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13,343 results for “Primary”
Primary Production and Species Richness in Lake Communities 1997 - 2000
An understanding of the relationship between species richness and productivity is crucial to understanding biodiversity in lakes. We investigated the relationship between the primary productivity of lake ecosystems and the number of species for lacustrine phytoplankton, rotifers, cladocerans, copepods, macrophytes, and fish. Our study includes two parts: (1) a survey of 33 well-studied lakes for which data on six major taxonomic groups were available; and (2) a comparison of the effects of short- and long-term whole-lake nutrient addition on primary productivity and planktonic species richness Dodson, Stanley I., Shelley E. Arnott, and Kathryn L. Cottingham. 2000. The relationship in lake communities between primary productivity and species richness. Ecology 81:2662-79. Number of sites: 33
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Primary Production - Trout Lake Area 1986 - 1995
Primary production on three lakes (Crystal, Sparkling, Trout) is measured using C14 laboratory incubation under controlled temperature and light conditions. Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season Number of sites: 3 Please consult NTL's website for information on experimental lake manipulations and the DNR's website for management activities
SBC LTER: Reef: Seasonal Kelp Forest Community Dynamics: Taxon-specific seasonal net primary production (NPP) for macroalgae
This dataset provides estimates of seasonal net primary production (NPP) for all taxa of macroalgae sampled in fixed plots of the SBC LTER's seasonal kelp forest monitoring sites. The five reefs (Arroyo Quemada 34°28.048’N, 120°07.031’W; Carpinteria 34°23.474’N, 119°32.510’W; Isla Vista 34°23.275’N, 119°32.792’W; Mohawk 34°23.649’N, 119°43.762’W; and Naples 34° 25.342’N, 119° 57.102’W) ranged in depth from 5.8 m to 8.9 m (MLLW) and were chosen to represent a range of physical and biological characteristics known to influence subtidal macroalgal assemblages in the region. NPP of understory taxa was calculated using field measurements of irradiance and biomass (derived from abundance) and laboratory estimates of taxon-specific photosynthetic parameters. NPP for the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, was calculated using linear relationships between frond density in a given season and average NPP for that season.
SBC LTER: Reef: Long-term experiment: Taxon-specific seasonal net primary production (NPP) for macroalgae
This dataset provides estimates of seasonal net primary production (NPP) for all taxa of macroalgae sampled in fixed plots of the SBC LTER's long-term kelp removal experiment sites. The experiment was initiated in 2008 at 4 sites; a fifth site as added in 2011. Data collection is ongoing. NPP of understory taxa was calculated using field measurements of irradiance and biomass (derived from abundance) and laboratory estimates of taxon-specific photosynthetic parameters. NPP for the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, was calculated using linear relationships between frond density in a given season and average NPP for that season.
CMS 2011A Open Data | Jet Primary Dataset | pT > 375 GeV | MOD HDF5 Format
<p>A dataset of 1,785,625 jets from the <a href="http://doi.org/10.7483/OPENDATA.CMS.UP77.P6PQ">Jet Primary Dataset of the CMS 2011A Open Data</a> reprocessed into the MOD HDF5 format. Jets are selected from the hardest two anti-kT R=0.5 jets in events passing the Jet300 High Level Trigger and are required to have <span class="math-tex">\(p_T^\text{jet}>375\)</span> GeV, where <span class="math-tex">\(p_T^\text{jet}\)</span> includes a jet energy correction factor. Particle Flow Candidates (PFCs) for each jet are provided and include information about the PFC kinematics, PDG ID, and vertex. Additionally, jets have metadata describing their kinematics and provenance in the original CMS AOD files.</p> <p>For additional details about the dataset, please see the accompanying paper, Exploring the Space of Jets with CMS Open Data. There, jets were further restricted to have <span class="math-tex">\(|\eta^\text{jet}|<1.9\)</span> to ensure tracking coverage and have "medium" quality to reject fake jets.</p> <p>The supported method for downloading, reading, and using this dataset is through the <a href="https://energyflow.network">EnergyFlow Python package</a>, which has additional documentation about how to read and use this and related datasets. Should any problems be encountered, please <a href="https://github.com/pkomiske/EnergyFlow/issues">submit an issue on GitHub</a>.