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39 results for “Social transmission”
Data from: Individual differences in boldness influence patterns of social interactions and the transmission of cuticular bacteria among group-mates
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Data from: Social network analysis shows direct evidence for social transmission of tool use in wild chimpanzees.
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Data from: Social transmission of information about a mutualist via trophallaxis in ant colonies
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Data from: Social transmission of tool use and tool manufacture in Goffin cockatoos (Cacatua goffini)
Tool use can be inherited, or acquired as an individual innovation or by social transmission. Having previously reported individual innovative tool use and manufacture by a Goffin cockatoo, we used the innovator (Figaro, a male) as a demonstrator to investigate social transmission. Twelve Goffins saw either demonstrations by Figaro, or 'ghost' controls where tools and/or food were manipulated using magnets. Subjects observing demonstrations showed greater tool-related performance than ghost controls, with all three males in this group (but not the three females) acquiring tool-using competence. Two of these three males further acquired tool-manufacturing competence. As the actions of successful observers differed from those of the demonstrator, result emulation rather than high-fidelity imitation is the most plausible transmission mechanism.
Data from: Host social behavior decreases exposure to vector-borne disease: a field experiment in a "hotspot" of West Nile virus transmission
Animals can decrease their individual risk of predation by forming groups. The encounter-dilution hypothesis extends the potential benefits of gregariousness to biting insects and vector-borne disease by predicting that the per capita number of insect bites should decrease within larger host groups. Although vector-borne diseases are common and can exert strong selective pressures on hosts, there have been few tests of the encounter-dilution effect in natural systems. We conducted an experimental test of the encounter-dilution hypothesis using the American robin (Turdus migratorius), a common host species for the West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne pathogen. By using sentinel hosts (house sparrows, Passer domesticus) caged in naturally occurring communal roosts in the suburbs of Chicago, we assessed sentinel host risk of WNV exposure inside and outside of roosts. We also estimated per capita host exposure to infected vectors inside roosts and outside of roosts. Sentinel birds caged inside roosts seroconverted to WNV more slowly than those outside of roosts, suggesting that social groups decrease per capita exposure to infected mosquitoes. These results therefore support the encounter-dilution hypothesis in a vector-borne disease system. Our results suggest that disease-related selective pressures on sociality may depend on the mode of disease transmission.
Data from: Pathways of information transmission amongst wild songbirds follow experimentally imposed changes in social foraging structure
Animals regularly use information from others to shape their decisions. Yet, determining how changes in social structure affect information flow and social learning strategies has remained challenging. We manipulated the social structure of a large community of wild songbirds by controlling which individuals could feed together at automated feeding stations (selective feeders). We then provided novel ephemeral food patches freely accessible to all birds and recorded the spread of this new information. We demonstrate that the discovery of new food patches followed the experimentally imposed social structure and that birds disproportionately learnt from those whom they could forage with at the selective feeders. The selective feeders reduced the number of conspecific information sources available and birds subsequently increased their use of information provided by heterospecifics. Our study demonstrates that changes to social systems carry over into pathways of information transfer and that individuals learn from tutors that provide relevant information in other contexts.
Social group size influences pathogen transmission in salamanders
<p>Individuals within animal societies are expected to mitigate the costs and enhance the benefits associated with group living. For example, sociality can facilitate the sharing of beneficial microbes among individuals, but can also increase transmission of pathogens, representing a major cost of group living. We examine the costs of sociality in the California slender salamander (<i>Batrachoseps attenuatus), </i>a terrestrial salamander which naturally forms close social aggregations. We investigate whether innate sociality (e.g., skin-to-skin contact) increases an individual's transmission risk of <i>Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis</i> (<i>Bd)</i>, a fungal pathogen that emerged throughout the salamander's range over the last 50 years and has decimated hundreds of amphibian species globally<i>.</i> We found that in captivity, <i>B. attenuatus</i> exhibit random mixing within social groups, resulting in high contact rates and high potential for <i>Bd</i> transmission. Our experimental infection trials resulted in 50% mortality after one month in moist conditions. In order to test how group size affects pathogen transmission, we manipulated social group size and found a marked effect on the spread <i>Bd</i> among individuals; a single, uninfected individual contracted <i>Bd</i> much more rapidly in larger groups of infected individuals. Surprisingly, this did not translate into a more rapid death rate or higher pathogen infection loads. Our results show that the innate behavior of group formation represents a per-individual risk of socially acquired directly transmissible pathogens and is magnified in larger social groups. This study highlights one important cost of sociality in terrestrial salamanders and underscores the general susceptibility of social animals to novel invasive pathogens.</p>
Data associated with Balasubramaniam, Beisner et al. (PeerJ, 2016): "Social buffering and contact transmission: Network connections have beneficial and detrimental effects on Shigella infection risk among captive rhesus macaques"
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Data from: Social transmission of tool use and tool manufacture in Goffin cockatoos (Cacatua goffini)
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Data from: Pathways of information transmission amongst wild songbirds follow experimentally imposed changes in social foraging structure
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Social group size influences pathogen transmission in salamanders
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Data from: Host social behavior decreases exposure to vector-borne disease: a field experiment in a “hotspot” of West Nile virus transmission
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Data from: Personality composition alters the transmission of cuticular bacteria in social groups
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Data from: Ecology of information: social transmission dynamics within groups of non-social insects
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The modularity of a social group does not affect the transmission speed of a novel, socially learned behaviour, or the formation of local variants
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Data from: Social structure contains epidemics and regulates individual roles in disease transmission in a group-living mammal
Population structure is critical to infectious disease transmission. As a result, theoretical and empirical contact networks models of infectious disease spread are increasingly providing valuable insights into wildlife epidemiology. Analysing an exceptionally detailed data set on contact structure within a high-density population of European badgers Meles meles, we show that a modular contact network produced by spatially structured stable social groups, lead to smaller epidemics, particularly for infections with intermediate transmissibility. The key advance is that we identify considerable variation among individuals in their role in disease spread, with these new insights made possible by the detail in the badger data set. Furthermore, the important impacts on epidemiology are found even though the modularity of the badger network is much lower than the threshold that previous work suggested was necessary. These findings reveal the importance of stable social group structure for disease dynamics with important management implications for socially-structured populations.
Data for research paper: Social transmission along multiple pathways promotes information fidelity and reduces divisiveness
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Data from: Social structure contains epidemics and regulates individual roles in disease transmission in a group-living mammal
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GPR158 in pyramidal neurons mediates social novelty behavior via modulating synaptic transmission in male mice
GEO Series GSE276304. Mus musculus. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.