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41 results for “Podocnemis”
Fig. 1 in Acanthoatractis xinguensis n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Atractidae) parasite of yellow-spotted Amazon river turtle, Podocnemis unifilis Troschel (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in Brazilian Amazon
Fig. 1. Line drawings of Acanthoatractis xinguensis n. gen., n. sp. (Male) (A) Cephalic extremity, apical view. (B) Cephalic extremity, apical view, highlighting the oral opening surrounded by sclerotized pieces and the distribution of open end wrench-shaped sclerotized structures. (C) Anterior extremity of body, ventral view. (D) Whole body, lateral view. (E) Details of spicules. (F) Posterior extremity of body, ventral view.
Fig. 3 in Acanthoatractis xinguensis n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Atractidae) parasite of yellow-spotted Amazon river turtle, Podocnemis unifilis Troschel (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in Brazilian Amazon
Fig. 3. Scanning electron micrographs of Acanthoatractis xinguensis n. gen., n. sp. (A) Male, cephalic extremity, subapical view. (B) Anterior extremity of body, ventrolateral view. Inset: Detail of deirid, lateral view (Scale-bar: 10 μm); Detail of excretory pore, ventral view (Scale-bar: 10 μm). (C) Posterior extremity of male, ventrolateral, distribution of caudal papillae (arrowheads). Detail of phasmid, ventrolateral view (Scale-bar: 5 μm); Postcloacal papillae, ventrolateral view (Scalebar: 10 μm). (D) Posterior extremity of female, ventrolateral view, lines indicate vulva and anus. Abbreviations: Amphid, Am; anus, An; deirid, De; excretory pore, Ep; single median papilla, Sm; vulva, Vu.
Fig. 1 in A new species of Orientatractis (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Atractidae) parasite of Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtle, Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in Brazilian Amazon
Fig. 1. Line drawings of Orientatractis matosi n. sp. (A) Female, whole body, ventral view. (B) Female, cephalic extremity, apical view (C) Posterior end of female, lateral view. (D) Male, whole body, lateral view. (E) Anterior extremity of body, ventrolateral view. (F) Details of spicules and gubernaculum. (G) Male, posterior end, ventral view.
Fig. 2 in A new species of Orientatractis (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Atractidae) parasite of Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtle, Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in Brazilian Amazon
Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Orientatractis matosi n. sp. (A) Cephalic extremity, apical view (amphidial pores, arrowheads). (B) Anterior extremity of body, lateral view, lines indicate deirid and excretory pore. (C) Posterior extremity of female, ventrolateral view, lines indicate vulva and anus. (D) Posterior extremity of male, ventrolateral, distribution of caudal papillae (arrows) and phasmids (arrowheads). Abbreviations: anus, An; deirid, De; excretory pore, Ep; vulva, Vu; single large submedian spine, a; submedian pointed spines, b. Inset: Cephalic end details, ventrolateral view (Scale-bar: 5 μm), Detail of excretory pore (Scale-bar: 5 μm).
FIG. 5. — Phylogenetic hypotheses including Podocnemis tatacoensis n in A new fossil turtle ends the controversy on the occurrence of the extant genus Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 at the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia
FIG. 5. — Phylogenetic hypotheses including Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp.: A, strict consensus of 192 most parsimonious trees (MPTs), obtained from the first analysis (all taxa, all morphological characters), tree length (TL) = 1318, consistency index (CI) = 0.275, retention index (RI) = 0.741, see the full tree in Supplementary Data S3 (Appendix 3); B, close up of the Podocnemis clade shown in (A). C, close up of the Podocnemis clade obtained in the strict consensus from the second analysis excluding all fossil Podocnemis except P. tatacoensis n. sp., see the full tree in Supplementary Data S4 (Appendix 4), MPTs = 48, TL = 1310, CI = 0.277, and RI = 0.744. Bootstrap (upper) and Bremer support (lower) indices are shown for some clades in (B) and (C); D, close up of the Podocnemis clade obtained from the total evidence analysis that produced a single MPT, TL = 4225, CI = 0.699, and RI = 0.794, as in the morphology only analyses, P. tatacoensis n. sp. is found to be part of Podocnemis and closer to the extant P. unifilis and the fossil P. negrii. Symbol: *, fossil taxa.
