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Fig. 8 in Novel information on the morphology, phylogeny and distribution of camallanid nematodes from marine and freshwater hosts in South Africa, including the description of Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp.

Fig. 8. Phylogenetic tree of Camallanidae nematodes based on 491 nucleotides long alignments of 28 rDNA gene. Nodal support presented for Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses (BI/ML).

Fig. 3. Paracamallanus cyathopgharynx, photomicrographs. A in Novel information on the morphology, phylogeny and distribution of camallanid nematodes from marine and freshwater hosts in South Africa, including the description of Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp.

Fig. 3. Paracamallanus cyathopgharynx, photomicrographs. A – anterior part of body, male, lateral view; B – buccal capsule, male, lateral view; C – anterior part of body, male, apical view; D – female, general view; E - optical section at level of buccal capsule valves mid-length, male, dorsal view; F - part of body at vulva region, lateral view; G – posterior end of body, female, lateral view; H – posterior end of body, male, lateral view. Scale bars: A–C, E–H – 100; D – 1 mm.

Fig. 1. Camallanus sodwanaensis n in Novel information on the morphology, phylogeny and distribution of camallanid nematodes from marine and freshwater hosts in South Africa, including the description of Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp.

Fig. 1. Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp., line-drawings. A – anterior part of body, female, lateral view; B – buccal capsule, female, lateral view; C – anterior part of body, female, apical view; D – posterior part of body, male, ventral view; E – dorsal trident, male, lateral view; F – posterior part of body, female, lateral view; G – spicules, lateral view. Scale bars: A – 500; B–D, F–G – 100; E – 50.

Fig. 2. Camallanus sodwanaensis n in Novel information on the morphology, phylogeny and distribution of camallanid nematodes from marine and freshwater hosts in South Africa, including the description of Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp.

Fig. 2. Camallanus sodwanaensis n. sp., photomicrographs. A – male, general view; B – anterior part of body, female, lateral view; C – buccal capsule, female, lateral view; D – optical section at level of buccal capsule valves mid-width, male, dorsal view; E – dorsal trident, male, dorsal view; F – anterior part of body, female, apical view; G - optical section at level of buccal capsule valves mid-length, male, apical view; H – right spicule, lateral view; I – posterior end of body, male, ventral view; J – part of body at vulva region, lateral view; K – posterior end of body, female, lateral view. Scale bars: A – 1 mm, B – 500, C–K – 100.

Fig. 5 in First Record of Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) triodopsis (Acariformes: Trombidiformes: Ereynetidae) from Japan, with Additional Morphological Information

Fig. 5. Setae on tarsus and palptarsus and solenidion of Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) triodopsis. A–B: Setae (v) and (l) and solenidion ω on palptarsus (female, 21441E). C: Solennidion ω and setae fl″ζ on tarsus I (female, 21441B). D: Eupathidion p′ζ on tarsus II (female, 21441D). E–F: Famulus k″ and its guard seta l″ on tibia I (female, 21441E). Scale bars: A–C, 10 µm; D–F, 5 µm.

Fig. 1 in First Record of Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) triodopsis (Acariformes: Trombidiformes: Ereynetidae) from Japan, with Additional Morphological Information

Fig. 1. Idiosoma of Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) triodopsis (female, 21441A). A: Dorsal view, B: ventral view and coxae. Scale bar: 100 µm.

Fig. 3 in First Record of Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) triodopsis (Acariformes: Trombidiformes: Ereynetidae) from Japan, with Additional Morphological Information

Fig. 3. Legs of Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) triodopsis (antiaxial face). A: Left leg I (female, 21441E). B–D: Left leg II and right legs III and IV: (female, 21441B). Scale bar: 50 µm.

