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48 results for “Oceanic Dispersal”
Data from: Habitat filtering not dispersal limitation shapes oceanic island floras: species assembly of the Galápagos archipelago
Remote locations, such as oceanic islands, typically harbour relatively few species, some of which go on to generate endemic radiations. Species colonising these locations tend to be a non-random subset from source communities, which is thought to reflect dispersal limitation. However, non-random colonisation could also result from habitat filtering, whereby only a few continental species can become established. We evaluate the imprints of these processes on the Galápagos flora by analysing a comprehensive regional phylogeny for ~ 39 000 species alongside information on dispersal strategies and climatic suitability. We found that habitat filtering was more important than dispersal limitation in determining species composition. This finding may help explain why adaptive radiation is common on oceanic archipelagoes – because colonising species can be relatively poor dispersers with specific niche requirements. We suggest that the standard assumption that plant communities in remote locations are primarily shaped by dispersal limitation deserves reconsideration.
Data from: Biogeographic analysis reveals ancient continental vicariance and recent oceanic dispersal in amphibians
Amphibians comprise over 7000 extant species distributed in almost every ecosystem on every continent except Antarctica. Most species also show high specificity for particular habitats, biomes, or climatic niches, seemingly rendering long-distance dispersal unlikely. Indeed, many lineages still seem to show the signature of their Pangaean origin, ~300Ma later. To date, no study has attempted a large-scale historical-biogeographic analysis of the group to understand the distribution of extant lineages. Here, I use an updated chronogram containing 3309 species (~45% of extant diversity) to reconstruct their movement between 12 global ecoregions. I find that a Pangaean origin and subsequent Laurasian and Gondwanan fragmentation explains a large proportion of patterns in the distribution of extant species. However, dispersal during the Cenozoic, likely across land bridges or short distances across oceans, has also exerted a strong influence. Finally, there are at least three strongly supported instances of long-distance oceanic dispersal between former Gondwanan landmasses during the Cenozoic. Intermediate extinction from intervening areas seems to be a strong factor in shaping present-day distributions. Both dispersal and intermediate extinction are apparently tied to the evolution of extraordinarily adaptive expansion-oriented phenotypes (allowing lineages to easily colonize new areas and speciate), or conversely, to extremely specialized phenotypes or heavily relictual climatic niches that result in strong geographic localization and limited diversification.
FIGURES 18–23 in Gone with the wind: westward dispersal across the Indian Ocean and island speciation in Hemicordulia dragonflies (Odonata: Corduliidae)
FIGURES 18–23. Distribution of discussed genera. The courses of storms from May to November in the northern hemisphere and November to May in the southern hemisphere are indicated by arrows (after Times Books 1997). (18) Hemicordulia and Procordulia dragonflies, pale shading: main range in Australasia and Pacific; dark shading: H. africana n. sp.; crosses and pale shading: H. similis; square: H. virens; circle: H. atrovirens n. sp.; (19) Teinobasis damselflies, pale shading: main range in Australasia and Pacific; dark shading: T. alluaudi; (20) Collocalia swiftlets; (21) Copsychus magpie robins; (22) Hypsipetes bulbuls; (23) Pteropus flying foxes.
FIGURES 2–11. 2–6 in Gone with the wind: westward dispersal across the Indian Ocean and island speciation in Hemicordulia dragonflies (Odonata: Corduliidae)
FIGURES 2–11. 2–6, Male appendages of Hemicordulia species in dorsal view. (2) H. asiatica; (3) H. virens; (4) H. atrovirens n. sp.; (5) H. similis; (6) H. africana n. sp.; 7–11, Male appendages of Hemicordulia species in lateral view. (7) H. asiatica; (8) H. virens; (9) H. atrovirens n. sp.; (10) H. similis; (11) H. africana n. sp.
