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FIGURE 4. Mucuna argyrophylla. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

FIGURE 4. Mucuna argyrophylla. A—Leaf and inflorescence. B & C—Details of stipels. D—Inflorescence. E—Gynoecium. F—Androecium: staminal sheath and one free stamen. G—Standard. H—Wing. J—Keel petals. K—Calyx opened out, outer surface. L—Fruit. (B, C and L drawn from: E. Martinez 9672 MO; A, D–K: M.T. Germán et al. 1056 MO). Drawn by Ana Lucia Souza.

FIGURE 1 in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

FIGURE 1. Geographical distribution of six neotropical species of Mucuna: M. chiapaneca and M. jarocha (endemic to Mexico), M. analuciana and M. japira (endemic to Brazil), M. mollis (endemic to Colombia), and M. rostrata (widely distributed in Central and South America, and the Caribbean Islands).

FIGURE 17. Mucuna mitis. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

FIGURE 17. Mucuna mitis. A—Leaves and inflorescence in bud. B—Detail of hairs on the abaxial surface of leaflets. C—Androecium (9 stamens united into a staminal sheath, here opened out, and a single free vexillary stamen). D—Gynoecium. E—Standard. F—Keel petals. G—Wing. H–Calyx opened out, outer surface. J—Young fruits. A—B drawn from: R.B. Foster 9383 (MO); C–H: H. Lugo 2122 (MO); J: C.E. Cerón 1973 (MO). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.

FIGURE 22. Mucuna rostrata. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

FIGURE 22. Mucuna rostrata. A—Leaf and inflorescence. B—Side view of flower, standard petal removed and wings opened out. C—Androecium (9 stamens united into a staminal sheath, here opened out). D—Free vexillary stamen. E—Gynoecium. F—Standard. G–H—Wing and keel petals connate. J—Calyx opened out, outer surface. K—Fruit. A–J drawn from: N. Ritter & G.E. Crow 1137 (MO); K: S. Knapp 7982 (MO). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.

FIGURE 12. Mucuna globulifera A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

FIGURE 12. Mucuna globulifera A—Leaf and inflorescence, emphasizing peduncle length. B—Leaf. C—Indumentum on leaflet abaxial surface. D—Young inflorescence. E—Mature inflorescence. F—Calyx opened out. G—Indumentum on the calyx outer surface. H—Standard petal inner surface. J—Wing petal. K—Keel petal. L—Androecium (9 + 1) and gynoecium apex. M—Gynoecium. N—Immature fruit. Voucher: leaf and flower dissection Duke & Elias 13877 (K); inflorescence in bud and in open flowers, pod and close up of leaflet under-surface all from McDonagh et al. 514 (BM). Figure first published in Moura et al. (2013c). Drawn by Margaret Tebbs.

FIGURE 16. Mucuna klitgaardiae. A—Leaf. B in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

FIGURE 16. Mucuna klitgaardiae. A—Leaf. B—Detail of indumentum on abaxial surface of leaflet. C—Inflorescence, including bract. D—Calyx opened out. E—Standard petal. F—Wing petal. G—Keel petals. H—Ovary, cut open to show the ovules. J—Apex of style and stigma. K—Fruit. Figure first published in Moura et al. (2013b). Drawn by Margaret Tebbs.

FIGURE 26. Mucuna urens. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

FIGURE 26. Mucuna urens. A—Leaves and inflorescence in bud. B—Standard. C—Wing petals. D—Keel petals. E—Calyx opened out, outer surface. F—Androecium: 9—Stamens united into a staminal sheath. G—Single free vexillary stamen. H—Gynoecium. J—Fruits. A drawn from: N.T. Silva & C. Rosário 5026 (RB); B–H: C.M.B. Correia et al. 377 (RB); J: V.F. Ferreira & J.P.P.Caranta 1040 (RB). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.

FIGURE 25. Mucuna tapantiana. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

FIGURE 25. Mucuna tapantiana. A—Stem and leaves. B–Fruits. L.J. Poveda & Agustín 3956 (F). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.

FIGURE 15. Mucuna killipiana. A in A revision of the neotropical Mucuna species (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae)

FIGURE 15. Mucuna killipiana. A—Lianescent stem with leaves and fruit. B—Detail of lateral leaflet stipels. C—Details of terminal leaflet stipels. D—Detail of hairs on abaxial surface of leaflets. E—Androecium (9 stamens united into a staminal sheath, here opened out, and the single vexillary stamen free). F—Gynoecium. G—Standard. H—Wing petals. J—Keel petals. K—Calyx opened out, outer surface. All drawn from F.J. Roldán et al. 2238 (MO). Drawn by Ana Lúcia Souza.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2020View details →

FIGURE 2. Mucuna guangxiensis K.W. Jiang & Y in Mucuna guangxiensis, a new species of Mucuna subg. Macrocarpa (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) from China

FIGURE 2. Mucuna guangxiensis K.W. Jiang & Y.Feng Huang, sp. nov. (A) Vegetative branches; (B) Indumentum on the adaxial surface of leaflets; (C) Indumentum on the abaxial surface of leaflets; (D) The cross-section of an old stem, showed the red liquid; (E) A flower; (F) The calyx; (G) Standard; (H) Wings; (I) Keels; (J) An inflorescence; (K) Stamens; (L) Gynoecium; (M) Seeds; (N) Legumes; (O) Habit. B & C were photographed by Kai-Wen Jiang, M was photographed by Meng-Jiao Fu, the rest were photographed by Yun-Feng Huang.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2020View details →

FIGURE 1. Mucuna guangxiensis K.W. Jiang & Y in Mucuna guangxiensis, a new species of Mucuna subg. Macrocarpa (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) from China

