Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
80
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
80 results for “Sexual dichromatism”
Data from: The role of sexual and natural selection in shaping patterns of sexual dichromatism in the largest family of songbirds (Aves: Thraupidae)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Camouflage, conspicuousness, and inducible color change in a polymorphic, sexually dichromatic frog
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Sexual Dichromatism is Decoupled from Diversification Over Deep Time in Fishes
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Background matching, disruptive coloration and differential use of microhabitats in two neotropical grasshoppers with sexual dichromatism
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Mite load predicts the quality of sexual color and locomotor performance in a sexually dichromatic lizard
Since Darwin, the maintenance of bright sexual colors has recurrently been linked to mate preference. However, the mechanisms underpinning such preferences for bright colors would not be resolved for another century. Likely, the idea of selection for colors that could decrease the chances of survival (e.g. flashy colors that can inadvertently attract predators) was perceived as counterintuitive. It is now widely-accepted that these extreme colors often communicate to mates the ability to survive despite a 'handicap' and act as honest signals of individual quality when they are correlated with the quality of other traits that are directly linked to individual fitness. Sexual colors in males are frequently perceived as indicators of infection resistance, in particular. Still, there remains considerable discord among studies attempting to parse the relationships between the variables associating sexual color and infection resistance, such as habitat type and body size. This discord may arise from complex interactions between these variables. Here, we ask if sexual color in male Florida scrub lizards (Sceloporus woodi) is an honest signal of resistance to chigger mite infection. To this end, we use linear modeling to explore relationships between mite load, different components of sexual color, ecological performance, body size, and habitat type. Our data show that that the brightness of sexual color in scrub lizards is negatively associated with the interaction between mite load and body size, and scrub lizards suffer decreased endurance capacity with increases in mite load. Our data also indicate that mite load, performance, and sexual color in male scrub lizards can vary between habitat types. Collectively these results suggest that sexual color in scrub lizards is an honest indicator of individual quality and further underscore the importance of considering multiple factors when testing hypotheses related to the maintenance of sexual color.
Interpopulation variation in sexual dichromatism in the neotropical grasshopper Sphenarium purpurascens (Orthoptera: pyrgomorphidae).
<p>Cryptic coloration is an adaptative defensive mechanism against predators. Color patterns can become cryptic through background coloration-matching and disruptive coloration. Disruptive coloration may evolve in visually heterogeneous microhabitats, whereas background matching could be favored in chromatically homogeneous microhabitats. In this work, we used digital photography to explore the potential use of disruptive coloration and background matching in males and females of the neotropical grasshopper <em>Sphenarium purpurascens</em> in different habitats. We found chromatic differences in the three habitats and sexual dichromatism that may be explained by local adaptation. Even though females and males are sexually dichromatic, there are interpopulation differences in the magnitude of the sexual dichromatism. In an environment highly contrasting, but visually homogeneous, both males and females seem to follow mainly a disruptive strategy, whereas in highly contrasting and heterogeneous environments males and females seem to follow different color cryptic strategies, males are more disruptive than females. In contrast, females have a high background matching with less disruptive elements. The predators’ selective pressures in different microhabitats and the differences in mobility between sexes may explain the color pattern divergence between females and males.</p>
Male-biased sexual selection, but not sexual dichromatism, predicts speciation in birds
<p>Sexual selection is thought to shape phylogenetic diversity by affecting speciation or extinction rates. However, the net effect of sexual selection on diversification is hard to predict, because many of the hypothesised effects on speciation or extinction have opposing signs and uncertain magnitudes. Theoretical work also suggests that the net effect of sexual selection on diversification should depend strongly on ecological factors, though this prediction has seldom been tested. Here, we test whether variation in sexual selection can predict speciation and extinction rates across passerine birds (up to 5,812 species, covering most genera) and whether this relationship is mediated by environmental factors. Male-biased sexual selection, and specifically sexual size dimorphism, predicted two of the three measures of speciation rates that we examined. The link we observed between sexual selection and speciation was independent of environmental variability, though species with smaller ranges had higher speciation rates. There was no association between any proxies of sexual selection and extinction rate. Our findings support the view that male-biased sexual selection, as measured by frequent predictors of male-male competition, has shaped diversification in the largest radiation of birds.</p>
