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96 results for “Seascape”
Seascapes and foraging success: movement and resource discovery by a benthic marine herbivore
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Data from: Scale‐dependent spatial patterns in benthic communities around a tropical island seascape
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Propagule composition regulates the success of an invasive seaweed across a heterogeneous seascape
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Population and seascape genomics of a critically endangered benthic elasmobranch, the blue skate Dipturus batis
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Seascape genetics of the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis) based on mitochondrial DNA
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Data from: Geographic breaks and seascape features shape diversification in cryptobenthic reef fishes
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Data from: Seascape ecology of juvenile gadoid nursery areas
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Overturning circulation structures the microbial functional seascape of the South Pacific
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Data from: Vertical energy seascapes and diving behavior modulate metabolic scope in a pelagic predator
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Data from: Extreme seascape drives local recruitment and genetic divergence in brooding and spawning corals in remote northwest Australia
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Strong selective environments determine evolutionary outcome in time-dependent fitness seascapes
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Data from: Prevalence of pelagic dependence among coral reef predators across an atoll seascape.
1) Coral reef food webs are complex, vary spatially and remain poorly understood. Certain large predators, notably sharks, are subsidised by pelagic production on outer reef slopes, but how widespread this dependence is across all teleost fishery target species and within atolls is unclear. 2) North Malé Atoll (Maldives) includes oceanic barrier as well as lagoonal reefs. Nine fishery target predators constituting ca. 55% of the local fishery target species biomass at assumed trophic levels 3-5 were selected for analysis. Data were derived from carbon (δ13C), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulfur (δ34S) stable isotopes from predator white dorsal muscle samples, and primary consumer species representing production source end-members. 3) Three-source Bayesian stable isotope mixing models showed that uptake of pelagic production extends throughout the atoll, with predatory fishes showing equal planktonic reliance between inner and outer edge reefs. Median plankton contribution was 65-80% for all groupers and 68-88% for an emperor, a jack and snappers. 4) Lagoonal and atoll edge predators are equally at risk from anthropogenic and climate-induced changes which may impact the linkages they construct, highlighting the need for management plans that transcend the boundaries of this threatened ecosystem.
Reconciling seascape genetics and fisheries science in three co-distributed flatfishes
<p>Uncertainty hampers innovative mixed-fisheries management by the scales at which connectivity dynamics are relevant to management objectives. The spatial scale of sustainable stock management is species-specific and depends on ecology, life history and population connectivity. One valuable approach to understand these spatial scales is to determine to what extent population genetic structure correlates with the oceanographic environment. Here we compare the level of genetic connectivity in three co-distributed and commercially exploited demersal flatfish species living in the North East Atlantic Ocean. Population genetic structure was analysed based on 14, 14 and 10 neutral DNA microsatellite markers for turbot, brill and sole respectively. We then used redundancy analysis (RDA) to attribute the genetic variation to spatial (geographic location), temporal (sampling year) and oceanographic (water column characteristics) components.</p>
Combining seascape connectivity with cumulative impact assessment in support of ecosystem-based marine spatial planning
<p>1. Cumulative impact assessment (CIA) is a promising approach to guide marine spatial planning (MSP) and management. One limitation of CIA is the neglect of seascape connectivity, which may spread the impact of localised pressures to ambient areas, e.g. through lost dispersal and recruitment of organisms.</p> <p>2. We here, for the first time, incorporate seascape connectivity into a traditional CIA model using a connectivity matrix, exemplified by dispersal of propagules estimated through biophysical modelling. Two <i>connectivity impacts</i>are identified: the <i>source impact</i> represents downstream areas losing recruits because of reduced larval dispersal from sites affected by the pressure, and the <i>sink impact</i> represents loss of recruits originating from upstream areas prevented from settlement in the site affected by the local pressure.</p> <p>3. By including seascape connectivity into the Swedish MSP-guiding CIA tool Symphony we demonstrate how to practically account for remote effects of local environmental impact. Our example on blue mussel shows how reducing mussel fitness in a given area may have impacts on mussels far from the acting pressures. Overall, results indicate that connectivity impact for blue mussels plays a minor role in most areas, less than 10% of the ordinary cumulative impact. However, in some smaller areas, e.g. on offshore banks and the Danish Straits, seascape connectivity may increase ordinary cumulative impact with 20-30%. In an example of scenario-based CIA analyses of MSP projections, we demonstrate how impacts of particular management actions, e.g. shipping rerouting and wind power developments, can be tracked far from the original area of influence.</p> <p>4. Depending on the dispersal ability of ecosystem components, a local pressure may impact a considerable area through seascape connectivity, transgressing management units and national borders. Although the mean connectivity impact may be modest for a single ecosystem component, the consideration of seascape connectivity across multiple ecosystem components may significantly alter the mapping of cumulative impact and the assessment of different MSP scenarios.</p> <p>5. Synthesis and applications.<span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> Our extension of Cumulative Impact Assessment offers a new method for mapping and practically integrating seascape connectivity with ecosystem-based MSP and other spatial instruments for policy making, such as marine protected areas.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data from: A review of seascape complexity indices and their performance in coral and rocky reefs
