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FIGURE 3 in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 3. Cradoscrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin, 1826) n. comb. A–B, NHMUK 2012.7.1.4, Monaco; C–F, NHMUK 2012.7.1.11, Curaçao. A, Frontal surface of branches and bifurcation. B, Abfrontal surface of branch. C, Frontal surface of branches; note the absence of scuta in the entire colony. D, Frontal surface of bifurcation. E, Close-up of two zooids, one with ovicell; note the absence of scuta in ovicelled and non-ovicelled zooids. F, Abfrontal surface of colony.

FIGURE 6 in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 6. Cradoscrupocellaria tenuirostris (Osburn, 1950) n. comb. A–F, NHMUK 2010.10.5.1, California. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branches; note the ovicelled zooid and lanceolate frontal avicularia in right branch. C, Frontal surface of branch; note two ovicelled zooid and two lanceolate frontal avicularia, characteristic of this species. D, Close-up of lanceolate frontal avicularium. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.

FIGURE 15. Cradoscrupocellaria lagaaiji n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 15. Cradoscrupocellaria lagaaiji n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 1975.7.18.31, holotype, France, Mediterranean. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the gigantic frontal avicularium on the axial zooid. C, Close-up of a branch bifurcation; note the absence of a lateral avicularium. D, Close-up of a gigantic frontal avicularium. E, Close-up of a zooid; note the gigantic frontal avicularium and presence of six distal spines. F, Abfrontal surface of branch.

FIGURE 14. Cradoscrupocellaria jamaicensis n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 14. Cradoscrupocellaria jamaicensis n. sp. A–F, Uncatalogued specimen from Rio Bueno, Jamaica (type locality). A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note a zooid with trifurcated scutum at upper right. C, Close-up of a branch with ovicelled zooids. D, Close-up of two zooids; note the presence of a forked scutum in the zooid at right of the branch. E, Close-up of ovicelled zooid and one gigantic frontal avicularium. F, Abfrontal surface of branch.

FIGURE 23. Cradoscrupocellaria aegyptiana n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 23. Cradoscrupocellaria aegyptiana n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 1963.8.2.16, holotype, Alexandria, Egypt. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the joints passing across the gymnocyst in both outer zooids at the bifurcation. C, Close-up of branches; note the gigantic frontal avicularia and two ovicelled zooids. D, Close-up of gigantic frontal avicularium. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.

FIGURE 24. Cradoscrupocellaria arisaigensis n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 24. Cradoscrupocellaria arisaigensis n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 2010.12.6.1, holotype, Scotland. A, Frontal surface of colony; note the rhizoids with retroussé hooks. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the well-developed frontal scutum. C, Lateral view of branch; note the absence of a lateral avicularium. D, Close-up of axial zooid; note the position of the joints in the gymnocyst of inner and outer zooids at the bifurcation. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the rhizoids with several short-spaced retroussé hooks.

FIGURE 11. Cradoscrupocellaria gorgonensis n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 11. Cradoscrupocellaria gorgonensis n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 2010.12.6.4, holotype, Gorgona. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of two branches with ovicelled zooids. C, Close-up of a branch; note the frontal avicularium with curved rostrum. D, Close-up of frontal avicularium; note the serrated rostrum, hooked distally. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.

FIGURE 4 in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 4. Cradoscrupocellaria curacaoensis (Fransen, 1986) n. comb. A–C, NHMUK 2012.7.1.12, paratype, Curaçao. D– F, USNM 559182, Bermuda. A, Frontal surface of branch; note the forked scutum in some zooids. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note ovicelled zooids. C, Abfrontal surface of branch. D, Frontal surface of branch; note the bi- and trifurcated scuta. E, Close-up of two zooids; note the trifurcated scutum. F, Abfrontal surface of branch; note the vibracular chamber with transverse setal groove.

FIGURE 1. Scrupocellaria bellula Osburn, 1947. A–D in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 1. Scrupocellaria bellula Osburn, 1947. A–D, Uncatalogued specimen (part of AMNH 1518.1), Jamaica. A, Frontal surface of branch with ovicelled zooids. B, Close-up of two ovicelled zooids; note the branched frontal scutum and small frontal avicularium on zooids. C, Frontal surface of branch; note the presence of seven distal spines. D, Close-up of frontal surface of autozooid.

FIGURE 8. Cradoscrupocellaria calypso n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 8. Cradoscrupocellaria calypso n. sp. A–F, MNHN 15979, holotype, Recife, Brazil. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the dimorphic frontal avicularia. C, Close-up of branches; note the absence of lateral avicularia, the gigantic frontal avicularia and one ovicelled zooid. D, Close-up of gigantic frontal avicularium; note the curved rostrum. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.

FIGURE 10. Cradoscrupocellaria galapagensis n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 10. Cradoscrupocellaria galapagensis n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 2010.12.6.3, holotype, Galapagos. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation with ovicelled zooids. C, Close-up of a branch; note two ovicelled zooids at left. D, Close-up of ovicelled zooids; note the wide periopesial cryptocyst and dimorphic frontal avicularia. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.

