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67 results for “Protected and conserved areas”
Data for: Beyond Protected Areas: The importance of mixed-use landscapes for the conservation of Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus)
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Identifying Mozambique's most critical areas for plant conservation: An evaluation of protected areas and important plant areas
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Assessing the effectiveness of global protected areas in conserving plant community completeness
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Conservation of birds in fragmented landscapes requires protected areas
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Data from: Assessing the effectiveness of protected areas for conserving range-restricted rainforest butterflies in Sabah, Borneo
Rainforests on Borneo support exceptional concentrations of endemic insect biodiversity, but many of these forest-dependent species are threatened by land-use change. Totally protected areas (TPAs) of forest are key for conserving biodiversity, and we examined the effectiveness of the current TPA network for conserving range-restricted butterflies in Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). We found that mean diurnal temperature range and precipitation of the wettest quarter of the year were the most important predictors of butterfly distributions (N = 77 range-restricted species), and that species richness increased with elevation and aboveground forest carbon. On average across all species, TPAs were effective at conserving ~43% of species' ranges, but encompassed only ~40% of areas with high species richness (i.e. containing at least 50% of our study species). The TPA network also included only 33-40% of areas identified as high priority for conserving range-restricted species, as determined by a systematic conservation prioritization analysis. Hence, the current TPA network is reasonably effective at conserving range-restricted butterflies, although considerable areas of high species richness (6565 km2) and high conservation priority (11,152-12,531 km2) are not currently protected. Sabah's remaining forests, and the range-restricted species they support, are under continued threat from agricultural expansion and urban development, and our study highlights important areas of rainforest that require enhanced protection.
Data from: Pervasive cropland in protected areas highlight trade-offs between conservation and food security
<p>Global cropland expansion over the last century caused widespread habitat loss and degradation. Establishment of protected areas aims to counteract the loss of habitats and to slow species extinctions. However, many protected areas also include high levels of habitat disturbance and conversion for uses such as cropland. Understanding where and why this occurs may realign conservation priorities and inform protected area policy in light of competing priorities such as food security. Here we use a new global synthesis cropland dataset to quantify cropland in protected areas globally, and assess their relationship to conservation aims and socio-environmental context. We estimate that cropland occupies 1.4 million km<sup>2</sup> or 6% of global protected area. Cropland occurs across all protected area management types, with 22% occurring in strictly protected areas. Cropland inside protected areas is more prevalent in countries with higher population density, lower income inequality, and with higher agricultural suitability of protected lands. While this phenomenon is dominant in mid-northern latitudes, areas of cropland in protected areas of the tropics and subtropics may present greater trade-offs due to higher levels of both biodiversity and food insecurity. Although area-based targets are prominent in biodiversity goal-setting, our results show that they can mask persistent anthropogenic land uses detrimental to native ecosystem conservation. To ensure the long-term efficacy of protected areas, post-2020 goal setting must link aims for biodiversity and human health and improve monitoring of conservation outcomes in cropland-impacted protected areas.</p>
Data from: Terrestrial-focused protected areas are effective for conservation of freshwater fish diversity in Lake Tanganyika
Freshwater protected areas are rarely designed specifically for this purpose and consequently their conservation benefit cannot be guaranteed. Using Lake Tanganyika as a test case we investigated the benefits of terrestrial-focussed protected areas on the alpha and beta taxonomic and functional diversity of the diverse endemic rocky-shore cichlid fishes. Lake Tanganyika has limited protected shorelines and continued human population growth in its catchment, which has potential for negative impacts on habitat quality and key biological processes. We conducted 554 underwater surveys across a gradient of human disturbance including two protected areas, along 180 km of Tanzanian coastline, sampling 70 cichlid species representing a diverse range of life-histories and trophic groups. Alpha diversity was up to 50% lower outside of protected areas, and herbivores appeared most affected. Turnover dominated within-locality variation in beta diversity, but the nestedness component was positively related to human disturbance indicating an increase in generalist species outside of protected areas. Within protected areas the decline in zeta diversity (the expected number of shared species across multiple surveys) was best described by power law functions, which occur when local abundance is predicted by regional abundance; but declined exponentially in unprotected waters indicating a dominance of stochastic assembly. Despite not being designed for the purpose, the protected areas are clearly benefitting cichlid taxonomic and functional diversity within Lake Tanganyika, probably through local reduction in sediment deposition and/or pollution, but as cichlids can be poor dispersers protected area coverage should be expanded to benefit isolated communities.
