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Fig. 5 in Geographic variation in a South American clade of mormoopid bats, Pteronotus (Phyllodia), with description of a new species

Fig. 5.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and ventral and lateral views of the mandible of the holotype of Pteronotus alitonus sp. nov. (INPA 6942). Scale bar = 5 mm. INPA = Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.

Fig. 1 in Geographic variation in a South American clade of mormoopid bats, Pteronotus (Phyllodia), with description of a new species

Fig. 1.——Sampling localities of the common mustached bat (Pteronotus cf. rubiginosus) included in the present study.

Fig. 3 in Geographic variation in a South American clade of mormoopid bats, Pteronotus (Phyllodia), with description of a new species

Fig. 3.—Principal component analysis displaying the cranial morphometric variation in the 2 sympatric species of the South American clade of Phyllodia (Clade 4C, Supplementary Data SD1). The correlation of the cranial variables with the 2 first principal components (PCs) is displayed in the center of the plot. The PC1 and PC2 correspond to 86.5% and 4.7% of the total variation, respectively. Higher values in PC1 represent larger cranial sizes while values in PC2 show variation in cranial breadth contrasted to the overall size. Numbers indicate the geographic location of individuals, whereas polygons delimit the area of each of these groups in the morphometric space.

Fig. 2 in Geographic variation in a South American clade of mormoopid bats, Pteronotus (Phyllodia), with description of a new species

Fig. 2.——Haplotype network showing the geographic variation and intraspecific diversity in the COI fragment for the 2 South American sympatric species of common mustached bats (subgenus Phyllodia). Each haplotype found in our molecular dataset is labeled with a number. The haplotypes belonging to each cluster (representing the 2 species) differ in at least 20 mutational steps among them. Geographic samples within both species are identified by distinct colors according to the labels.

Fig. 6 in Geographic variation in a South American clade of mormoopid bats, Pteronotus (Phyllodia), with description of a new species

Fig. 6.—Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among observed haplotypes of Pteronotus rubiginosus and P. alitonus sp. nov. in the 651 bp fragment of COI gene analyzed. Four haplotypes of each species (P. rubiginosus: HAP1, 14, 16, 32; P. alitonus: HAP2, 3, 11, 12) are shown. Fixed SNPs between the most frequent haplotype of each species (HAP1 × HAP2) are highlighted in bold.

Fig. 7 in Geographic variation in a South American clade of mormoopid bats, Pteronotus (Phyllodia), with description of a new species

Fig. 7.—Comparison of the cranial morphology between Pteronotus rubiginosus (MHNG 1978.083) and P. alitonus sp. nov. (MHNG 1978.082) from Grotte Mathilde, French Guiana. A) Dorsal and ventral views of the skull of P. rubiginosus (left) and P. alitonus (right); B) frontal view of the skull, contrasting the sizes of the internal (I1) and external (I2) incisors in the 2 species; C) ventral view of 1st half of the palate, highlighting the form outlined by the incisors and the gap between I2 and canines in P. alitonus; D) ventral view of the basicranial region, with arrows indicating the foramina in the pterygoid canal with different sizes in the 2 species. Scale bar in top right of A = 5 mm. MHNG = Musée d'Histoire Naturelle – Genève.

Fig. 2 in Integrating multiple evidences in taxonomy: species diversity and phylogeny of mustached bats (Mormoopidae: Pteronotus)

Fig. 2. Anatomical position (dorsal, ventral and lateral views) and description of the 22 landmarks collected in the skulls of Pteronotus.

Fig. 1 in Integrating multiple evidences in taxonomy: species diversity and phylogeny of mustached bats (Mormoopidae: Pteronotus)

Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of molecular samples used in the present study. Taxonomic names displayed in the legend follow traditional classification (Smith, 1972; Simmons, 2005).

Fig. 5 in Integrating multiple evidences in taxonomy: species diversity and phylogeny of mustached bats (Mormoopidae: Pteronotus)

Fig. 5. [above] Rates of correct classification of specimens in the morphological categories defined for the DFA within Clade 1; [below] Plot of Clade 1 morphological groups scores against first two discriminant functions (DF1 and DF2).

Fig. 3 in Integrating multiple evidences in taxonomy: species diversity and phylogeny of mustached bats (Mormoopidae: Pteronotus)

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships in Pteronotus inferred from (a) five-genes and (b) complete datasets. Topologies of BI approach are presented in both cases and reflect exactly the same relationships among terminals. Symbols on the nodes represent values of bayesian posterior probabilities (bpp), ML and MP bootstraps according to the legend. For ML and MP, white = bootstrap frequencies <50% or a relation not recovered by such method; gray = 50%

Fig. 6 in Integrating multiple evidences in taxonomy: species diversity and phylogeny of mustached bats (Mormoopidae: Pteronotus)

Fig. 6. [above] Rates of correct classification of specimens in the morphological categories defined for the DFA within P. quadridens and P. macleayi (Clade 2) and P. personatus complex (Clade 3); [below] Range of DF1 values exhibited by specimens of each morphological category. Numbers above bars represent canonical scores of group means. Note that, despite their distinctiveness in DF1 axis, jackknifed classification rates of P. quadridens and P. macleayi groups were low, probably due to closer values in the group's variables means and small sample size.

Fig. 7 in Integrating multiple evidences in taxonomy: species diversity and phylogeny of mustached bats (Mormoopidae: Pteronotus)

Fig. 7. [above] Rates of correct classification of specimens in the morphological categories defined for the DFA within Clade 4; [below] Plot of Clade 4 morphological groups scores against first two discriminant functions (DF1 and DF2). Additional plots within Clade 4 are presented in Fig. S5.

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FIG. 1 in Morphometrics and Taxonomy of Bats of the Genus Pteronotus (Subgenus Phyllodia) in Venezuela

FIG. 1.—Lateral (top), dorsal (middle), and ventral (bottom) views of crania, and lateral views of mandibles, of the 3 taxa of the genus Pteronotus subgenus Phyllodia occurring in Venezuela: rubiginosus (A; MBUCV 3724), fuscus (B; CVULA 8122), paraguanensis (C; CVULA 8145).

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FIG. 5 in Morphometrics and Taxonomy of Bats of the Genus Pteronotus (Subgenus Phyllodia) in Venezuela

FIG. 5.—Dendrograms showing shape similarities among specimens of Pteronotus parnellii rubiginosus, P. parnellii fuscus, and P. p. paraguanensis according to A) craniodental and B) appendicular measurements. Dendrograms resulted from cluster analysis based on specimen scores in all components of principal components analysis, except principal component 1. Average linkage was used as an agglomerative technique and Euclidian distance as a measure of dissimilarity.