FIGURES 12–17. Vulvar scale and S9 in Gone with the wind: westward dispersal across the Indian Ocean and island speciation in Hemicordulia dragonflies (Odonata: Corduliidae)
FIGURES 12–17. Vulvar scale and S9 of Hemicordulia species in ventral view. (12) H. asiatica; (13) H. virens; (14) H. atrovirens n. sp.; (15) aberrant H. similis (cf. Fraser 1949); (16) typical H. similis; (17) H. africana n. sp.
FIGURES 24–25 in Gone with the wind: westward dispersal across the Indian Ocean and island speciation in Hemicordulia dragonflies (Odonata: Corduliidae)
FIGURES 24–25. Geographic (24) and altitudinal (25) distribution of H. africana n. sp. relative to large water bodies. Filled circles are known records (present paper), open circles forested localities near large waterbodies that have recently been intensively surveyed by V. Clausnitzer (pers. comm.), except Mbala by Pinhey (1984). Many sites in the region away from large water bodies have also been researched. A line connects each site to the altitude of the nearest large water body.
Figure 2 in No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica
Figure 2: Durvillaea antarctica: frequency of holdfasts with different numbers of stipes, and with only vegetative stipes, only male stipes, only female stipes, and both sexes within one holdfast. Samples collected at (A) 33 beaches on the coast of Chile between 28°S and 42°S (n=1044 stranded holdfasts during the winters 2013, 2014 and 2015), and (B) two sites near the northern distribution limit of D. antarctica (n =56 holdfasts from Puerto Oscuro and n=62 holdfasts from Totoralillo Sur).
Figure 5 in No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica
Figure 5: Durvillaea antarctica: average (mean±SD) concentration (% dry wt) of phlorotannins in blade samples of different sexual stage and locality, Puerto Oscuro and Totoralillo Sur. Different letters above the columns indicate differences between sexual stages significant at p =0.05. Numbers of stipes from each site and sexual stage are listed at the bottom of each column.
Figure 1 in No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica
Figure 1: Study area and spatial distribution of the stranded and benthic D. antarctica in central Chile. PTOS, Puerto Oscuro; TOT, Totoralillo Sur.
Figure 4 in No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica
Figure 4: Durvillaea antarctica: average (mean±SD) concentration (mg/g wet wt) of pigments in blade samples of different sexual stage and locality, Puerto Oscuro and Totoralillo Sur. Different letters above the columns indicate differences between sexual stages significant at p =0.05. Numbers of stipes from each site and sexual stage are listed at the bottom of each column.
Figure 3 in No sex-related dispersal limitation in a dioecious, oceanic long-distance traveller: the bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica
Figure 3: Durvillaea antarctica: average (mean±SD) colour values of algal samples of different sexual stages and from two localities, Puerto Oscuro and Totoralillo Sur. Different letters above the columns indicate differences between sexual stages significant at p=0.05. Numbers of stipes from each site and sexual stage are listed at the bottom of each column.
Animations for Marine dispersal in the western Indian Ocean
<p>Animations associated with <em>Marine dispersal in the western Indian Ocean</em>. Please see the thesis text for animation explanations.</p>
Data from: Habitat filtering not dispersal limitation shapes oceanic island floras: species assembly of the Galápagos archipelago
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Data from: Climate impacts on trans-ocean dispersal and habitat in gray whales from the Pleistocene to 2100
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Data from: Landscape and oceanic barriers shape dispersal and population structure in the island nematode, Pristionchus pacificus
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Data from: Across the Indian Ocean: a remarkable example of trans-oceanic dispersal in an austral mygalomorph spider
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Data from: The presence of a cryptic barrier in the West Pacific Ocean suggests the effect of glacial climate changes on a widespread sea-dispersed plant, Vigna marina (Fabaceae)
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Data from: Habitat preference modulates trans-oceanic dispersal in a terrestrial vertebrate
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Data from: Seascape genetics of the spiny lobster Panulirus homarus in the Western Indian Ocean: understanding how oceanographic features shape the genetic structure of species with high larval dispersal potential
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Data from: Biogeographic analysis reveals ancient continental vicariance and recent oceanic dispersal in amphibians
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