<p>Seascape complexity is an important driver of ecological processes in marine systems. Today, high resolution, multiscale bathymetric data is being collected due to rapid advances in marine technologies and image processing, drastically improving the detailed mapping of the physical structure of the seascape. However, these data are rarely synthesized to create comprehensive complexity estimates, and complexity is still mostly measured using a small set of simple indices. The aims of this study are to: (1) review existing seascape complexity indices and propose innovative indices designed to capture the marine organism perspective, (2) quantify the interrelationships among these complexity indices; (3) test the performance of these indices in explaining fish assemblage structure; and (4) provide R code to easily reproduce the indices. Seascape bottom topography for this study was quantified using digital depth recordings along transects in Mediterranean subtropical rocky reefs and Red Sea tropical coral reefs. These were used to generate complexity indices that were then compared to visually surveyed fish assemblages. We found that several common indices captured similar complexity facets, while an innovative family of structural diversity indices, representing the diversity of physical elements, captured distinct complexity facets not represented by existing indices. No single index was consistently superior; however, vertical relief was consistently included as a top predictor of fish assemblage structure. Interestingly, the most commonly used index, rugosity, was a poor predictor. We suggest a new, distinct set of structural diversity indices that may explain considerable variation in fish assemblages.<span> The</span> results suggest that several indices may need to be combined to capture the full influence of complexity on marine diversity and caution against the use of a single 'universal' index. While bathymetric data is increasingly being collected at high resolutions and increasing scales, synthesizing this data requires the use of appropriate complexity indices. The guidelines and recommendations presented here, along with the <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4393340">supplemental R code</a>, will facilitate progress towards a more complete representation of different complexity facets.</p>
Data from: Herbivore control in connected seascapes: habitat determines when population regulation occurs in the life history of a key herbivore
Herbivore outbreaks often trigger catastrophic overgrazing events in marine macrophyte ecosystems. The sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, the dominant herbivore of shallow Mediterranean seascapes, is capable of precipitating shifts to barrens when its populations explode. P. lividus is found ubiquitously in rocky macroalgal communities and in sandy seagrass meadows of Posidonia oceanica, two of the most important subtidal habitats in the Mediterranean. We explored if habitat-specific regulation across the principal stages of the urchin life cycle could help explain the persistence of these populations in connected mosaics. We measured each of three relevant ecological process (i.e. settlement, post-settlement survival and predation) across a wide stretch of the Mediterranean coast (ca. 600km). Our results show that habitat-specific regulation is critical in determining urchin populations: each habitat limited urchin sub-populations at different life stages. Settlement was never limiting; urchins settled at similar rates in both habitats across the coast. Post-settlement survival was a clear bottleneck, particularly in seagrass meadows where no juvenile urchins were recorded. Despite this bottleneck in seagrasses, adult urchin populations were very similar in both seagrass and macroalgal habitats indicating that other processes (potentially migration) could be key in determining adult distributions across the mosaic. The fact that population regulation is clearly habitat-specific suggests that sea urchin populations may be significantly buffered from bottlenecks in mixed seascapes where both habitats co-occur. Sea urchin populations can therefore persist across the seascape despite strong habitat-specific regulation either by maintaining reproductive output in one habitat or by migrating between them. By affording these regulatory escapes to habitat-modifying species, patchy mosaics may be much more prone to herbivore outbreaks and a host of cascading effects that come in their wake.
Data from: Seascape genomics reveals adaptive divergence in a connected and commercially important mollusc, the greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata), along a longitudinal environmental gradient
Populations of broadcast spawning marine organisms often have large sizes and are exposed to reduced genetic drift. Under such scenarios, strong selection associated with spatial environmental heterogeneity is expected to drive localized adaptive divergence, even in the face of connectivity. We tested this hypothesis using a seascape genomics approach in the commercially important greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata). We assessed how its population structure has been influenced by environmental heterogeneity along a zonal coastal boundary in southern Australia linked by strong oceanographic connectivity. Our datasets include 9,109 filtered SNPs for 371 abalones from 13 localities and environmental mapping across ~800 km. Genotype-environment association analyses and outlier tests defined 8,786 putatively neutral and 323 candidate adaptive loci. From a neutral perspective, the species is better represented by a metapopulation with very low differentiation (global FST=0.0081) and weak isolation by distance following a stepping stone model. For the candidate adaptive loci, however, model-based and model-free approaches indicated five divergent population clusters. After controlling for spatial distance, the distribution of putatively adaptive variation was strongly correlated to selection linked to minimum sea surface temperature and oxygen concentration. Around 80 candidates were annotated to genes with functions related to high temperature and/or low oxygen tolerance, including genes that influence the resilience of abalone species found in other biogeographic regions. Our study includes a documented example about the uptake of genomic information in fisheries management and supports the hypothesis of adaptive divergence due to coastal environmental heterogeneity in a connected metapopulation of a broadcast spawner.