FIGURE 19. Cradoscrupocellaria osburni n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 19. Cradoscrupocellaria osburni n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 2010.6.14.3, holotype, Panama. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note joints passing across the proximal end of the opesia in outer zooids at the bifurcation. C, Close-up of a branch bifurcation; note two diferent sizes of frontal avicularia. D, Close-up of axial zooid; note the presence of six and seven distal spines in proximal zooids. E, Abfrontal surface of colony.

FIGURE 18. Cradoscrupocellaria normani n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 18. Cradoscrupocellaria normani n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 1911.10.1.355, holotype, Madeira. A, Frontal surface of colony; note a rhizoid with some well-developed hooks at bottom right. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the regularly branched scutum. C, Close-up of a branch bifurcation; note the ovicelled zooids. D, Lateral view of gigantic frontal avicularium; note the rostrum with smooth edges. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.

FIGURE 7. Cradoscrupocellaria atlantica n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 7. Cradoscrupocellaria atlantica n. sp. A–D, MZUSP (uncatalogued specimen), part of holotype, São Paulo, Brazil. E–F, VMNH 10403.0000, Florida. A, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation. B, Close-up of branch bifurcation; note the presence of three distal spines in the axial zooid. C, Close-up of ovicelled zooid; note the small lateral and frontal avicularia. D, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation. E, Frontal surface of colony; note ovicelled zooids and the variation in size of the frontal avicularia. F, Abfrontal surface of colony.

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FIGURE 7. Scrupocellaria aegeensis Harmelin, 1969 in Preliminary account on the bryozoans of the Alboran platform (Western Mediterranean), with description of two new species

FIGURE 7. Scrupocellaria aegeensis Harmelin, 1969 (MNCN 25.03/4293). A. General view of the branch showing complete zooids and bifurcation. B. General view of a branch showing complete zooids and some vibracular setae. C. Detail of a zooid showing spines (3:2), incomplete scutum, lateral avicularium and setae from de distal and lateral zooids. D. Dorsal view showing vibracular cystid, setae directing to the frontal face of the branch, and radicular pores. Scale bars: A, B, 300 µm; C, 70 µm; D, 200 µm.

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Fig. 11. A–E. Scrupocellaria scrupea. A in Northern Adriatic Bryozoa From The Vicinity Of Rovinj, Croatia

Fig. 11. A–E. Scrupocellaria scrupea. A. Frontal surface of untreated branches (AMNH 911; 0.5 mm). B. Frontal surface of bleached branch (AMNH 912; 0.5 mm). C. Reverse surface of treated branch (AMNH 912; 0.5 mm). D. Autozooids with scutum, distal spines, and lateral avicularia (AMNH 911; 0.1 mm). E. Maternal zooids with ovicells (AMNH 913; 0.1 mm). F–J. Scrupocellaria scruposa. F. Frontal surface of untreated branches (AMNH 914; 0.5 mm). G. Frontal surface of bleached branch (AMNH 909; 0.5 mm). H. Reverse surface of treated branch (AMNH 915; 0.5 mm). I. Autozooid with distal spines, lateral avicularium, and vibraculum with seta (AMNH 916; 0.1 mm). J. Maternal zooids with ovicells (AMNH 915; 0.1 mm).

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FIGURE 29 in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 29. Cradoscrupocellaria hirsuta (Jullien & Calvet, 1903) n. comb. A–F, NHMUK 1911.10.1.386, Madeira. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch; note the presence of distolateral avicularia and very long distal spines. C, Lateral view of branch bifurcation. D, Close-up of two autozooids; note the small aquiline frontal avicularia. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the smooth rhizoids.

FIGURE 9. Cradoscrupocellaria floridana n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 9. Cradoscrupocellaria floridana n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 2010.12.6.2, holotype, Florida. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branches with ovicelled zooids. C, Close-up of a branch; note the dimorphic frontal avicularia and the ooecia with pores having raised edges. D, Close-up of ovicelled zooid and one frontal avicularium; note the forked scutum with forked, acute tips. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.

FIGURE 12. Cradoscrupocellaria hastingsae n in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 12. Cradoscrupocellaria hastingsae n. sp. A–F, NHMUK 2010.12.6.8, holotype, Galapagos. A, Frontal surface of colony. B, Frontal surface of branch bifurcation; note the joints passing across opesia in outer zooids at bifurcation. C, Close-up of a branch; note one zooid without scutum and three distalmost zooids with forked scutum. D, Close-up of zooid; note the absence of a scutum and the gigantic frontal avicularium. E, Abfrontal surface of colony. F, Abfrontal surface of branch bifurcation.

FIGURE 2 in Cradoscrupocellaria, a new bryozoan genus for Scrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin) and related species (Cheilostomata, Candidae): taxonomy, biodiversity and distribution

FIGURE 2. Cradoscrupocellaria bertholletii (Audouin, 1826) n. comb. A–C, NHMUK 1926.9.6.58, neotype, Suez Canal; D– F, NHMUK 1899.7.1.736, Mediterranean. A, Frontal surface of branches and two bifurcations. B, Frontal surface of a branch; note zooids with and without scuta. C, Close-up of an abfrontal vibraculum. D, Frontal surface of a branch bifurcation; note the presence of dimorphic frontal avicularia (gigantic on axial zooid) and two zooids with scutum. E, Close-up of an ovicelled zooid with scutum; note the small lateral avicularium. F, Abfrontal surface of branch; note the smooth surface of rhizoids.