FIGURE 1. Mucuna guangxiensis K.W. Jiang & Y.Feng Huang, sp. nov. (A) Leaf; (B) Indumentum on the adaxial surface of leaflets; (C) Indumentum on the abaxial surface of leaflets; (D) A segment of dry stem; (E) An inflorescence; (F) The inner surface of the calyx; (G) The outer surface of the calyx; (H) Standard; (I) Wings; (J) Keels; (K) Stamens; (L) Gynoecium; (M) Stigma; (N) Legume; (O) Seed. A‒K from holotype, L‒M from paratypes. L was drawn by Kai-Wen Jiang, the rest were drawn by Yi-Fan Li.

opennotspecifiedJul 2012View details →

FIGURE 3 in A New Species of Mucuna (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae) from Costa Rica and Panama

FIGURE 3. Mucuna monticola: A: inflorescence (Solano 2199, INB); B–C: flower (Solano 5265, INB), D–E: fruit (Solano 3198, INB); F: leaf (Solano 2199, INB).

opennotspecifiedJul 2012View details →

FIGURE 1. Mucuna monticola. A in A New Species of Mucuna (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae) from Costa Rica and Panama

FIGURE 1. Mucuna monticola. A: branchlet with leaf and inflorescence; B: flower; C: standard; D: wings; E: keel; F: androecium; G: gynoecium; H: opened calyx; I: calyx, lateral view; J: fruit. From Dwyer & Lallathin 8738 (GH), drawn by Ana Lucia Souza.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

FIGURE 1. Mucuna jarocha. A in Mucuna jarocha (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae-Phaseoleae), a new species from Mexico

FIGURE 1. Mucuna jarocha. A: Branch with a leaf and an inflorescence; B: detail of abaxial leaflet surface; C: outer face of the opened calyx; D: standard petal; E: wing petals; F: keel petals; G: androecium (9+1 filaments); H: gynoecium; J: immature fruit. Drawn by Tânia Maria de Moura. Voucher: M. Chazaro & J. Caramillo 3386-b (XAL).

Fig. 5 in L-DOPA synthesis in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is regulated by polyphenol oxidase and not CYP 450/tyrosine hydroxylase: An analysis of metabolic pathway using biochemical and molecular markers

Fig. 5. The amplicons generated using degenerate primer approach. (a) Lane M-DNA ladder, Lane 1–250 bp amplicon generated using MTH –F and MTH-R primer pairs of TH gene (b) Lane M-DNA ladder, Lane 1 and 2–800 bp amplicon using primers deduced from the peptide sequence derived through LCMS/MS.

Fig. 4 in L-DOPA synthesis in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is regulated by polyphenol oxidase and not CYP 450/tyrosine hydroxylase: An analysis of metabolic pathway using biochemical and molecular markers

Fig. 4. Effect of enzyme inhibitors on L-DOPA production in callus cultures of M. pruriens was estimated using HPTLC. The culture without inhibitor was treated as negative control and cultures with different concentration of the inhibitor were the test samples. (Control-untreated, C = Cimetidine at 1.98 μM and 19.8 μM; Q = Quinidine at 1.46 μM and 14.6 μM; A = L-ascorbic acid at 567 μM and 851 μM; K = Kojic acid at 703 μM and 1055 μM).

Fig. 3 in L-DOPA synthesis in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is regulated by polyphenol oxidase and not CYP 450/tyrosine hydroxylase: An analysis of metabolic pathway using biochemical and molecular markers

Fig. 3. Effect of substrate concentration on partially purified enzymes. The assay was performed for PPO activity with 50 mM catechol as substrate at pH 6.0 while keeping the temperature for reaction at 30 ◦ C. For TH activity, 30 mM L-tyrosine was the substrate and assay done at pH 7.0 and 25 ◦ C.

Fig. 2 in L-DOPA synthesis in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is regulated by polyphenol oxidase and not CYP 450/tyrosine hydroxylase: An analysis of metabolic pathway using biochemical and molecular markers

Fig. 2. Effect of pH on the activity of partially purified enzymes from Mucuna pruriens. The assay was performed using 50 mM catechol and 30 mM L-tyrosine as substrates for the PPO and TH enzyme activity, respectively. Four different buffers with their optimal buffering capacity in the pH range of 3–10 were used in separate assays.

Fig. 7 in L-DOPA synthesis in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is regulated by polyphenol oxidase and not CYP 450/tyrosine hydroxylase: An analysis of metabolic pathway using biochemical and molecular markers

Fig. 7. Homology modelling and secondary structure prediction of PPO enzyme from Mucuna pruriens (a) Predicted secondary structure of PPO (b) Phyre2 protein model for PPO with 3D model dimensions (in Å) (X:49.941 Y:64.463 Z:57.979). Image colored by rainbow N → C terminus (c) Three dimensional SWISS protein model for PPO enzyme with two active copper binding ligands (copper ions bridging oxygen moiety is illustrated as small yellow spheres highlighted in the box), conserved histidine residues and metal complex interactions (in dotted lines). Chain A for Ligand 1: H.183, H.204, H.213, F.367, H.371; metal interactions: A:H.183, A:H.204, A:H.213. Chain A for Ligand 2: H.337, H.341, F.367, H.370, H.371; metal interactions: A:H.337, A:H.341, A:H.371). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 6. The 1800 in L-DOPA synthesis in Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. is regulated by polyphenol oxidase and not CYP 450/tyrosine hydroxylase: An analysis of metabolic pathway using biochemical and molecular markers

Fig. 6. The 1800 bp amplicon of full-length PPO cDNA obtained after deducing the 5′and 3′ ends through RACE analysis. Lane 1- 1 Kb DNA marker, Lane 2 and 3 the amplicon in duplicate after amplification using gene specific primers.