</p> <p>There are corresponding datasets of simulated jets organized by hard parton <span class="math-tex">\(\hat p_T\)</span> also available on Zenodo:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3341500">SIM/GEN QCD Jets 170-300 GeV</a></li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3341498">SIM/GEN QCD Jets 300-470 GeV</a></li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3341419">SIM/GEN QCD Jets 470-600 GeV</a></li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3364139">SIM/GEN QCD Jets 600-800 GeV</a></li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3341413">SIM/GEN QCD Jets 800-1000 GeV</a></li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3341502">SIM/GEN QCD Jets 1000-1400 GeV</a></li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3341770">SIM/GEN QCD Jets 1400-1800 GeV</a></li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3341772">SIM/GEN QCD Jets 1800-<span class="math-tex">\(\infty\)</span> GeV</a></li> </ul>
Dataset for the comparison of two Computational Thinking (CT) test for upper primary school (grades 3-4) : the Beginners' CT test (BCTt) and the competent CT test (cCTt)
<p>This dataset contains quantitative student data acquired during the administration of two validated Computational Thinking (CT) assessments for upper primary school (grades 3 and 4): the Beginners' CT test (BCTt) [1] and the comptent CT test (cCTt) [2]</p> <p>To compare the psychometric properties of both instruments a comparative analysis was conducted with data acquired in schools in Portugal from the same school districts. More specifically, we analyse the results of: </p> <p>- the BCTt test administered in March 2020 to 374 students in grades 3-4,</p> <p>- the cCTt test administered in April 2021 to 201 different students in grades 3-4.</p> <p>These students had no prior experience in Computational Thinking, as this was not part of the national curriculum at the times of administration. </p> <p> </p> <p>The detailed psychometric comparison is published in Frontiers in Psychology - Educational Psychology [3] and provides indications regarding the use of both instruments for grades 3-4. </p> <p> </p> <p>A README is included and provides additional information regarding :</p> <p>- the requirements for re-use. </p> <p>- the specific content of the 2 csv files</p> <p> </p> <p>The BCTt is available upon request to maria.zapata@urjc.es and the cCTt items are available in [2] with an editable version being available upon request to laila.elhamamsy@epfl.ch. </p> <p>In case of other inquiries, please contact: laila.elhamamsy@epfl.ch, maria.zapata@urjc.es or pedro.marcelino@treetree2.org</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>[1] M. Zapata-Cáceres, E. Martín-Barroso and M. Román-González, "Computational Thinking Test for Beginners: Design and Content Validation," <em>2020 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)</em>, 2020, pp. 1905-1914, doi: 10.1109/EDUCON45650.2020.9125368.</p> <p>[2] El-Hamamsy, L., Zapata-Cáceres, M., Barroso, E. M., Mondada, F., Zufferey, J. D., & Bruno, B. (2022). The Competent Computational Thinking Test: Development and Validation of an Unplugged Computational Thinking Test for Upper Primary School. <em>Journal of Educational Computing Research</em>, <em>60</em>(7), 1818–1866. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331221081753">https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331221081753</a></p> <p>[3] <a href="http://www.frontiersin.org/Community/WhosWhoActivity.aspx?sname=LailaEl-Hamamsy&UID=781667">Laila El-Hamamsy</a>* , <a href="http://www.frontiersin.org/Community/WhosWhoActivity.aspx?sname=Mar%C3%ADaZapata-C%C3%A1ceres&UID=2073859">María Zapata-Cáceres</a>, Pedro Marcelino, Jessica Dehler Zufferey, <a href="http://www.frontiersin.org/Community/WhosWhoActivity.aspx?sname=BarbaraBruno&UID=893934">Barbara Bruno</a>, <a href="http://www.frontiersin.org/Community/WhosWhoActivity.aspx?sname=EstefaniaMart%C3%ADn&UID=2086979">Estefanía Martín-Barroso</a> and <a href="http://www.frontiersin.org/Community/WhosWhoActivity.aspx?sname=MarcosRom%C3%A1n-Gonz%C3%A1lez&UID=760761">Marcos Román-González</a> (2022). <a href="http://www.frontiersin.org/Journal/Abstract.aspx?d=0&name=Educational_Psychology&ART_DOI=10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1082659">Comparing the psychometric properties of two primary school Computational Thinking (CT) assessments for grades 3 and 4: the Beginners' CT test (BCTt) and the competent CT test (cCTt)</a>. <em>Front. Psychol.</em> doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1082659</p>
Chlorophyll a and primary productivity data for various lakes near Toolik Research Station, Arctic LTER. Summer 1983 to 1989.