Data from: Conservation genetics of Australasian sailfin lizards: flagship species threatened by coastal development and insufficient protected area coverage
Despite rampant coastal development throughout Southeast Asia and the Pacific, studies of conservation genetics and ecology of vulnerable, coastal species are rare. Large bodied vertebrates with highly specialized habitat requirements may be at particular risk of extinction due to habitat degradation and fragmentation, especially if these habitats are naturally patchily distributed, marginal, or otherwise geographically limited, or associated in space with high human population densities or heavy anthropogenic disturbance. Particularly telling examples of these conservation challenges are large Australasian reptiles with obligate habitat requirements for lowland, coastal and mangrove forests. Plagued by habitat destruction due to high human densities along coastlines, sprawling rural development, and rapidly developing estuarine fisheries industry, coastal forest reptiles are experiencing rapid declines. And yet studies of population biology, genetics, and habitat requirements of species depending on these environments are few. We undertook the present study in order to take a multifaceted approach to understanding a poignant conservation problem. We identify significant evolutionary units for conservation in large-bodied Sailfin Lizards (genus Hydrosaurus), model suitable habitat in the Philippines from extensive occurrence data and evaluate the efficacy of the current protected area network, and identify the source of hydrosaurs in the illegal pet trade. We determine that the extent of the species' habitat coincident with protected areas is low. Our forensic evaluation of the illegal pet trade in the Philippines determines the existence of a natural population that is at risk of systematic exploitation by traders. Together, this integrative study characterizes a conservation urgency of particular significance: the genetically distinct Sailfin lizards of the Bicol faunal region, with suitable habitat virtually unprotected, and clear evidence of heavy exploitation for illegal trade. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first conservation genetic study to evaluate the potential effectiveness of the protected landscape coverage in the Philippines, a Megadiverse nation and Biodiversity Hotspot.
Data from: Evolution and conservation on top of the world: Phylogeography of the Marbled Water Frog (Telmatobius marmoratus species complex; Anura, Telmatobiidae) in protected areas of Chile
The Andean Altiplano has served as a complex setting throughout its history, driving dynamic processes of diversification in several taxa. We investigated phylogeographic processes in the Telmatobius marmoratus species complex occurring in this region by studying the geographic patterns of genetic variability, genealogies, and historical migration, using the cytochrome b (cyt-b) gene as a marker. DNA sequences from Telmatobius gigas and Telmatobius culeus, Bolivian species with an uncertain taxonomic status, were also included. Additionally, we evaluated the phylogenetic diversity (PD) represented within Chilean protected areas and the complementary contribution from unprotected populations. Phylogenetic reconstructions from 148 cyt-b sequences revealed 4 main clades, one of which corresponded to T. culeus. T. gigas was part of T. marmoratus clade indicating paraphyletic relationships. Haplotypes from Chilean and Bolivian sites were not reciprocally monophyletic. Geographic distribution of lineages, spatial Bayesian analysis, and migration patterns indicated that T. marmoratus displays a weaker geographic structure than expected based on habitat distribution and physiological requirements. Demographic and statistical phylogeography analyses pointed out to a scenario of recent population expansion and high connectivity events of a more recent age than the post Last Glacial Maximum, probably associated to more humid events in Altiplano. PD of T. marmoratus populations within protected areas represents 55.6% of the total estimated PD. The unprotected populations that would contribute the most to PD are Caquena and Quebe (21%). Recent evolutionary processes and paleoclimatic changes, potentially driving shifts in habitat connectivity levels and population sizes, could explain the phylogeographic patterns recovered herein.
Distribution. SE Myanmar (Tenasserim) S through W and peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia, with scattered records from C & S Laos (Phou Hin Poun National Biodiversity Conservation Area and Xe Pian National Protected Area), SW & S Cambodia (Cardamom and Elephant Mts), S Vietnam (Dong Nai and Ba Ria-Vung Tau provinces and Phu Quoc I), and Borneo (Niah National Park in Sarawak, Witti Range and Sepilok in Sabah, and East Kalimantan). in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. SE Myanmar (Tenasserim) S through W and peninsular Thailand to Peninsular Malaysia, with scattered records from C & S Laos (Phou Hin Poun National Biodiversity Conservation Area and Xe Pian National Protected Area), SW & S Cambodia (Cardamom and Elephant Mts), S Vietnam (Dong Nai and Ba Ria-Vung Tau provinces and Phu Quoc I), and Borneo (Niah National Park in Sarawak, Witti Range and Sepilok in Sabah, and East Kalimantan).
Input data and scripts for "Spatial conservation prioritization for the East Asian islands: a balanced representation of multi-taxon biogeography in a protected area network"
<p>This release contains the input files 'input_data.zip' for the spatial conservation prioritization analysis by Zonation software, which are conducted in Lehtomäki et al. Input data includes biodiversity features (species distribution maps from vascular plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and freshwater fishes), habitat condition map (human influence index), priority mask information (the categorized protected area distribution) and the Japanese prefecture polygons in GeoTiff format, and the list of species attributes for conservation weighting in CSV format. Note that endangered rare species have been excluded from this dataset, though they were reflected in the output files. The Zonation setting files and R scripts for pre- and post analyses are included in 'japan-zsetup-1.0.zip' and also placed at GitHub : https://github.com/cbig/japan-zsetup</p> <p>The output files (priority score maps and removal curves) from the original Zonation analyses are summarized in 'output_from_original.data.zip'</p>
FIGURE 7 in Bryofloristic diversity and conservation value of a protected area in the Brazilian semi-arid region
FIGURE 7. Principal Component Analysis. The model identified the non-specificity of substrate colonization for four available substrates.
