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168 results for “Notoungulata”
FIGURE 4 in An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 4. Scapulae and humeri of T. externa (MPEF-PV 8166). 1 right and 2 left scapulae in proximal view; 3 left scapula in dorsolateral view; right and left humeri in 4 right and left humeri in anterior (top) and distal (bottom) views; 5 right and left humeri in posterior view.
FIGURE 1 in An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 1. Geographical and stratigraphical occurrence of MPEF-PV 8166. 1 location of Cañadón Vaca, Chubut, Argentina; 2 Paleogene time table and South American Land Mammal Ages (SALMAs) after (Woodburne et al. 2014a,b); 3 skeletal restoration of Thomashuxleya modified from Simpson (1936); 4 artistic reconstruction of Thomashuxleya externa (by Stjepan Lukac).
FIGURE 2 in An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 2. Skull of T. externa (MPEF-PV 8166). 1 ventral view; 2 lateral view; 3 occiput in caudal view; 4 detail of upper dentition in occlusal view. Abbreviations are prot=protocone (part of the protoloph), par=paracone (part of the ectoloph), parst=parastyle, met=metacone (part of the ectoloph), metst=metastyle, meph=metaloph, pr.l.f.=primary lingual fold, m.cin=mesial cingulum, l.cin=lingual cingulum.
FIGURE 3 in An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 3. Mandible of T. externa (MPEF-PV 8166) in 1 dorsal and 2 lateral views; 3 lower dentition in occlusal view. Abbreviations are tri=trigonid, tal=talonid, prod=protoconid, metd=metaconid, entd=entoconid, hypd=hypoconulid.
FIGURE 9 in An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 9. Strict consensus of 510 trees, 122374 steps in length from unconstrained parsimony analysis of combined proteomic and morphological data.
FIGURE 12 in An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 12. Optimal Bayesian tree (i.e., 50% majority rule of post-burn-in trees) of combined proteomic and morphological analysis constraining monophyly of each of two clades (but not both together): Notoungulata (i.e., Thomashuxleya and Toxodon) and Litopterna (i.e., Protolipterna and Macrauchenia). Numbers represent Bayesian posterior probabilities; daggers indicate fossil taxa.
FIGURE 7 in An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 7. Bone histology and microstructure of T. externa (MPEF-PV 8166). 1 Cross section of the midshaft of the right femur; 2 same as 1 after conversion to a binary image (black represents bone and white the cavities); 3 bone histology under linear polarized light, with black arrows pointing the lines of arrested growth (LAGs). OCL= Outer circumferential layer. 4 Bone histology under cross polarized light.
FIGURE 11 in An exceptionally well-preserved skeleton of Thomashuxleya externa (Mammalia, Notoungulata), from the Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina
FIGURE 11. Optimal Bayesian tree (i.e., 50% majority rule of post-burn-in trees) of combined proteomic and morphological data. Numbers represent Bayesian posterior probabilities; daggers indicate fossil taxa.
FIGURE 13 in New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses
FIGURE 13. Cladogram of the "Toxodont" analysis. Strict consensus (left) and majority 50% consensus of the "Toxodont" phylogenetic analysis. Nodes: A, Colpodon; B, "Tropical clade"; C, Leontiniidae; D, "advanced Toxodontia"; E, Toxodontidae; F, "notohippid" + Toxodontidae. Numbers at nodes represent percent support when support is less than 100%.
FIGURE 7 in New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses
FIGURE 7. Proximal (right) tarsals of leontiniids. A, calcaneum of cf. Elmerriggsia fieldia (PM 413); B, astragalus of cf. Elmerriggsia fieldia (PM 415); C, calcaneum of Scarrittia canquelensis (AMNH 29626), in dorsal and distal views; and D, astragalus of Scarrittia canquelensis (AMNH 29626), in dorsal and distal views. Abbreviations: cu, cuboid; ect, ectal; f, facet; fib, fibula; nav, navicular; sus, sustentacular.