Decadal file describing the chlorophyll a and primary production in various lakes near Toolik Research Station (68 38'N, 149 36'W) during summers from 1983 to 1989. Sample site descriptors include an assigned number (sortchem), site, date of analysis (incubation), time, depth and rates of primary production. The amount of chlorophyll a and pheophytin were also measured.
Periphyton Net Primary Productivity and Respiration Rates from the Taylor Slough, just outside Everglades National Park (FCE), South Florida from December 1998 to December 2004
Periphyton metabolism is being measured at TS/Ph1b, TS/Ph2, TS/Ph3, TS/Ph4, and TS/Ph5 every 6-8 weeks during the wet season. We quantify metabolic rates of periphyton assemblages using standard oxygen change techniques in 300mL light and dark BOD bottles in triplicate. Using YSI dissolved oxygen probes and meters, we measure dissolved oxygen change as the difference of initial and final oxygen concentrations during a two hour incubation period. We calculate net primary productivity and respiration rates in units of oxygen and carbon, then normalize to the organic content (ash free dry weight) of the incubated periphyton.
Periphyton Net Primary Productivity and Respiration Rates from the Taylor Slough, just outside Everglades National Park, South Florida (FCE) from December 1998 to August 2002
Once per year, at TS/Ph-4 and TS/Ph-5 we incubate periphyton from each site in water from each site in a complete factorial design. We quantify metabolic rates of periphyton assemblages using standard oxygen change techniques in 300mL light and dark BOD bottles in triplicate. Using YSI dissolved oxygen probes and meters, we measure dissolved oxygen change as the difference of initial and final oxygen concentrations over a two hour incubation. We calculate net primary productivity and respiration rates in units of oxygen and carbon, then normalize to the organic content (ash free dry weight) of the incubated periphyton.
Size-fractionated net primary productivity (NPP) estimates based on 13C uptake during cruises along the Northeast U.S. Shelf Long Term Ecological Research (NES-LTER) Transect, ongoing since 2019
This dataset consists of primary production measurements based on uptake of carbon-13 added as 13C-bicarbonate during 24-h deckboard incubations of seawater. Sampling occurred on cruises along the Northeast U.S. Shelf Long Term Ecological Research (NES-LTER) Transect during summer, fall, and winter, starting in summer 2019. Net primary production (NPP) was determined from particulate organic carbon (POC) content and associated stable isotope enrichment. Three data tables are included: 1. Depth-specific primary productivity based on fractional light levels of the surface irradiance with reference to the profile of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). 2. Integrated primary productivity. 3. Natural abundance POC. The tables derive from the raw data included as other entities.
Cascade Project at North Temperate Lakes LTER: Primary Production 1984 - 1990
CASCADE Primary Production Dataset Sampling Frequency: varies Number of sites: 3
Annual primary productivity at a Spartina patens-dominated salt marsh at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA, 2000-2025.
Annual productivity is estimated from aboveground biomass data collected destructively from control and fertilized plots during the growing season at a Spartina patens-dominated salt marsh on the Rowley River within the Plum Island Ecosystem (PIE) LTER site, MA.
Annual primary productivity of Spartina alterniflora in control and fertilized plots at Law's Point, Rowley River, Plum Island Ecosystem LTER, MA, 1999-2025.