Data from: The bright incubate at night: sexual dichromatism and adaptive incubation division in an open-nesting shorebird
Ornamentation of parents poses a high risk for offspring because it reduces cryptic nest defence. Over a century ago, Wallace proposed that sexual dichromatism enhances crypsis of open-nesting females although subsequent studies found that dichromatism per se is not necessarily adaptive. We tested whether reduced female ornamentation in a sexually dichromatic species reduces the risk of clutch depredation and leads to adaptive parental roles in the red-capped plover Charadrius ruficapillus, a species with biparental incubation. Males had significantly brighter and redder head coloration than females. During daytime, when visually foraging predators are active, colour-matched model males incurred a higher risk of clutch depredation than females, whereas at night there was no difference in depredation risk between sexes. In turn, red-capped plovers maintained a strongly diurnal/nocturnal division of parental care during incubation, with males attending the nest largely at night when visual predators were inactive and females incubating during the day. We found support for Wallace's conclusion that reduced female ornamentation provides a selective advantage when reproductive success is threatened by visually foraging predators. We conclude that predators may alter their prey's parental care patterns and therefore may affect parental cooperation during care.
Data from: Recent speciation and elevated Z-chromosome differentiation between sexually monochromatic and dichromatic species of Australian teals
Sex chromosomes potentially have an important role in speciation and often have elevated differentiation between closely related species. In birds, traits associated with male plumage, female mate preference, and hybrid fitness have been linked to the Z-chromosome (females are heterogametic, ZW). We tested for elevated Z-differentiation between two recently diverged species of Australian ducks, the sexually monochromatic grey teal Anas gracilis and the dichromatic chestnut teal A. castanea. Despite prominent morphological differences, these two species are genetically indistinguishable at both mitochondrial DNA (mean ΦST < 0.0001) and 17 autosomal loci (mean ΦST = 0.0056). However, we detected elevated Z-differentiation (mean ΦST = 0.281) and tentative evidence of an island of differentiation on the Z-chromosome. This elevated differentiation was explained by a high frequency of derived alleles in chestnut teal that were absent in grey teal, which parallels independent evidence for a gain in dichromatism from a monochromatic ancestor. Coalescent estimates of demographic history and simulations indicated that the elevated Z-differentiation was unlikely to be explained by neutral processes, but instead supported a role of divergent selection. We discuss evidence for models of speciation with gene flow versus adaptive divergence in the absence of gene flow and find that both hypotheses are plausible explanations of the data. Overall, these teal have the weakest background differentiation documented to date for a species showing a large Z-effect, and they are an excellent model species for studying speciation genomics and the evolution of sexual dichromatism.
Data from: Multiple origins of sexual dichromatism and aposematism within large carpenter bees
The evolution of reversed sexual dichromatism and aposematic coloration have long been of interest to both theoreticians and empiricists. Yet despite the potential connections between these phenomena, they have seldom been jointly studied. Large carpenter bees (genus Xylocopa) are a promising group for such comparative investigations as they are a diverse clade in which both aposematism and reversed sexual dichromatism can occur either together or separately. We investigated the evolutionary history of dichromatism and aposematism and a potential correlation of these traits with diversification rates within Xylocopa, using a newly-generated phylogeny for 179 Xylocopa species based on ultraconserved elements (UCEs). A monochromatic, inconspicuous ancestor is indicated for the genus, with subsequent convergent evolution of sexual dichromatism and aposematism in multiple lineages. Aposematism is found to co-vary with reversed sexual dichromatism in many species; however, reversed dichromatism also evolved in non-aposematic species. Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Models (BAMM) did not show increased diversification in any specific clade in Xylocopa, whereas support from Hidden State Speciation and Extinction (HiSSE) models remained inconclusive regarding an association of increased diversification rates with dichromatism or aposematism. We discuss the evolution of color patterns and diversification in Xylocopa by considering potential drivers of dichromatism and aposematism.
