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Fig. 8 in The oldest known Miocene snake fauna from Central Europe: Merkur-North locality, Czech Republic

Fig. 8. Natrix merkuriensis sp. nov. from the Early Miocene (MN 3a) of Merkur−North. A. Left ectopterygoid (SGDB Ah−313, paratype). B. Right quadrate (SGDB Ah−312). C. Right maxillary (SGDB Ah−314). D1, D2. Right compound bone (SGDB Ah−315, holotype). In dorsal (A), postero−lateral (B), ventral (C), labial (D1), and lingual (D2) views. Scale bar 2 mm.

Fig. 7 in The oldest known Miocene snake fauna from Central Europe: Merkur-North locality, Czech Republic

Fig. 7. Natrix sansaniensis (Lartet, 1851) from the Early Miocene (MN 3a) of Merkur−North. A1–A3. Left compound bone (SGDB Ah−291). B. Right compound bone (SGDB Ah−620). C1–C5. Precaudal vertebra (SGDB Ah−296). In labial (A1, B), lingual (A2), dorsal (A3, C4), lateral (C1), cranial (C2), ventral (C3), and caudal (C5) views. Scale bar 2 mm.

Fig. 9 in The oldest known Miocene snake fauna from Central Europe: Merkur-North locality, Czech Republic

Fig. 9. Natrix merkurensis sp. nov. from the Early Miocene (MN 3a) of Merkur−North. A1–A5. Anterior precaudal vertebra (SGDB 7408/MI−62, paratype). B1–B5. Mid−trunk vertebra (SGDB 7408/MI−75). C1–C4. Caudal vertebra (SGDB SGDB−Ah−505). In lateral(A1, B1, C1),dorsal(A2, B2, C2),ventral(A3, B3, C3), cranial (A4, B4, C4), and caudal (A5, B5) views. Scale bar 2 mm.

Fig. 6 in The oldest known Miocene snake fauna from Central Europe: Merkur-North locality, Czech Republic

Fig. 6. cf. Elaphe sp. from the Early Miocene (MN 3a) of Merkur−North. A1, A2. Left dentary (SGDB Ah−l 68). B1–B5. Mid−trunk vertebra (SGDB Ah−215). In lingual (A1), labial (A2), lateral (B1), dorsal (B2), ventral (B3), cranial (B4), and caudal (B5) views. Scale bar 2 mm.

Fig. 2 in The oldest known Miocene snake fauna from Central Europe: Merkur-North locality, Czech Republic

Fig. 2. Bavarioboa sp. from the Early Miocene (MN 3a) of Merkur−North; A1–A4. Cervical vertebra (SGDB Ah−2). B1–B5. Mid−trunk vertebra (SGDB 7408/MI−1). In lateral (A1, B1), dorsal (A2, B2), ventral (A3, B3), cranial (A4, B4), and caudal (B5) views. Scale bar 2 mm.

Fig. 1 in The oldest known Miocene snake fauna from Central Europe: Merkur-North locality, Czech Republic

Fig. 1. The distribution of some Early and Middle Miocene ophidian localities in the areas of Germany, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland and Austria. 1, Weisenau (MN 1); 2, Hessler (MN 1); 3, Ulm−Westtangente (MN 2); 4, Stubersheim 3 (MN 3); 5, Merkur−North (MN 3a); 6, Dolnice (MN 4); 7, Petersbuch 2 (MN 4); 8, Langenau (MN 4); 9, Oberdorf (MN 4); 10, Randecker Maar (MN 5); 11, Eichstätt (MN 4–6); 12, Ivančice (MN?4–6); 13, Oggenhausen (MN 5/6); 14, Przeworno (MN 5–6); 15, Devínska Nová Ves (MN 6); 16, Vösendorf; 17, Sandelzhausen (MN 6); 18, Rothenstein 13 (MN 6); 19, Opole (MN 7); 20, Öhningen (MN 7+8); 21, Steinheim am Albuch (MN 7+8).

Fig. 5 in The oldest known Miocene snake fauna from Central Europe: Merkur-North locality, Czech Republic

Fig. 5. Coluber caspioides Szyndlar and Schleich, 1993 from the Early Miocene (MN 3a) of Merkur−North. A1, A2. Left frontal (SGDB Ah−44). B. Right palatine (SGDB Ah−46). C1, C2. Right pterygoid (SGDB Ah−45). D. Right quadrate (SGDB Ah−l 1). E. Left dentary (SGDB Ah−48). F1, F2. Right compound bone (SGDB Ah−49). G1–G5. Cervical vertebra (SGDB Ah−51). H1, H2. Mid−trunk vertebra (SGDB Ah−615). I1–I5. Posterior trunk vertebra (SGDB 7408/MI−37). In dorsal (A1, C1, G2, H2, I2), ventral (A2, B, C2, G3, I3), postero−lateral (D), labial (E, F1), lingual (F2), lateral (G1, H1, I1), cranial (G4, I4), and caudal (G5, I5) views. Scale bar 2 mm.

Fig. 4 in The oldest known Miocene snake fauna from Central Europe: Merkur-North locality, Czech Republic

Fig. 4. Coluber suevicus (Fraas, 1870) from the Early Miocene (MN 3a) of Merkur−North. A. Right quadrate (SGDB−Ah−33). B1–B3. Cervical vertebra (SGDB−Ah−36). C1–C5. Trunk vertebra (SGDB 7408/MI−26). In postero−lateral (A), lateral (B1, C1), dorsal (B2, C2), ventral (B3, C3), cranial (C4), and caudal (C5) views. Scale bar 2 mm.