FIGURE 6 in Bryofloristic diversity and conservation value of a protected area in the Brazilian semi-arid region
FIGURE 6. Lifeforms identified in bryophytes collected in the Poeta e Repentista Juvenal de Oliveira State Park, in the city of Campina Grande, PB. The tuft form was predominant in relation to the other three, followed by weft and thalloid, both equally represented. Photos: Jenkins and William (2020), Aquarium Plants Factory (2023), Glime, J. M. (2021).
FIGURE 4 in Bryofloristic diversity and conservation value of a protected area in the Brazilian semi-arid region
FIGURE 4. Distribution of bryophytes recorded in the Parque Estadual do Poeta e Repentista Juvenal de Oliveira, according to the phytophysiognomies of Brazil.
FIGURE 3 in Bryofloristic diversity and conservation value of a protected area in the Brazilian semi-arid region
FIGURE 3. Worldwide geographic distribution of bryophytes occurring in the Poeta e Repentista Juvenal de Oliveira State Park, in the city of Campina Grande, PB. The most representative one was the Neotropical.
FIGURE 5 in Bryofloristic diversity and conservation value of a protected area in the Brazilian semi-arid region
FIGURE 5. Unweighted group pairwise average (UPGMA). The average distance between all group members shows that areas within the same landscapes generally tend to have similar sets of species. Number differentiates landscapes; CF—Closed Forest; OF—Open Forest. Areas in dark gray had collections recorded during the dry season; in marine water, rainy season. Correlation Coefficient = 0.67—indicates moderate correlation.
Non-protected areas demanding equitable conservation strategies as of protected areas in Central Himalayan region
<p><span>The present study aims to explore the mammalian diversity of Darjeeling district using camera traps along with questionnaire survey in protected area (PA) and non- protected area (Non-PA). We also attempted to understand the influence of habitat variables on mammalian species richness using the generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). A total of 30 mammal species were recorded of which 21 species were detected through camera trapping with the most abundant records of barking deer (<i>Muntiacus muntjak</i>) and least of the elusive Chinese pangolin (<i>Manis pentadactyla</i>) and red panda (<i>Ailurus fulgens</i>). Additionally, melanistic forms of four mammals were also recorded. The mammalian species richness, their capture rate and naïve occupancy did not differ significantly among the PA and Non-PA. The GLMM revealed that the proportions of oak and bamboo in the forest, percentage canopy cover and camera trap operational days (<i>w</i>AICc = 0.145, <i>w</i>BIC = 0.603) were significant predictors of species richness in the study. We suggest Non-PA forest of Darjeeling should be given equal conservation importance as to the PA. Landscape based conservation planning will be imperative for achieving long term conservation goals in the study area. </span></p>
Benefits and beneficiaries of Protected and Conserved Areas - PANORAMA Solutions - 2021
<p>This dataset quantitively characterizes a set of protected and conserved areas described in the database of "PANORAMA Solutions" (IUCN) concerning benefits and beneficiaries, i.e. conservation outcomes. A quantitative content analysis was performed to develop a set of benefit and beneficiaries' dimensions reported in the whole set of solutions. Deductive and inductive reasoning were applied to identify beneficiaries' categories and benefits. After removing duplicate categories, we arrived at 68 categories of benefits and 25 for beneficiaries for 92 conservation outcomes. We included solutions published before 05.February.2021. We excluded 'snapshot solutions', which capture only a short description. A quality check was performed to exclude solutions with missing data, resulting in 263 solutions analysed. This dataset includes solutions relating to protected and conserved areas defined by IUCN (IUCN-WCPA 2019). PANORAMA is a learning and knowledge initiative based on case studies of replicable success stories – solutions - in conservation and sustainable development. It is managed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and other partners and built on theories of resilience and peer learning. This dataset has been employed for the following manuscript: Cebrián-Piqueras, M. A., I. Palomo, V. B. Lo, M. D. López-Rodríguez, A. Filyushkina, M. Fischborn, C. M. Raymond, and T. Plieninger. 2023. Leverage points and levers of inclusive conservation in protected areas. Ecology and Society XX(YY):ZZ. [online] URL: https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/volXX/issYY/artZZ</p>
Data from: Conservation genetics of Australasian sailfin lizards: flagship species threatened by coastal development and insufficient protected area coverage
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Data from: Assessing the effectiveness of protected areas for conserving range-restricted rainforest butterflies in Sabah, Borneo
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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