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FIGURE 17 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 17. Thouarella striata, holotype, MNHWU: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) outer and e) inner surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i) abaxial body-wall scale with sculpted distal edge, j,l) inner surface of circular body-wall scales, k) inner and m) outer surface of body-wall scales; n–p) outer and q) inner surface of coenenchymal scales.

FIGURE 13 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 13. Thouarella koellikeri, holotype, NHM 1889.5.27.41: a,d) inner and b) outer surface of opercular scales; c) side view of opercular keel; e) inner and f,g) outer surface of marginal scales; h–j) inner and k) outer surface of submarginal scales; l,o) inner, and m,n,p) outer surface of body-wall scales; q) top left, fourth and fifth from left on top row and fifth on bottom row are of the inner surface of coenenchymal scales, the remainder are outer surface images. Some SEM by ZGR.

FIGURE 31 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 31. Thouarella moseleyi, holotype, NHM 1889.5.27.39: a) outer and b,c) inner surface of opercular scales; d,f) inner and e) outer surface of marginal scales; g,h) inner surface of submarginal scales; i,l) inner and j,k) outer surface of body-wall scales; m) coenenchymal scales—outer surface shown on top left and bottom right scales, remainder show the inner surface. Some SEM by ZGR.

FIGURE 11 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 11. Thouarella affinis, holotype, NHM 1889.5.27.44: a–c,g) inner and d–f) outer surface of opercular scales; h,i) inner and j) outer surface of marginal scales; k–n) outer and o–q) inner surface of body-wall scales; r,w) outer and s–v) inner surface of coenenchymal scales. Some SEM images by ZGR.

FIGURE 12 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 12. Thouarella koellikeri, holotype, NHM 1889.5.27.41: a) 19 cm long colony; b) close up of branchlet; c) lateral polyp view; d) abaxial polyp view; e) stereo opercular view.

FIGURE 10 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 10. Thouarella affinis, holotype, NHM 1889.5.27.44: a) 13 cm long colony, with polychaete along stem; b) lateral polyp view; c) close up of polyps; d) stereo opercular view.

FIGURE 8 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 8. Thouarella brevispinosa, holotype, NHM89.5.27.54: a) 12 cm colony; b) lateral polyp view; c) abaxial polyp view; d) stereo opercular view.

FIGURE 19. Thouarella crenelata, USNM 98086 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 19. Thouarella crenelata, USNM 98086: a–c) inner, d) outer and e) lateral view of operculars; f) inner and g) outer surface of marginal scales; h,i) outer and j–l) inner surface of submarginal scales; m) inner and n,o) outer surface of body-wall scales; p) outer surface of coenenchymal scale.

FIGURE 22 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 22. Thouarella pendulina: a,d,e) Paratype, MNHN, Oct.0000-0211: a) broken colony; d) abaxial and lateral view of polyps on branchlet; e) stereo opercular view of polyps. USNM 98359: b) colony, 22 cm; c) close up of polyps.

FIGURE 18. Thouarella crenelata. USNM 98086 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 18. Thouarella crenelata. USNM 98086: a) colony, 35 cm; b) polyps; c) abaxial polyp view, e) stereo opercular view of polyp. Holotype, ZMB: d) close up of polyps. Photo d) by Carsten Lueter, ZMB.

FIGURE 7 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 7. Thouarella variabilis, syntype, NHM 89.5.27.56: a,b) outer and c) inner surface of operculars; d,f) inner and e,g) outer surface of marginals; h,j) inner and i,k) outer surface of submarginals; l–n) outer surface of body-wall scales; o,p,s) inner and q,r) outer surface of coenenchymal scales.

FIGURE 5 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 5. Thouarella antarctica, holotype, MNHN, Oct.0000-208: a,c) outer and b,d–f) inner surface of opercular scales; g,h) outer and i,j) inner surface of marginal scales; k,l) inner and m,n) outer surface of submarginal scales; o–q,s,t) inner and r,u,v) outer surface of body-wall scales; w) coenenchymal scales—inner surface top row first and second left, bottom row second left, remainder are of the outer surface.

FIGURE 1 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 1. First illustration of Thouarella antarctica (from Valenciennes 1846): a) full colony; b) close up of polyps.

FIGURE 3 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 3. Examples of sclerite categories. Accessory operculars: a) Thouarella chilensis; b,c) T. hicksoni; d,e) T. coronata. Operculars: f) T. clavata; g) T. affinis; h) T. koellikeri; i) T. antarctica. Marginals: j) T. variabilis; k) T. affinis; l) T. crenelata. Submarginals: m) T. coronata; n) T. koellikeri; o) T. hicksoni. Body-wall scales: p) T. clavata; q) T. hicksoni; r,s) T. parachilensis sp. nov. Coenenchymal scales: t) T. laxa; u) T. crenelata; v) T. antarctica.

FIGURE 2 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 2. Animals found within the branchlets of Thouarella specimens: a) Polychaete found along stem of the holotype of T. affinis; b) crinoid arboreal cup in branchlets of T. crenelata (ZSL AE57); c) anemone attached to branchlet of specimen of T. variabilis (SMF, MD42, sta. 22).

FIGURE 27 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 27. Thouarella hicksoni, holotype, NHM 1962.7.20.36: a) inner and (,c) outer surface of accessory opercular scales; d,e) inner surface of opercular scales; f,g) inner and h) outer surface of marginal scales; i,j) inner surface of submarginal scales; k,n) inner and l,m,o) outer surface of body-wall scales; p) outer surface of a coenenchymal scales. Photos by SJ.

FIGURE 23 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 23. Thouarella pendulina, paratype, MNHN, Oct.0000-0211: a,c,d) inner and b,e) outer surface of opercular scales; f,g,h) inner and h,i) outer surface of marginal scales; k) inner surface of submarginal; l) outer and m–o) inner surface of bodywall scales; p–r) outer and s,t) inner surface of coenenchymal scales.

FIGURE 32 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 32. Thouarella laxa, holotype, ZMA COEL03576: a–c,e) original images of holotype from Versluys, 1906, a) 20 cm colony; b) close up of small branch; c) pair of polyps; e) stereo opercular view of polyps. Thouarella carinata (now synonymised with T. laxa), syntype, USNM 50127: d) polyp.

FIGURE 39 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 39. Dasystenella acanthina, images from syntype of Thouarella longispinosa (synonymised here with D. acanthina), MNHWU: a) 4.8 cm and 2 cm colony fragments; b) adaxial polyp view; c) abaxial polyp view; d) stereo opercular view; e) outer and f,g) inner body-wall scales; h–k) inner surface opercular scales; l) coenenchymal scales, upper scale outer surface, lower scale inner surface; m) inner and n) outer surface of marginal scales. NB—some operculars are missing. '1' indicates small adaxial marginal scale. Image a) by ZGR.

FIGURE 37 in A revision of the genus Thouarella Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on Plumarella Gray, 1870 and Dasystenella, Versluys, 1906

FIGURE 37. Plumarella alternata, holotype, USNM 30097: a) colony, approx. 16 cm long; b) close up of polyps. Plumarella recta, holotype, USNM 30040: c) colony 5.5 cm long; d) close up of polyps. Photos by RZG.