FIG. 4 in A new fossil turtle ends the controversy on the occurrence of the extant genus Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 at the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia
FIG. 4. — Left hyoplastron-peripherals region in extant and some fossil podocnemidids: A, B, Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp., specimen VPPLT-1727; C, D, P. vogli UF- 39060; E, F, P. unifilis MTKD-45847; G, P. unifilis CRI-2778; H, P. unifilis ICN-6455; I, J, P. erythrocephala CRI-6023; K, P. erythrocephala CRI-8207; L, P. erythrocephala CRI-1194; M, N, P. expansa USNM-29476; O, P. expansa NMW-35550; P, P. expansa AMNH-62947; Q, R, P. sextuberculata CRI-6543; S, P. sextuberculata CRI-2830; T, P. sextuberculata CRI-5500; U, V, P. lewyana ICN-7653; W, P. lewyana MNHN-286; X, P. lewyana ICN-1699; Y, Z, P. pritchardi UCMP-63782; A', B', Erymnochelys madagascariensis NMW-1811; C', E. madagascariensis MNHM-1534; D', E. madagascariensis NMW-139; E', F', Peltocephalus dumerilianus CRI-1344; G', Pe. dumerilianus CRI-3295;H', Pe. dumerilianus CRI-7524.Red circle indicates the close-up region showed in the right images. Green arrows indicate the axillary musk foramen of the hyoplastron (character 222), and red arrows indicate the lateral musk foramen or foramina at the hyoplastron-peripherals contact (character 269). Specimens not to scale.
FIG. 3. — Podocnemis tatacoensis n in A new fossil turtle ends the controversy on the occurrence of the extant genus Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 at the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia
FIG. 3. — Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp. details of its anatomy: A, B, close-up of the keeled neurals 2-4; C, D, left costal 1 in ventral view, sowing the shape of the axillary scar; E, left posterior margin of the carapace showing the bone predation trauma occurred to the peripherals; F, left peripherals 10-11 where the bone healed from the injury increasing the thickness and smoothing the surface; G, H, view of the right pelvic girdle; I, J, close-up of the three lateral musk foramina of the left hyoplastron-peripherals region. Abbreviations: axs, axillary scar; co, costal; hyo, hyoplastron; ili, ilium; isc, ischium; ker, keel rigde; M, marginal scute; mfo, musk foramina; ne, neural; sp, suprapygal; P, pleural scute; pe, peripheral; pub, pubis; py, pygal; res, resin; V, vertebral scute; xip, xiphiplastron. Scale bars: A, B, E, G, H, 2 cm; C, D, 1 cm; F, I, J, 5 mm.
FIG. 2 in A new fossil turtle ends the controversy on the occurrence of the extant genus Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 at the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia
FIG. 2. — Stratigraphic context and temporal frame for Podocnemididae: A, chronostratigraphic context for the Honda Group (La Victoria and Villavieja formations), including the magnetostratigraphy, cartographic units, horizons and radiometric ages, as well as where the fossil podocnemidids occur including Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp. Redrawn and modified from Montes et al. (2021); B, time of origination for the genera and some species of Podocnemididae based on the molecular hypothesis of Vargas-Ramírez et al. (2008) and fossil record (this study) for the clades that they represent. Abbreviations: Fm, formation; Gr, group; H, Holocene; L, Langhian; M, magnetostratigraphic chrons; Ma, million of years; Pleistoc., Pleistocene; Qut, Quaternary. Dotted lines indicate ghost lineage duration.
FIG. 1. — Podocnemis tatacoensis n in A new fossil turtle ends the controversy on the occurrence of the extant genus Podocnemis Wagler, 1830 at the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia
FIG. 1. — Podocnemis tatacoensis n. sp. from the Middle Miocene (Serravallian), La Tatacoa Desert, Colombia: A, B, carapace in dorsal view; C, D, shell in left lateral view; D, shell in anterior view; F, G, plastron in ventral view. Abbreviations: Abd, abdominal scute; Ana, anal scute; co, costal; ent, entoplastron; epi, epiplastron; Ext, extragular scute; Fem, femoral scute; Hum, humeral scute; hyo, hyoplastron; hyp, hypoplastron; Int, intergular scute; M, marginal scute; mes, mesoplastron; mfo, musk foramina; ne, neural; nu, nuchal; P, pleural scute; pe, peripheral; Pec, pectoral scute; sp, suprapygal; py, pygal; V, vertebral scute; xip, xiphiplastron. Reconstructed bones showed in yellow shading. Scale bar: 10 cm.