Fig. 3. Coluber dolnicensis Szyndlar, 1987 in The oldest known Miocene snake fauna from Central Europe: Merkur-North locality, Czech Republic

Fig. 3. Coluber dolnicensis Szyndlar, 1987 from the Early Miocene (MN 3a) of Merkur−North. A1, A2. Left dentary (SGDB Ah−12). B1, B2. Right compound bone (SGDB Ah−l 4). C. Left compound bone (SGDB 7408/MI−9). D1–D4. Cervical vertebra (SGDB 7408/MI−5). E1–E5. Trunk vertebra (SGDB 7408/MI−7). F1–F3. Caudal vertebra. In labial (A1, B1), lingual (A2, B2, C), lateral (D1, E1), dorsal (D2, E2, F1), ventral (D3, E3, F2), cranial (D4, E4, F3), and caudal (E5) views. Scale bar 2 mm.

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Linked collectors and determiners for: Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/2a01bfb5-6e33-42b5-ab5d-4f8512c9128f">https://bionomia.net/dataset/2a01bfb5-6e33-42b5-ab5d-4f8512c9128f</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/2a01bfb5-6e33-42b5-ab5d-4f8512c9128f">https://gbif.org/dataset/2a01bfb5-6e33-42b5-ab5d-4f8512c9128f</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Fig. 6 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe

Fig. 6. Two collection sites of Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942 in Europe. A – ornamental plants in privately managed urban green in Switzerland (Agno, Ticino) where G. mali was accidentally collected in 2015; B – plants of Cornus sanguinea in a windbreak row (on the right) surrounding a vineyard plot (on the left) in Italy (Gorgo al Monticano, Treviso) where larvae and adults of G. mali were sampled in 2017.

Fig. 5 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe

Fig. 5. Maximum likelihood tree of Gyponana spp. based on mtCOI gene. Bootstrap values are shown if>50. A total of 692 positions were included in the final dataset. The branch marked with "//" was shortened, with the real length of 0.016. Gr. – group. The sequence from the present study (GenBank accession number MH394187.1) is in Gr. 4.

Fig. 4. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe

Fig. 4. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942:A – aedeagus, caudal view (reprinted from Hൺආංඅඍඈඇ 1982); B – aedeagus, ventral view (left) and style, lateral view (right; reprinted from DൾLඈඇǤ & F*©ൾඒඍൺǤ 1964).Gyponana extenda DeLong, 1942: C – aedeagus, caudal view and style, lateral view, with structural variation from "s" to "v" form (reprinted from Hൺආංඅඍඈඇ 1982); D – aedeagus, ventral view (left) and style, lateral view (right; reprinted from DൾLඈඇǤ & F*©ൾඒඍൺǤ 1964).

Fig. 3. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe

Fig. 3. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942, female (voucher I03/19). A – dorsal view; B – lateral view; C – sternite VII, ventral view; D – first valvula, lateral view; E – first valvula, apical portion; F – second valvula, lateral view; G – second valvula, apical portion. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

Fig. 2. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe

Fig. 2. Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942, male (voucher I02/19). A – dorsal view; B – lateral view; C – pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and aedeagus, lateral view; D – pygofer, valve, subgenital plate, and aedeagus, dorsal view; E – styles, connective, and aedeagus, lateral view; F – styles, connective, and aedeagus, dorsal view; G – aedeagus, ventral view. Scale bar 1.0 mm.

Fig. 1 in First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mali (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe

Fig. 1. Currently known distribution of Gyponana mali DeLong, 1942 in Europe. Colored dots represent the habitat type: green – urban green; blue – natural woody area; red – agroecosystem.

FIG. 7 in Snakes from Griesbeckerzell (Langhian, Early Badenian), North Alpine Foreland Basin (Germany), with comments on the evolution of snake faunas in Central Europe during the Miocene Climatic Optimum

FIG. 7. — "Coluber" cf. caspioides from the Middle Miocene (MN 6, base) of Griesbeckerzell 1a in lateral (l), dorsal (d), ventral (v), cranial (cr) and caudal (ca) views: A, cervical vertebra (BSPG 1997 XIII 520); B, middle trunk vertebra (BSPG 1997 XIII 533). Abbreviations: dia, diapophysis; pa, parapophysis; pctf, paracotylar foramen; pp, parapophyseal process; for other abbreviations, and see Figures 4 & 6. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 12 in Snakes from Griesbeckerzell (Langhian, Early Badenian), North Alpine Foreland Basin (Germany), with comments on the evolution of snake faunas in Central Europe during the Miocene Climatic Optimum

FIG. 12. — Micrurus cf. gallicus from the Middle Miocene (MN 6, base) of Griesbeckerzell 1a; trunk vertebra (BSPG 1997 XIII 642), in lateral (l), dorsal (d), ventral (v), and caudal (ca) views. Abbreviations: see Figures 4 & 6.

FIG. 11 in Snakes from Griesbeckerzell (Langhian, Early Badenian), North Alpine Foreland Basin (Germany), with comments on the evolution of snake faunas in Central Europe during the Miocene Climatic Optimum

FIG. 11. — Natrix sp. (small form) from the Middle Miocene (MN 6, base) of Griesbeckerzell 1a, in lateral (l), dorsal (d), ventral (v), and cranial (cr) views: A, anterior trunk vertebra (BSPG 1997 XIII 570); B, posterior trunk vertebra (BSPG 1997 XIII 578); C, trunk vertebra (BSPG 1997 XIII 592). Abbreviations: other abbreviations: see Figures 4, 6 & 7. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 2 in Snakes from Griesbeckerzell (Langhian, Early Badenian), North Alpine Foreland Basin (Germany), with comments on the evolution of snake faunas in Central Europe during the Miocene Climatic Optimum

FIG. 2. — Digital elevation model of southern Germany (from Kuhlemann et al. 2006), indicating the geographic position of Griesbeckerzell.