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44 results for “Moths and butterflies”
Data for: Recent range shifts of moths, butterflies, and birds are driven by the breadth of their climatic niche
<p><span>Species are altering their ranges as a response to climate change, but the magnitude and direction of observed range shifts vary considerably among species. The ability to persist in current areas and colonize new areas plays a crucial role in determining which species will thrive and which decline as climate change progresses. Several studies have sought to identify characteristics, such as morphological and life-history traits, that could explain differences in the capability of species to shift their ranges together with a changing climate. These characteristics have explained variation in range shifts only sporadically, thus offering an uncertain tool for discerning responses among species. As long-term selection to past climates have shaped species' tolerances, metrics describing species' contemporary climatic niches may provide an alternative means for understanding responses to on-going climate change. Species that occur in a broader range of climatic conditions may hold greater tolerance to climatic variability and could therefore more readily maintain their historical ranges, while species with more narrow tolerances may only persist if they are able to shift in space to track their climatic niche. Here, we provide a first-filter test of the effect of climatic niche dimensions on shifts in the leading range edges in three relatively well-dispersing species groups. Based on the realized changes in the northern range edges of 383 moth, butterfly, and bird species across a boreal 1100 km latitudinal gradient over c. 20 years, we show that while most morphological or life-history traits were not strongly connected with range shifts, moths and birds occupying a narrower thermal niche and butterflies occupying a broader moisture niche across their European distribution show stronger shifts towards the north. Our results indicate that the climatic niche may be important for predicting responses under climate change and as such warrants further investigation of potential mechanistic underpinnings. </span></p>
Figs 3–4. Noctuids from Kunashir Island, dorsal view. 3 in Autumn moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) new for the fauna of Kunashir Island
Figs 3–4. Noctuids from Kunashir Island, dorsal view. 3 – Blenina senex (Butler, 1878),
Phylogenomic data exploration with increased sampling provides new insights into the higher-level relationships of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera)
<p>Genomes, alignments and tree files of the study "Phylogenomic data exploration with increased sampling provides new insights into the higher-level relationships of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108113".</p>
Phenological responses to climate warming in temperate moths and butterflies: species traits predict future changes in voltinism
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Data from: Biomechanical drivers of the evolution of butterflies and moths with a coilable proboscis
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Data from: Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths
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Data from: Phylogenomics reveals the evolutionary timing and pattern of butterflies and moths
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Seasonal shifts of biodiversity patterns and species’ elevation ranges of butterflies and moths along a complete rainforest elevational gradient on Mount Cameroon
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Data for: Recent range shifts of moths, butterflies, and birds are driven by the breadth of their climatic niche
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Data from: Butterfly and moth communities differ in their response to habitat structure in rainforests of Mount Cameroon
Mechanisms structuring tropical communities are still under-studied, especially in Afrotropical rainforests. Although insect herbivores are considered to depend on plant diversity, we hypothesized that vegetation structure, together with other microhabitat characteristics, can be more important for some insects. Here, we compared habitat associations of fruit-feeding butterflies and moths, two ecologically different groups of Lepidoptera, in three rainforest localities in foothills of Mount Cameroon, West/Central Africa. Based on a comprehensive dataset of 16,040 specimens of 398 species systematically collected by 240 traps at 48 plots (altogether 9.68 ha), we analyzed how plant community composition, habitat openness, and forest structure affect communities of butterflies and moths. We expected different habitat descriptors to predict communities of the two insect groups. Habitats of tropical fruit-feeding moth communities have never been studied before. In both analyses of species richness and community structure, butterfly communities depended mostly on forest openness. Moth species richness depended on plant diversity and forest openness, whilst the latter substantially influenced their community composition. Additionally, we revealed differences in habitat associations between understory and canopy communities of both groups. Whilst species richness of understory communities was not influenced by any habitat characteristics, it generally followed the general patterns in canopies. By contrast, composition of understory communities followed the general patterns, whilst effects of habitat characteristics on canopy communities were minor for butterflies and none for moths. The differences between such closely related groups of herbivorous insects warn against generalization based on single-taxon studies and highlight the need of community-wide research of tropical rainforests.
