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35 results for “Osedax”
FIGURE 2. Osedax sigridae n in An inordinate fondness for Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida): Fourteen new species of bone worms from California
FIGURE 2. Osedax sigridae n. sp., previously Osedax 'green palp'. A. View of cut surface of a cow femur deployed at 1820 meters in Monterey Canyon. Uncut surface of the bone has been heavily colonized by Osedax sigridae n. sp. Note greenishyellow color of the palps. B. Osedax sigridae n. sp. specimens in A. penetrated through outer surface of the cow bone and then expanded into the area beneath. This allowed for the whole outer layer of outer bone, and the Osedax, to be peeled away. Posterior ends (ovisacs) of multiple individuals are shown here. No major root structures extend from the ovisacs. C. Paratype of Osedax sigridae n. sp. (SIO-BIC A7810) with some bone surrounding the trunk. Oviduct is visible and pinnules of all four palps are oriented dorsally. D. Dorso-lateral view of holotype of Osedax sigridae n. sp. (SIO-BIC A7809) dissected from bone. Oviduct is not visible as it lies among the palps, which have pinnules oriented dorsally. Note greenish hue of palps. Green tissue surrounding part of the ovisac.
FIGURE 11. Osedax jabba n in An inordinate fondness for Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida): Fourteen new species of bone worms from California
FIGURE 11. Osedax jabba n. sp., previously Osedax 'spiral'; sp.1 SBJ-2006. A. Image of live paratype (SIO-BIC A7837) female, still in tube, collected at 2898 meters in November 2009. Much of trunk is still relatively expanded, but anterior end is contracted (arrow points to tip of trunk) and trunk has pulled back along the tube. Mass of fine roots is attached to several small pieces of bone. B. Ventral view of same specimen (SIO-BIC A7837) with sediment-covered part of the tube peeled away to show the transparent trunk (arrow points to tip of trunk). Large ganglion is visible in ventrolateral region of the trunk. C. Close up of dorsal mid-trunk of paratype (SIO-BIC A7837) female, showing oviduct filled with oocytes and an adjacent blood vessel. D. Another close-up of oviduct, more posteriorly near base of trunk, showing some dwarf males in vicinity of oviduct. Oocytes ellipsoidal, 150 µm by 120 µm. E. Living holotype (SIO-BIC A7832) collected October 2007 at 2898 meters with tube dissected open to show main trunk, which has largely 'deflated'. Oviduct can be seen running along the trunk. Tube also contains lower trunk and ovisac region. Arrow points to position of where 10 dwarf males were found in lumen of tube against body of the female. F. Close-up of large ganglion in trunk of paratype (SIO-BIC A7837) female, seen in Figure 11B.
FIGURE 8. Osedax ryderi n in An inordinate fondness for Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida): Fourteen new species of bone worms from California
FIGURE 8. Osedax ryderi n. sp., previously Osedax 'nude-palp-G', 'nude palp #20'. A. Live holotype (SIO-BIC A4617) female, with dwarf male allotypes (SIO-BIC A4618) in tube (not visible) before dissection from whale bone at 2898 meters. B. Preserved holotype, with intact ovisac. Trunk is short and the palps contracted to be shorter than oviduct. C. One of two males (SIO-BIC A4618) found in tube of holotype. Male has been squeezed with sperm coming out of head region. Prototroch is visible anteriorly with orange pigmentation. Several hooks are visible in posterior segmented region. D. Posterior segmented region showing hooked chaetae in pairs on one side of segments 2 and 3. Other chaetae are not in plane of focus. E. Developing dwarf male (SIO-BIC A4618), or larval stage that has yet to become mature. No sperm or spermatids are visible in body. Prototroch is visible with prominent orange pigmentation and hooked chaetae are visible posteriorly.
FIGURE 15. Osedax lehmani n in An inordinate fondness for Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida): Fourteen new species of bone worms from California
FIGURE 15. Osedax lehmani n. sp., previously Osedax 'yellow collar', 'sp. 3 SBJ-2006'. A. Transverse section (7 µm) of paratype 3 (SIO-BIC A7807), through crown showing pinnules of all palps oriented dorsally and oviduct lying between the dorsalmost pair of palps. B. Transverse section (7 µm) through trunk of paratype 3 (SIO-BIC A7807) showing extensive musculature and glands. Prominent dorsal and ventral blood vessels are also visible. C. Live males, allotypes (SIO-BIC A7805) in tube of their female (her pinnules are visible). Males show small patches of pigment anteriorly and posteriorly. D. Differential interference micrograph of a male dissected from tube of paratype 2 (SIO-BIC A7806). Prototroch is visible anteriorly. Some hooks are visible in expanded posterior region. No mature sperm is visible, though there are several bundles of spermatids.