Annual productivity is estimated from aboveground biomass in Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh plots on the Rowley River within the Plum Island Ecosystems (PIE) LTER site. Aboveground biomass is determined non-destructively.
SBC LTER: REEF: Net primary production, growth and standing crop of Macrocystis pyrifera in Southern California
The giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera forms subtidal forests on shallow reefs in temperate regions of the world. It is one of the fastest-growing multicellular autotrophs on Earth and its high productivity supports diverse marine food webs. In 2008, we published a method for estimating biomass and net primary production (NPP) of giant kelp along with five years of data, to provide a more integrated measure of NPP than those yielded by previous methods. Our method combines monthly field measurements of standing crop and loss rates with a model of kelp biomass dynamics to estimate instantaneous mass-specific growth rates and NPP for each season of each year. We have since improved our approach to account for several previously unresolved sources of biomass loss. These improvements have led to a near doubling of our prior estimates of growth and NPP. At our site with the most persistent stand of giant kelp, NPP averages ~5.2 kg dry mass m-2 y-1 and results from the rapid growth (~3.5% per day) of a relatively small standing biomass (~ 0.4 kg dry mass m-2 on average) that turns over ~ 12 times annually. Here we provide revised estimates of seasonal biomass, growth and NPP for the five years covered by our previous publication (2002-2006), along with an additional data collect since then (2007-present). We also present updated relationships for predicting giant kelp biomass and NPP from much more easily obtained measurements of frond density. These data can be used to understand the mechanisms that drive variation in giant kelp NPP at a wide range of temporal scales.
Core Research Site Web Quadrat Data for the Net Primary Production Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
This dataset is part of a long-term study at the Sevilleta LTER measuring net primary production (NPP) across four distinct ecosystems: creosote-dominant shrubland (Site C, est. winter 1999), black grama-dominant grassland (Site G, est. winter 1999), blue grama-dominant grassland (Site B, est. winter 2002), and pinon-juniper woodland (Site P, est. winter 2003). Net primary production is a fundamental ecological variable that quantifies rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses to a range of ecological processes. Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and and foliage, over time and incoporates growth as well as loss to death and decomposition. To measure this change the vegetation variables in this dataset, including species composition and the cover and height of individuals, are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) at permanent 1m x 1m plots within each site. A third sampling at Site C is performed in the winter. The data from these plots is used to build regressions correlating biomass and volume via weights of select harvested species obtained in SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data." This biomass data is included in SEV182, "Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP for Core Research Sites." This dataset is designated as NA-US-011 in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD). To aid tracking of the use of databases in this index, please also reference this number when citing this data. The GIVD report for SEV129 can be found in: Biodiversity and Ecology 4 - Vegetation Databases for the 21st Century (2012) by J. Dengler et al.
Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment (NFert): Net Primary Production Quadrat Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
This dataset is part of a long-term study at the Sevilleta LTER, begun in spring 2004, which examines how fertilization affects above-ground biomass production (ANPP) in a mixed desert-grassland. Net primary production is a fundamental ecological variable that quantifies rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses to a range of ecological processes. Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and foliage, over time and incorporates growth as well as loss to death and decomposition. To measure this change the vegetation variables in this dataset, including species composition and the cover and height of individuals, are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) at permanent 1m x 1m plots. The data from these plots is used to build regressions correlating biomass and volume via weights of select harvested species obtained in SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data." This biomass data is included in SEV186, "Nitrogen Fertilization Experiment (NFert): Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data."