FIGURE 4. 40 in New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses
FIGURE 4. 40Ar/39Ar age spectra and inverse isochron plots for samples CH-31 (above) and CH-32 (opposite page). Age spectra illustrate apparent age versus cumulative fraction of 39Ar released. Shaded boxes indicate steps used to calculate weighted mean plateau ages. Plotting these steps suggests that most of them fall on simple isochrons with a 40Ar/36Ar ratio of the trapped component somewhat higher than atmospheric gas, giving a more reliable estimate of the ages at ~19.5 Ma, or ~19.8 Ma when corrected for a revised age of the Fish Canyon Tuff standard.
FIGURE 9 in New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses
FIGURE 9. Selected dental characters of A, Anayatherium fortis, cast of holotype, alveoli of I3–P1 are exposed to show that A. fortis had a complete dental formula; B, m2 of Thomashuxleya externa (AMNH 28697) in occlusal (upper) and oblique (lower) views; and C, left m2 of Scarrittia canquelensis (AMNH 29592) in occlusal (upper) and lateral (lower) views. B and C illustrate the hypothetical evolution of the "paraconid" from the mesiolingual cingulid.
FIGURE 8 in New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses
FIGURE 8. Knee region of leontiniids. A, left distal femur and proximal tibia-fibula (P 13632) in dorsal and lateral views of c.f. Elmerriggsia fieldia; and B, right (reversed to show as left) distal, femur of Anayatherium, cf. A. fortis in dorsal, lateral and distal views. Scale bar applies to all.
FIGURE 14 in New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses
FIGURE 14. Cladogram of the "Typothere included" analysis. Strict consensus (left) and majority 50% consensus of the "Typothere included" phylogenetic analysis. Nodes: A, Colpodon; B, "Tropical clade"; C, Leontiniidae; D, "advanced Toxodontia"; E, Toxodontidae; F, "notohippid"+Toxodontidae (Eurygenium excluded); G, "advanced Toxodontia" plus interatheriine interatheriids. Numbers at nodes represent percent support when support is less than 100%.
FIGURE 12 in New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses
FIGURE 12. Hypothetical pedal transition series in Notoungulata showing left pes in dorsal view (upper row), left calcaneum in dorsal view (middle row), and left calcaneum in medial view (lower row). Illustrations are not to scale. Abbreviations are as follows: ast, astragalus; calc, calcaneum; cu, cuboid; ect, ectocuneiform; f, facet; fib, fibula; Mt, metatarsal; nav, navicular; sus, sustentacular; troch, trochlea.
FIGURE 3 in New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses
FIGURE 3. Left dentitions of Colpodon spp.: Colpodon antucoensis, new species (SGOPV 5704) in lateral (A) and occlusal (B) views; C, Colpodon propinquus (FMNH P 13310) in occlusal view. The numbers below the descriptors indicate character number (#) and state (see Character Analysis). Scale bar applies to all.
FIGURE 11 in New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses
FIGURE 11. Hypothetical manual transition series in Notoungulata. All hands shown as left. Not drawn to scale. Abbreviations: Cun, cuneiform; Lu, lunate; Mg, magnum; Sc, scaphoid; Td, trapezoid; Tm, trapezium. Roman numerals indicate digit number.
FIGURE 5 in New leontiniid Notoungulata (Mammalia) from Chile and Argentina: comparative anatomy, character analysis, and phylogenetic hypotheses
FIGURE 5. Upper cheek teeth of Elmerriggsia fieldia, new taxon. A, P 13386, holotype, P2–M2; B, PM 61102, right M1; C, PM 61101, right P1–P3; and D, P 15060, unworn, right P3. Scale bar applies to all.
FIG. 13. — Piauhytherium capivarae n. gen., n in Un nouveau Toxodontidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) du Pléistocène supérieur du Nordeste du Brésil
FIG. 13. — Piauhytherium capivarae n. gen., n. sp., Lagoa dos Porcos, Mc IV gauche n° 188050: A, vue de face; B, vue médiale. Échelle: 3 cm.
FIG. 16 in Un nouveau Toxodontidae (Mammalia, Notoungulata) du Pléistocène supérieur du Nordeste du Brésil
FIG. 16. — Diagramme des rapports des dimensions moyennes des fémurs de Piauhytherium capivarae n. gen., n. sp. comparés aux valeurs moyennes de Toxodon platensis Owen, 1837. Les variables numérotées en abscisse sont, dans l'ordre, celles indiquées Tableau 10. Le référentiel est Diceros bicornis (Linnaeus, 1758).
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