Data from: Reduced sexual dichromatism, mutual ornamentation, and individual quality in the monogamous Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita
Although variation in plumage coloration is known to occur both between and within sexes, its study remains limited to a few bird families. The Zenaida dove, Zenaida aurita, is a socially monogamous tropical columbid bird species, characterized by an overall cinnamon-brownish plumage and structural colorations on the head and neck. The species has been described as sexually dichromatic for plumage, although color differences between males and females are not obvious in the field. We investigated variation in the presumably melanin-based color of the crown, mantle, breast, and belly, in the iridescent dark-blue streaks on the head, and in the symmetric iridescent patches on the neck, over the whole spectrum visible to birds. Further, unlike most previous studies, we assessed covariation between plumage color and phenotypic traits in both males and females in relation to the putative signaling function of ornaments. Zenaida doves appeared to be slightly sexually dichromatic for the hue of pigment-based colored areas, with males being on average more reddish than females. However, this difference was not discernible when considering the avian visual system. Conversely, although the reflectance spectra of iridescent plumage did not significantly differ between sexes in brightness, chroma or spectral position of the peaks, color discrimination analyses showed that individuals should be able to perceive between- or within-sex differences in the color of the iridescent patch. In addition, several color parameters of brown and iridescent feathers were significantly related to territorial status, body condition, wing chord, and, albeit weakly, to individual multilocus heterozygosity. Overall, our results thus suggest that plumage color might be a reliable signal of quality in individuals of both sexes in this species. Further studies are needed to test the potential implication of plumage coloration in mate choice and mating patterns in the Zenaida Dove.
FIGURE 2 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela
FIGURE 2. Details of dorsal (a), lateral (b), and ventral (c) views of the head of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype, MHNLS 19116). Scale bar represents 2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela
FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype MHNLS 19116), showing clusters of enlarged, conical to spinelike scales on the flanks of neck and trunk. White arrows indicate the clusters of scales magnified in upper right and lower left frames.
FIGURE 5 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela
FIGURE 5. Variation on dorsal (a) and ventral (b) color pattern of the type series of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.; a: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19109 and 19110; b: from left to right, female paratypes MHNLS 19107 and 19111, and male paratypes MHNLS 19110 and 19109. Note the absence of sexual dichromatism in both views.
FIGURE 1 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela
FIGURE 1. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov.: a. Male holotype (MHNLS 19116); b. Female paratype (MHNLS 19107).
FIGURE 4 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela
FIGURE 4. Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. (male holotype, MHNLS 19116): a. Ventral view showing escutcheon areas on posterior part of belly and undersurface of thighs; b. Detail of subcaudal scale pattern; c. Ventral view of left hand (scale bar represent 1 mm); d. Ventral view of left foot (scale bar represents 2 mm).
FIGURE 7. a in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela
FIGURE 7. a: General view of the Manastara valley in the Sierra de Perijá, estado Zulia, Venezuela, area where Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. inhabits; b–c: views of the Manastara community and the microhabitat where five specimens of the type series were collected.
FIGURE 6 in A new non-sexually dichromatic species of the genus Gonatodes (Sauria: Sphaerodactylidae) from Sierra de Perijá, Venezuela
FIGURE 6. Map of NW Venezuela showing major physiographic elements: Maracaibo Lake, and Sierra de Perijá to the west. Type locality of Gonatodes lichenosus sp. nov. is shown by a white circle.
FIGURE 2. Boraras maculatus, BMNH 1985.12.18 in Boraras naevus, a new species of miniature and sexually dichromatic freshwater fish from peninsular Thailand (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 2. Boraras maculatus, BMNH 1985.12.18:8-9, Malaysia: Kelantan: Ayer Hitam. Above. Male, 12.9 mm SL. Below. Female, 15.0 mm SL.
FIGURE 1 in Boraras naevus, a new species of miniature and sexually dichromatic freshwater fish from peninsular Thailand (Ostariophysi: Cyprinidae)
FIGURE 1. Boraras naevus, Thailand: Surat Thani Province. Above. ZRC 53120, holotype, male, 10.6 mm SL. Below. CMK 16459, paratype, female, 11.7 mm SL.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.