Fig. 4 in First Record of Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) triodopsis (Acariformes: Trombidiformes: Ereynetidae) from Japan, with Additional Morphological Information

Fig. 4. Lyrifissures and setae on idiosoma of Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) triodopsis. A–C: Lyrifissures ia and im (female, 21441A) and ih (female, 21441C). D: Shapes of setae on idiosoma and additional setae vi (arrow) (female, 21441D). Scale bars: A–C, 5 µm; D, 10 µm.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Investigating morphological complexes using informational dissonance and bayes factors: A case study in corbiculate bees

It is widely recognized that different regions of a genome often have different evolutionary histories and that ignoring this variation when estimating phylogenies can be misleading. However, the extent to which this is also true for morphological data is still largely unknown. Discordance among morphological traits might plausibly arise due to either variable convergent selection pressures or else phenomena such as hemiplasy. Here we investigate patterns of discordance among 282 morphological characters, which we scored for 50 bee species particularly targeting corbiculate bees, a group that includes the well-known eusocial honeybees and bumblebees. As a starting point for selecting the most meaningful partitions in the data, we grouped characters as morphological modules, highly integrated trait complexes that as a result of developmental constraints or coordinated selection we expect to share an evolutionary history and trajectory. In order to assess conflict and coherence across and within these morphological modules, we used recently developed approaches for computing Bayesian phylogenetic information allied with model comparisons using Bayes factors. We found that despite considerable conflict among morphological complexes, accounting for among-character and among-partition rate variation with individual gamma distributions, rate multipliers, and linked branch lengths can lead to coherent phylogenetic inference using morphological data. We suggest that evaluating information content and dissonance among partitions is useful step in estimating phylogenies from morphological data, just as it is with molecular data. Furthermore, we argue that adopting emerging approaches for investigating dissonance in genomic datasets may provide new insights into the integration and evolution of anatomical complexes.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Mimicry in motion and morphology: do information limitation, trade-offs or compensation relax selection for mimetic accuracy?

Many animals mimic dangerous or undesirable prey as a defence from predators. We would expect predators to reliably and exclusively avoid animals that closely resemble dangerous prey, yet imperfect mimics are common. There have been many hypotheses suggested to explain imperfect mimicry, but comparative tests across multiple mimicry systems are needed to determine which are applicable, and which—if any—represent general principles of imperfect mimicry. We tested four hypotheses on Australian ant mimics and found support for only one of them: the information limitation hypothesis. A predator with incomplete information will be unable to discriminate some poor mimics from their models. We also show that since predators must make decisions while they are learning, they are likely to never sample broadly enough to gain and utilise the full information needed to discriminate poor mimics from their models. We found no evidence that one accurate mimetic trait can compensate for another, or that rapid movement reduces selection pressure for good mimicry. Based on our results, we argue that information limitation is likely to be a general principle behind imperfect mimicry of any complex traits, while interactions between components of mimicry may apply to some mimicry systems but not others.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Data and Figures for "Glacier Terminus Morphology Informs Calving Style"

Data and figures for the submitted study "Glacier Terminus Morphology Informs Calving Style" (Pending review at GRL).   Folders correspond to directories in notebooks provided on https://github.com/sgoliber/TerminusMorpho.   The folder "figures" provides the figures in the manuscript. The folder "data" provides both primary and derived data for the study. Original<a href="https://www.pgc.umn.edu/guides/stereo-derived-elevation-models/pgc-dem-products-arcticdem-rema-and-earthdem/"> PGC DEMs</a> are not provided here due to size restriction, but can be downloaded directly from PGC. Please contact the author if you need the original files.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2022View details →

Multishell Diffusion MR Tractography Yields Morphological and Microstructural Information of the Anterior Optic Pathway: A Proof-of-Concept Study in Patients with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. RAW DATA

Raw data used to prepare Figures and Tables in article "Multishell Diffusion MR Tractography Yields Morphological and Microstructural Information of the Anterior Optic Pathway: A Proof-of-Concept Study in Patients with Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy", accepted for publication at International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 27 May 2022.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data from: Assessing bayesian phylogenetic information content of morphological data using knowledge from anatomy ontologies