FIGURE 18. Osedax bryani n in An inordinate fondness for Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida): Fourteen new species of bone worms from California
FIGURE 18. Osedax bryani n. sp., previously Osedax 'MB17'. A. Micrograph of live holotype (SIO-BIC A4619), female in dorsal view, removed from its tube and showing crown, trunk and part of ovisac. Oviduct lies between dorsalmost pair of palps. Little apparent pigmentation around anterior trunk B. Ventral view of live holotype (SIO-BIC A4619) showing white pigmentation anteriorly with midventral gap. Pinnules of all palps oriented dorsally. Arrow indicates oval unpigmented patch. C. Differential interference micrograph (from a stack series) of a solitary male (or larval stage?) dissected from tube of holotype (SIO-BIC A4619). Some hooks are visible in expanded posterior region. No mature sperm is visible though there are several bundles of spermatids.
FIGURE 6. Osedax knutei n in An inordinate fondness for Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida): Fourteen new species of bone worms from California
FIGURE 6. Osedax knutei n. sp., previously Osedax 'nude-palp-E'. A. Preserved female holotype (SIO-BIC A7812) with bone dissected away, but leaving body in place. Roots have ramified laterally parallel to bone surface. Trunk is short and palps, though contracted, are much longer. B. Dwarf male allotype (SIO-BIC A7813) found in tube of holotype. Prominent prototroch and sperm mass anteriorly. Posterior segmented region is slightly swollen with hooked chaetae clearly visible. C. Posterior region of allotype (SIO-BIC A7813), showing paired hooks on one side of segments 2 and 3. D. Live image of paratype (SIO- BIC A7816) partially dissected from bone. Palps are contracted, but still longer than the trunk. Ovisac is visible with root and blood vessel extending further into the bone. E. Live female Osedax knutei n. sp. in turkey bone and spawning oocytes into water. Trunk and lower palp region retracted into bone. Palps and oviduct extend out of the tube and compressed oocytes are visible in oviduct and freshly deposited in water. Specimen was destroyed for sequencing = GB MG262305.
FIGURE 14. Osedax lehmani n in An inordinate fondness for Osedax (Siboglinidae: Annelida): Fourteen new species of bone worms from California
FIGURE 14. Osedax lehmani n. sp., previously Osedax 'yellow collar'. A. Several adult females on rib bone of a gray whale calf (Eschrichtius robustus) that was deployed at 385 meters in Monterey Canyon. Rib was recovered to study the Osedax in an aquarium setting. Note distinctive yellow ring around most of the anterior end of trunk. The massive circulatory system in trunk and palps is evident from red color of worms. B. Micrograph of live paratype 4 (SIO-BIC A7808), a female, in dorsal view dissected from gray whale deployed at 385 meters. The 'root' mass is a single lobe extending away to the right of ovisac. Palps are retracted and partly curled, with pinnules all oriented dorsally. Note mid-dorsal gap in yellow pigment ring, through which oviduct runs and extends into crown. Note demarcation of the lower and upper trunk (arrow). Oviduct emerges onto surface of dorsal trunk at this point. Oviduct is full of oocytes and highly contracted nature of the trunk is evident in zigzag shape of the oviduct on trunk. C. Live holotype (SIO-BIC A7804), a female, in ventral view. Holotype is partially dissected from the gray whale deployed at 385 meters. Root mass (also containing ovarian tissue) has been dissected out of bone on right side and more extends into the bone, away from ovisac. Palps are retracted and curled. Note midventral gap in yellow pigment ring. D. Live adult female in lateral view on same rib bone as in A. There is a gap in yellow pigment ring where oviduct traverses the trunk to become part of the crown. E. Scanning electron micrograph of a female dissected from whale bone deployed at 385 meters. Pinnules of all palps are oriented dorsally.