Data from: Geographic isolation and larval dispersal shape seascape genetic patterns differently according to spatial scale
Genetic variation, as a basis of evolutionary change, allows species to adapt and persist in different climates and environments. Yet, a comprehensive assessment of the drivers of genetic variation at different spatial scales is still missing in marine ecosystems. Here, we investigated the influence of environment, geographic isolation, and larval dispersal on the variation in allele frequencies, using an extensive spatial sampling (47 locations) of the striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus) in the Mediterranean Sea. Univariate multiple regressions were used to test the influence of environment (salinity and temperature), geographic isolation, and larval dispersal on Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) allele frequencies. We used Moran's Eigenvector Maps (db-MEMs) and Asymmetric Eigenvector Maps (AEMs) to decompose geographic and dispersal distances in predictors representing different spatial scales. We found that salinity and temperature had only a weak effect on the variation in allele frequencies. Our results revealed the predominance of geographic isolation to explain variation in allele frequencies at large spatial scale (> 1,000km) while larval dispersal was the major predictor at smaller spatial scale (< 1,000km). Our findings stress the importance of including spatial scales to understand the drivers of spatial genetic variation. We suggest that larval dispersal allows to maintain gene flows at small to intermediate scale, while at broad scale, genetic variation may be mostly shaped by adult mobility, demographic history or multi-generational stepping stone dispersal. These findings bring out important spatial scale considerations to account for in the design of a protected areas network that would efficiently enhance protection and persistence capacity of marine species.
Data from: Seascape genetics and biophysical connectivity modelling support conservation of the seagrass Zostera marina in the Skagerrak-Kattegat region of the eastern North Sea
Maintaining and enabling evolutionary processes within meta-populations is critical to resistance, resilience and adaptive potential. Knowledge about which populations act as sources or sinks, and the direction of gene flow, can help to focus conservation efforts more effectively and forecast how populations might respond to future anthropogenic and environmental pressures. As a foundation species and habitat provider, Zostera marina (eelgrass) is of critical importance to ecosystem functions including fisheries. Here we estimate connectivity of Z. marina in the Skagerrak-Kattegat region of the North Sea based on genetic and biophysical modelling. Genetic diversity, population structure and migration were analysed at 23 locations using 20 microsatellite loci and a suite of analytical approaches. Oceanographic connectivity was analysed using Lagrangian dispersal simulations based on contemporary and historical distribution data dating back to the late 19th century. Population clusters, barriers and networks of connectivity were found to be very similar based on either genetic or oceanographic analyses. A single-generation model of dispersal was not realistic, whereas multi-generation models that integrate stepping-stone dispersal and extant and historic distribution data were able to capture and model genetic connectivity patterns well. Passive rafting of flowering shoots along oceanographic currents is the main driver of gene flow at this spatial-temporal scale and extant genetic connectivity strongly reflects the "ghost of dispersal past" sensu Benzie 1999. The identification of distinct clusters, connectivity hotspots and areas where connectivity has become limited over the last century is critical information for spatial management, conservation and restoration of eelgrass.
Data from: Seascape continuity plays an important role in determining patterns of spatial genetic structure in a coral reef fish
Detecting patterns of spatial genetic structure (SGS) can help identify intrinsic and extrinsic barriers to gene flow within metapopulations. For marine organisms such as coral reef fishes, identifying these barriers is critical to predicting evolutionary dynamics and demarcating evolutionarily significant units for conservation. In this study, we adopted an alternative hypothesis-testing framework to identify the patterns and predictors of SGS in the Caribbean reef fish Elacatinus lori. First, genetic structure was estimated using nuclear microsatellites and mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences. Next, clustering and network analyses were applied to visualize patterns of SGS. Finally, logistic regressions and linear mixed models were used to identify the predictors of SGS. Both sets of markers revealed low global structure: mitochondrial ΦST = 0.12, microsatellite FST = 0.0056. However, there was high variability among pairwise estimates, ranging from no differentiation between sites on contiguous reef (ΦST = 0) to strong differentiation between sites separated by ocean expanses ≥ 20 km (maximum ΦST = 0.65). Genetic clustering and statistical analyses provided additional support for the hypothesis that seascape discontinuity, represented by oceanic breaks between patches of reef habitat, is a key predictor of SGS in E. lori. Notably, the estimated patterns and predictors of SGS were consistent between both sets of markers. Combined with previous studies of dispersal in E. lori, these results suggest that the interaction between seascape continuity and the dispersal kernel plays an important role in determining genetic connectivity within metapopulations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.