Effects of semi-constant temperature on embryonic and hatchling phenotypes of six-tubercled Amazon River turtles, Podocnemis sextuberculata
<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> We evaluated how constant incubation temperatures affect life-history traits pre-hatching and post-hatching of the six-tubercled Amazon River turtle, <em>Podocnemis sextuberculata</em>.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We incubated eggs from natural nests at ten semi-constant temperatures between 22.26±1.01°C and 37.37±0.38°C (2013) and at six temperatures between 25.75±0.22°C and 36.17±0.15°C (2016). In 2013, we raised hatchling for 90 days to evaluate effects of temperature on early hatchling growth. We evaluated maternal effects in 2016.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> <em>P. sextuberculata</em> displays temperature-dependent sex determination and produces males at colder and females at warmer temperatures (TSD Ia). The estimated pivotal temperature was 33.73 ± 0.15°C and the transitional range of temperatures (TRT) 1.16 ± 0.59°C. Semi-constant temperatures below 26°C and above 38°C were lethal. Intermediate temperatures (32.25°C and 31.5°C, respectively) were optimal for hatching success and produced larger hatchlings that grew slower early in life compared to colder or warmer conditions, which produced smaller hatchlings. Warmer incubation temperatures within the optimal range (28°C-37°C) accelerated embryonic development. In contrast, comparisons of 30, 60 and 90 days-old suggests that warmer incubation temperatures reduced growth and mass gain rates post-hatching, such that incubation temperature effects on body size at emergence disappeared by 3 months of age.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Six-tubercled Amazon River turtles showed the highest pivotal temperature reported for any turtle. The relatively narrow TRT may limit the evolutionary potential of this vulnerable turtle in the face of global warming. Future incubation experiments at a finer scale (33°C-36°C) are warranted to refine the sex-ratio reaction norm. Field studies that monitor natural nests are imperative to evaluate conservation measures and the effect of female-biased illegal hunting and climate change. By providing data about the thermal biology of an understudied lineage of non-model species, our study helps fill gaps in our understanding of the evolution of vertebrate sex determination and its potential adaptive value.</p>
Effects of semi-constant temperature on embryonic and hatchling phenotypes of six-tubercled Amazon River turtles, Podocnemis sextuberculata
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FIGURE 7. Telorchis hagmanni. a in Digeneans in Trachemys callirrostris callirostris and Podocnemis lewyana (Testudinata) from the Magdalena River, Colombia: description of Pseudonematophila n. gen. and amendment of Nematophila Travassos, 1934 (Cladorchiidae: Schizamphistominae)
FIGURE 7. Telorchis hagmanni. a. Holotype, adapted from Lent & Freitas, (1937). Scale 2 mm. b–c. Mature specimen collected from P. l e w y a na, Colombia. Ventral view. Scale 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 6. Nematophila argentinum n. comb. a. Mature specimen collected from T. c in Digeneans in Trachemys callirrostris callirostris and Podocnemis lewyana (Testudinata) from the Magdalena River, Colombia: description of Pseudonematophila n. gen. and amendment of Nematophila Travassos, 1934 (Cladorchiidae: Schizamphistominae)
FIGURE 6. Nematophila argentinum n. comb. a. Mature specimen collected from T. c. callirostris, Colombia; pharyngeal sacs extramural and testes oblique. Scale 2 mm. b-c-d. Details of genitalia, sagital section, scale 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Digeneans in Trachemys callirrostris callirostris and Podocnemis lewyana (Testudinata) from the Magdalena River, Colombia: description of Pseudonematophila n. gen. and amendment of Nematophila Travassos, 1934 (Cladorchiidae: Schizamphistominae)
FIGURE 4. Species of Nematophila Travassos, 1934. a. N. grandis adapted from Caballero et al. 1959. b. N. venezuelensis n. comb. adapted from Cordero & Vogelsang (1940). c. N. argentinum n. comb. adapted from Cordero & Vogelsang (1940). Scale 2 mm.
