuthis bollensis gen. et comb. nov., Teudopsis jeletzkyi = Fuchsiteuthis jeletzkyi gen. et comb. nov., Teudopsis subcostata = Suttoniteuthis subcostata gen. et comb. nov., Glyphiteuthis rhinophora = Justinianiteuthis rhinophora gen. et comb. nov., Glyphiteuthis minor = Fisheriteuthis minor gen. et comb. nov., and Trachyteuthis bacchiai = Edmunditeuthis bacchiai gen. et comb. nov. Tree drawn from MrBayes TRE output file using icytree.org. Source data are provided as a Source data file.

Fig. 2 in Fossil coleoid cephalopod from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Lagerstätte sheds light on early vampyropod evolution

Fig. 2 Idealized drawing of vampyropod gladius (based on Vampyroteuthis). Showing median field, hyperbolar zones, lateral fields, and cone flags, with examples of growth lines. Asymptotes denote borders of hyperbolar zones.

Fig. 3 in Fossil coleoid cephalopod from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Lagerstätte sheds light on early vampyropod evolution

Fig. 3 Syllipsimopodi bideni gen. et sp. nov., holotype ROMIP 64897. a Schematic drawing of Syllipsimopodi bideni gen. et sp. nov.; teal = gladius, orange = head (including arms), brown = buccal apparatus, gray = ink sac, blue = conus, magenta = fin support, patterned yellow = scale-like patches (possible connective tissue remnant). b Increased contrast false color image of Syllipsimopodi, holotype ROMIP 64897. Scale = 1 cm. c Artistic reconstruction showing suckers (created by K. Whalen).

Fig. 5 in Fossil coleoid cephalopod from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Lagerstätte sheds light on early vampyropod evolution

Fig. 5 Overview of coleoid shell evolution, showing our interpretations of the gladius/proostracum. Early coleoids, such as Gordoniconus13, add the primordial rostrum85 and proostracum14; vampyropods lose the phragmocone and primordial rostrum, the proostracum is now a gladius14; belemnoids and early decabrachians lose the body chamber86 and add the rostrum85; oegopsids lose the rostrum, some retain a demineralized primordial rostrum85 and phragmocone71, the proostracum is now a gladius14. Structures only labeled when they appear (solid black line) or are lost (dashed black line). Shell tissues: orange = phragmocone + body chamber (dashed = demineralized), blue = proostracum/gladius, green = primordial rostrum (dashed = demineralized), yellow = rostrum.

Fig. 4 in Fossil coleoid cephalopod from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Lagerstätte sheds light on early vampyropod evolution

Fig. 4 Syllipsimopodi bideni gen. et sp. nov., holotype ROMIP 64897, showing arm crown. a–d Scale = 1 cm. a Complete body fossil. b–d Showing arm crown; c arm traces in blue, purple indicates the arm is overlapping below two other arms, green indicates the arm is overlapping above itself; d red and yellow circles mark individual suckers. e–g scale = 5 mm; closeup of arms showing suckers, select suckers indicated with white arrows.

Fig. 1 in Fossil coleoid cephalopod from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Lagerstätte sheds light on early vampyropod evolution

Fig. 1 Overview of neocoleoid interrelationships and divergence time estimates, showing the position of Syllipsimopodi bideni gen. et sp. nov. Based on our Bayesian tip-dated phylogenetic reconstruction (Fig. 6). Shells color coded: blue = proostracum/gladius (hyperbolar zones and lateral reinforcements in darker blue), orange = phragmocone, green = primordial rostrum, yellow = rostrum. Geologic period abbreviations (colors from International Commission on Stratigraphy): = Cambrian (dark green), O = Ordovician (teal), S = Silurian (light blue), D = Devonian (brown), C = Carboniferous (blue), P = Permian (red orange), TR = Triassic (purple), J = Jurassic (cyan), K = Cretaceous (green), PG = Paleogene (orange), N = Neogene (yellow), unlabeled = Quaternary (pale yellow). Purple arrows indicate named nodes, purple bar indicates teudopseid grade. Artistic depictions created by K. Whalen.