Burn Study Sites Quadrat Data for the Net Primary Production Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
In 2003, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducted a prescribed burn over a large part of the northeastern corner of the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. Following this burn, a study was designed to look at the effect of fire on above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) (i.e., the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and foliage, over time) within three different vegetation types: mixed grass (MG), mixed shrub (MS) and black grama (G). Forty permanent 1m x 1m plots were installed in both burned and unburned (i.e., control) sections of each habitat type. The core black grama site included in SEV129 is used as a G control site for analyses and does not appear in this dataset. The MG control site caught fire unexpectedly in the fall of 2009 and some plots were subsequently moved to the south. For details of how the fire affected plot placement, see Methods below. In spring 2010, sampling of plots 16-25 was discontinued at the MG (burned and control) and G (burned treatment only) sites, reducing the number of sampled plots to 30 at each.To measure ANPP (i.e., the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and foliage, over time), the vegetation variables in this dataset, including species composition and the cover and height of individuals, are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) at each plot. The data from these plots is used to build regressions correlating biomass and volume via weights of select harvested species obtained in SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data." This biomass data is included in SEV185, "Burn Study Sites Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data."
Below-Ground Net Primary Production (BNPP): Root Ingrowth Donuts in Chihuahuan Desert Grassland and Creosote Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
In 2005, annually harvested root ingrowth donut structures were co-located with previously established mini-rhizotron tubes established at four sites on McKenzie Flats located on the east side of Sevilleta NWR: 10 replicate structures in both burned and unburned blue and black grama dominated grassland plots at Deep Well, 10 replicates each on nitrogen fertilization plots and respective control plots on McKenzie Flats(20 total), 10 replicates in creosote dominated shrubland at the Five Points Creosote Core site and in 2011, 13 structures were put in the Monsoon site. Roots and soil are harvested annually in late fall after the growing season, and structures are reestablished in situ for consecutive harvests each year. Each structure allows roots to be harvested at two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) to estimate root production, or below ground net primary productivity. In order to compare estimates of root production from two methods, root ingrowth donuts were collocated with mini-rhizotron tubes at all localities except for the burned grassland plot at Deep Well.
Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Net Primary Production Quadrat Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Humans are creating significant global environmental change, including shifts in climate, increased nitrogen (N) deposition, and the facilitation of species invasions. A multi-factorial field experiment is being performed in an arid grassland within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) to simulate increased nighttime temperature, higher N deposition, and heightened El Niño frequency (which increases winter precipitation by an average of 50%). The purpose of the experiment is to better understand the potential effects of environmental change on grassland community composition and the growth of introduced creosote seeds and seedlings. The focus is on the response of three dominant species, all of which are near their range margins and thus may be particularly susceptible to environmental change. It is hypothesized that warmer summer temperatures and increased evaporation will favor growth of black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda), a desert grass, but that increased winter precipitation and/or available nitrogen will favor the growth of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), a shortgrass prairie species. Furthermore, it is thought that the growth and survival of introduced creosote (Larrea tridentata) seeds and seedlings will be promoted by heightened winter precipitation, N addition, and warmer nighttime temperatures. Treatment effects on limiting resources (soil moisture, nitrogen mineralization), species growth (photosynthetic rates, creosote shoot elongation), species abundance, and net primary production (NPP) are all being measured to determine the interactive effects of key global change drivers on arid grassland plant community dynamics. To measure above-ground NPP (i.e., the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and foliage, over time), the vegetation variables in this dataset, including species composition and the cover and height of individuals, are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) at permanent 1m x 1m plots. The data from these pl
Core Research Site Web Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data for the Net Primary Production Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
This long-term study at the Sevilleta LTER measures net primary production (NPP) across four distinct ecosystems: creosote-dominant shrubland (Site C, est. winter 1999), black grama-dominant grassland (Site G, est. winter 1999), blue grama-dominant grassland (Site B, est. winter 2002), and pinon-juniper woodland (Site P, est. winter 2003), which is now in its own dataset, SEV278 (Pinon-Juniper (Core Site) Quadrat Data). Net primary production is a fundamental ecological variable that quantifies rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses to a range of ecological processes. While measures of both below- and above-ground biomass are important in estimating total NPP, this study focuses on above-ground net primary production (ANPP). Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, including loss to death and decomposition, over a given period of time. Volumetric measurements are made using vegetation data from permanent plots collected in SEV129, "Core Research Site Web Quadrat Data" and regressions correlating biomass and volume constructed using seasonal harvest weights from SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data."
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