Data from: Phylogenetics of moth-like butterflies (Papilionoidea: Hedylidae) based on a new 13-locus target capture probe set
The Neotropical moth-like butterflies (Hedylidae) are perhaps the most unusual butterfly family. In addition to being species-poor, this family is predominantly nocturnal and has anti-bat ultrasound hearing organs. Evolutionary relationships among the 36 described species are largely unexplored. A 13-gene anchored hybrid enrichment probe set ('BUTTERFLY2.0'), that includes standard markers used in butterfly phylogenetics, captured sequences from decades-old museum specimens, and appears to be a cost-effective technique to infer phylogenetic relationships of the butterfly tree of life. Our dataset comprises up to 10,898 aligned base pairs from each of the 22 species of Hedylidae and 19 outgroups. Eleven of the thirteen loci were captured from 100% of the taxa, and the remaining loci were captured from ≥94% of taxa. The inferred phylogeny had robust support at 80% of nodes. Our results are consistent with morphological work, with Macrosoma tipulata sister to all remaining hedylids, followed by M. semiermis sister to the remaining species in the genus. We tested the hypothesis that nocturnality evolved only once from diurnality in Hedylidae, and showed that the ancestral condition was likely diurnal, with a shift to nocturnality early in the diversification of this family.
Data from: Similarity and specialization of the larval versus adult diet of European butterflies and moths
Many herbivorous insects feed on plant tissues as larvae but use other resources as adults. Adult nectaring is an important component of the diet of many adult herbivores, but few studies compare adult and larval feeding for broad groups of insects. We compiled a dataset of larval host use and adult nectar sources for 995 butterfly and moth species (Lepidoptera) in Central Europe. Using a phylogenetic generalized least squares approach, we found that Lepidoptera that fed on more plant species as larvae were also nectar-feeding on more plant species as adults. Lepidoptera that lack functional mouthparts as adults on average used more plant species as larval hosts than Lepidoptera with adult mouthparts. We found that 54% of Lepidoptera include their larval host as a nectar source. By creating null models describing similarity between larval and adult nectar sources, we furthermore show that Lepidoptera nectar on their larval host more than would be expected if they fed at random on available nectar sources. Despite nutritional differences of plant tissue and nectar, we show that there are similarities between adult and larval feeding in Lepidoptera. This suggests that either behavioral or digestive constraints are retained throughout the lifecycle of holometabolous herbivores, affecting host breadth and identity.
FIGURE 4 in Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity
FIGURE 4. Cladogram of lepidopteran superfamilies/superfamily assemblages. Widths of clade bars pertaining to larger clades (>1.000 species) reflect estimated numbers of described species. Scale bar = 10,000 species. From Kristensen (ed.) (2003).
FIGURE 3 in Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity
FIGURE 3. Two unit trays of moths from Linnaeus's collection. While these trays indeed contain 'Microlepidoptera' (typewritten labels in upper left corners) in the sense that the moths were described in Pyralis and Tinea, several of the species are now placed in the macrolepidopteran family Noctuidae. Courtesy of The Linnean Society of London.
FIGURE 1 in Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity
FIGURE 1. Diagram of hypothesized adult ground plan of the Lepidoptera. Roman numerals refer to putative synapomorphies of Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, hence autapomorphies of superorder Amphiesmenoptera. Arabic numerals refer to putative lepidopteran groundplan autapomorphies. The characters in question are listed in the text. After Kristensen & Skalski (1998), slightly modified.
FIGURE 2 in Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity
FIGURE 2. Lectotype of Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758, type species of the genus Papiio Linnaeus, 1758. "… if this is not a butterfly in a nomenclatural sense, then nothing is" (Vane-Wright 2007: 59). Courtesy of The Linnean Society of London.
Data from: Refining estimates of dry body weight from linear measurements in adult moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera)
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Data from: Similarity and specialization of the larval versus adult diet of European butterflies and moths
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Data from: Phylogenetics of moth-like butterflies (Papilionoidea: Hedylidae) based on a new 13-locus target capture probe set
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Data from: Butterfly and moth communities differ in their response to habitat structure in rainforests of Mount Cameroon
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