Data from: Bone-eating Osedax worms lived on Mesozoic marine reptile deadfalls
We report fossil traces of Osedax, a genus of siboglinid annelids that consume the skeletons of sunken vertebrates on the ocean floor, from early-Late Cretaceous (approx. 100 Myr) plesiosaur and sea turtle bones. Although plesiosaurs went extinct at the end-Cretaceous mass extinction (66 Myr), chelonioids survived the event and diversified, and thus provided sustenance for Osedax in the 20 Myr gap preceding the radiation of cetaceans, their main modern food source. This finding shows that marine reptile carcasses, before whales, played a key role in the evolution and dispersal of Osedax and confirms that its generalist ability of colonizing different vertebrate substrates, like fishes and marine birds, besides whale bones, is an ancestral trait. A Cretaceous age for unequivocal Osedax trace fossils also dates back to the Mesozoic the origin of the entire siboglinid family, which includes chemosynthetic tubeworms living at hydrothermal vents and seeps, contrary to phylogenetic estimations of a Late Mesozoic–Cenozoic origin (approx. 50–100 Myr).
Data from: Bone-eating Osedax females and their 'harems' of dwarf males are recruited from a common larval pool
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Bone-eating Osedax worms lived on Mesozoic marine reptile deadfalls
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 5 from: Fujiwara Y, Jimi N, Sumida PYG, Kawato M, Kitazato H (2019) New species of bone-eating worm Osedax from the abyssal South Atlantic Ocean (Annelida, Siboglinidae). ZooKeys 814: 53-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.814.28869
Figure 5 Phylogenetic placement of Osedaxbraziliensis sp. n. based on nucleotide sequences on the concatenated COI, 16S, and 18S markers, using maximum likelihood. Scale bar represents 0.1 nucleotide substitutions per sequence position. Only bootstrap values greater than 50 are shown for each branch. Osedaxbraziliensis sp. n. is boxed.
Figure 1 from: Fujiwara Y, Jimi N, Sumida PYG, Kawato M, Kitazato H (2019) New species of bone-eating worm Osedax from the abyssal South Atlantic Ocean (Annelida, Siboglinidae). ZooKeys 814: 53-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.814.28869
Figure 1 Sampling location of Osedaxbraziliensis sp. n. Solid star indicates the sampling location where a whale carcass was discovered at a depth of 4,204 m.
Figure 3 from: Fujiwara Y, Jimi N, Sumida PYG, Kawato M, Kitazato H (2019) New species of bone-eating worm Osedax from the abyssal South Atlantic Ocean (Annelida, Siboglinidae). ZooKeys 814: 53-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.814.28869
Figure 3 Photographs of unfixed Osedaxbraziliensis sp. n. A Palps (pa), trunk (tr) and a gelatinous hemispherical tube (tu)B lateral view of palps (pa), trunk (tr), ovary (o), and root (r)C ventral view of palps (pa) with pinnules (pi) and trunk (tr). Dwarf males (m) inhabit a gelatinous tube (tu), and D ventro-lateral view of an individual possessing a yellow bump (b) present behind prostomium E Ventral view of holotype (NMST-Pol H-685) possessing a yellow patch (pt)F Ventral view of an individual without yellow bump.
Figure 4 from: Fujiwara Y, Jimi N, Sumida PYG, Kawato M, Kitazato H (2019) New species of bone-eating worm Osedax from the abyssal South Atlantic Ocean (Annelida, Siboglinidae). ZooKeys 814: 53-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.814.28869
Figure 4 Scanning electron micrographs of Osedaxbraziliensis sp. n. A Ventro-lateral view of bump (b)B lateral view of palps (pa) with pinnules (pi), and C dorsal view of palps (pa) and oviduct (od)D Dwarf male taken from the tube of a female.
Figure 2 from: Fujiwara Y, Jimi N, Sumida PYG, Kawato M, Kitazato H (2019) New species of bone-eating worm Osedax from the abyssal South Atlantic Ocean (Annelida, Siboglinidae). ZooKeys 814: 53-69. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.814.28869
Figure 2 Whale skeleton discovered at a depth of 4,204 m in the South Atlantic Ocean. A Sunken whale skeleton of the Atlantic minke whale (Balaenopterabonaerensis). Seven vertebrae are visible in this field of view. Osedaxbraziliensis sp. n. had colonised the first two bones on the right B Close-up view of a vertebra colonized by O.braziliensis sp. n. Galatheid crabs (Munidopsis spp.), amphipods (Stephonyx sp.), and gastropods (Rubyspira sp.) were also seen on and around the bones.
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