Morphology remains a primary source of phylogenetic information for many groups of organisms, and the only one for most fossil taxa. Organismal anatomy is not a collection of randomly assembled and independent 'parts', but instead a set of dependent and hierarchically nested entities resulting from ontogeny and phylogeny. How do we make sense of these dependent and at times redundant characters? One promising approach is using ontologies—structured controlled vocabularies that summarize knowledge about different properties of anatomical entities, including developmental and structural dependencies. Here we assess whether the proximity of ontology-annotated characters within an ontology predicts evolutionary patterns. To do so, we measure phylogenetic information across characters and evaluate if it is hierarchically structured by ontological knowledge—in much the same way as phylogeny structures across-species diversity. We implement an approach to evaluate the Bayesian phylogenetic information (BPI) content and phylogenetic dissonance among ontology-annotated anatomical data subsets. We applied this to datasets representing two disparate animal groups: bees (Hexapoda: Hymenoptera: Apoidea, 209 chars) and characiform fishes (Actinopterygii: Ostariophysi: Characiformes, 463 chars). For bees, we find that BPI is not substantially structured by anatomy since dissonance is often high among morphologically related anatomical entities. For fishes, we find substantial information for two clusters of anatomical entities instantiating concepts from the jaws and branchial arch bones, but among-subset information decreases and dissonance increases substantially moving to higher level subsets in the ontology. We further applied our approach to address particular evolutionary hypotheses with an example of morphological evolution in miniature fishes. While we show that ontology does indeed structure phylogenetic information, additional relationships and processes, such as convergence, likely play a substantial role in explaining BPI and dissonance, and merit future investigation. Our work demonstrates how complex morphological datasets can be interrogated with ontologies by allowing one to access how information is spread hierarchically across anatomical concepts, how congruent this information is, and what sorts of processes may structure it: phylogeny, development, or convergence.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2018View details →

Fig. 1. – 50 in Enlarging the monotypic Monocarpieae (Annonaceae, Malmeoideae): recognition of a second genus from Vietnam informed by morphology and molecular phylogenetics

Fig. 1. – 50% majority-rule consensus phylogram derived from Bayesian inference of combined seven plastid DNA regions. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) indicated on the right; maximum likelihood bootstrap (BS) percentages in the middle; parsimony symmetric resampling (SR) percentages on the left [** denotes BS/SR <50%]. DEN. = Dendrokingstonieae; MAL. = Malmeeae; MIL. = Miliuseae; MON. = Monocarpieae; PIP. = Piptostigmateae. Scale bar unit = substitutions per site.

Fig. 2 in First Record of Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) triodopsis (Acariformes: Trombidiformes: Ereynetidae) from Japan, with Additional Morphological Information

Fig. 2. Gnathosoma of Riccardoella (Proriccardoella) triodopsis (female, 21441B). Scale bar: 10 µm.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Supporting information for: Integrating morphological, molecular, and cytogenetic data for F2 sea turtle hybrids diagnosis revealed balanced chromosomal sets

Hybridization could be considered part of the evolutionary history of many species. The hybridization among sea turtle species on the Brazilian coast is atypical and occurs where nesting areas and reproductive seasons overlap. Integrated analysis of morphology and genetics is still scarce, and there is no evidence of the parental chromosome set distribution in sea turtle interspecific hybrids. In this study, chromosome markers previously established for pure sea turtle species were combined with morphological and molecular analyses aiming to recognize genetic composition and chromosome sets in possible interspecific hybrids initially identified by mixed morphology. The data showed that one hybrid could be an F2 individual among Caretta caretta × Eretmochelys imbricata × Chelonia mydas, and another is resulting from backcross between C. caretta × Lepidochelys olivacea. Native alleles of different parental lineages were reported in the hybrids, and, despite this, it was verified that the hybrid chromosome sets were still balanced. Thus, how sea turtle hybridism can affect genetic features in the long term is a concern, as the implications of the crossing-over in hybrid chromosomal sets and the effects on genetic function are still unpredictable.

publicMay 2021View details →

Mimicry in motion and morphology: do information limitation, trade-offs or compensation relax selection for mimetic accuracy?

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publicSep 2023View details →

Supporting information for: Integrating morphological, molecular, and cytogenetic data for F2 sea turtle hybrids diagnosis revealed balanced chromosomal sets

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publicAug 2020View details →

Investigating morphological complexes using informational dissonance and bayes factors: A case study in corbiculate bees

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