FIGURE 2. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen. n. comb. from Podocnemis lewyana, Colombia. a. Specimen adult, ventral view. Scale 1 in Digeneans in Trachemys callirrostris callirostris and Podocnemis lewyana (Testudinata) from the Magdalena River, Colombia: description of Pseudonematophila n. gen. and amendment of Nematophila Travassos, 1934 (Cladorchiidae: Schizamphistominae)
FIGURE 2. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen. n. comb. from Podocnemis lewyana, Colombia. a. Specimen adult, ventral view. Scale 1 mm. b. Details of genital sucker and genitalia with the cirrus everted, sagital section. Scale 0.25 mm. c. Details of genitalia and tegumentary papillae. Scale 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 1. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen., n in Digeneans in Trachemys callirrostris callirostris and Podocnemis lewyana (Testudinata) from the Magdalena River, Colombia: description of Pseudonematophila n. gen. and amendment of Nematophila Travassos, 1934 (Cladorchiidae: Schizamphistominae)
FIGURE 1. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen., n. comb., adapted from Cordero & Vogelsang, (1940) Inmature specimen, ventral view. Scale 2 mm.
FIGURE 5. Nematophila venezuelensis n. comb. a. Mature specimen collected from P. l e w y a n a in Digeneans in Trachemys callirrostris callirostris and Podocnemis lewyana (Testudinata) from the Magdalena River, Colombia: description of Pseudonematophila n. gen. and amendment of Nematophila Travassos, 1934 (Cladorchiidae: Schizamphistominae)
FIGURE 5. Nematophila venezuelensis n. comb. a. Mature specimen collected from P. l e w y a n a, Colombia; pharyngeal sacs intramural and testes in tandem. Scale 2 mm. b-c. Details of genitalia, sagital section, scale 0.8 mm.
FIGURE 3. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen. n. comb. a in Digeneans in Trachemys callirrostris callirostris and Podocnemis lewyana (Testudinata) from the Magdalena River, Colombia: description of Pseudonematophila n. gen. and amendment of Nematophila Travassos, 1934 (Cladorchiidae: Schizamphistominae)
FIGURE 3. Pseudonematophila ovalis n. gen. n. comb. a. Adult specimen, testes lobed with few threadlike extensions and numerous vitelline follicles, ventral view, scale 1 mm. b. Immature specimen, testes branched in numerous threadlike extensions and few vitelline follicles, ventral view, scale 1 mm. c. Ventral papillae in middle region of body, its number and size increase towards the acetabulum, sagital section. d. Papillae distribution in hindbody, ventral view. e. Detail of genital sucker, sagital section. f. Genitalia with the cirrus everted, oesophageal bulb, sagital section. Scale 0.25 mm.
Figure 7 in New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles "Podocnemis" fajumensis (Oligocene) and "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca (Miocene)
Figure 7. Shell remains attributable to cf. Apeshemys aegyptiaca (Podocnemididae, Erymnochelyini), from the lower Miocene (Burdigalian) of the Qattara Depression (Matruh Governorate, northern Egypt). (a–b) NHMUK R2961, third right costal, in dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views. (c–d) NHMUK R2960, partial anterior plastral lobe, in ventral (c) and dorsal (d) views.
Figure 5 in New shell information and new generic attributions for the Egyptian podocnemidid turtles "Podocnemis" fajumensis (Oligocene) and "Podocnemis" aegyptiaca (Miocene)
Figure 5. Carapace of the podocnemidid turtle Apeshemys aegyptiaca comb. nov. (Erymnochelyini), from the lower Miocene (Burdigalian) of the Qattara Depression (Matruh Governorate, northern Egypt). (a–c) Type specimen. (a) Drawing of the dorsal view of the carapace, corresponding to fig. 1 on plate 1 of Andrews (1900). (b–c) Carapace of the plaster cast NHMUK R2927, corresponding to the holoplastotype of the specimen, in dorsal (b) and ventral (c) views. (d) Dorsal view of a shell of another specimen, currently lost, based on fig. 21 of Fourteau (1920). It is important to point out that some details of this drawing were erroneous, such as the low number of peripherals.
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