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Figure 4. Paraprionospio alata, holotype. A, setigers 23–25 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 4. Paraprionospio alata, holotype. A, setigers 23–25, in dorso-lateral view; B, anterior end, in lateral view.

Figure 17 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 17. Paraprionospio pinnata collected from Concepciòn. A, 1st lamella from the base of left branchia on setiger 1 in cross-section, seen from top; B, 3rd lamella of the same branchia in cross-section, seen from top; C, middle region of the same branchia in cross-section, seen from top; D, middle region of the same branchia in cross-section, seen from the side; E, distal end of the same branchia, seen from top; F, distal end of the same branchia, seen from the side; G, 1st parapodium, in anterior view; H 3rd parapodium, in anterior view; I, 5th parapodium, in anterior view; J, 7th parapodium, in anterior view; K, 9th parapodium, in anterior view; L, 15th parapodium, in anterior view; M, 47th parapodium, in anterior view; N, 73rd parapodium, in anterior view.

Figure 2. Paraprionospio alata collected from Chesapeake Bay. A, 1 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 2. Paraprionospio alata collected from Chesapeake Bay. A, 1st lamella from the base of right branchia on setiger 1 in cross-section, seen from top; B, 2nd lamella of the same branchia in cross-section, seen from top; C, 5th lamella of the same branchia in cross-section, seen from top; D, middle region of the same branchia in cross-section, seen from top; E, distal region of the same branchia in cross-section, seen from top; F, distal end of the same branchia, seen from the side; G, 1st parapodium, in anterior view; H, 2nd parapodium, in anterior view; I, 3rd parapodium, in anterior view; J, 4th parapodium, in anterior view; K, 5th parapodium, in anterior view; L, 6th parapodium, in anterior view; M, 7th parapodium, in anterior view; N, 8th parapodium, in anterior view; O, 9th parapodium, in anterior view; P, 15th parapodium, in anterior view; Q, 36th parapodium, in anterior view.

Figure 1. Paraprionospio africana, paratypes. A in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 1. Paraprionospio africana, paratypes. A, anterior end, in lateral view, seen from upper left (v.1559), capillaries and hooded hooks are omitted; B, anterior end, in dorsal view (v.1566).

Figure 3. Paraprionospio alata collected from Chesapeake Bay. A, neuropodial limbate capillary from setiger 8 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 3. Paraprionospio alata collected from Chesapeake Bay. A, neuropodial limbate capillary from setiger 8; B, neuropodial hooded hook from setiger 11; C, neuropodial non-limbate capillary from setiger 9; D, sabre seta from setiger 11; E, notopodial hooded hook from posterior fragment.

Figure 9 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 9. Paraprionospio cordifolia sp. nov., holotype. A, anterior end, in ventro-lateral view; B, anterior end, in ventro-lateral view, seen from upper left; C, right branchia on setiger 1, seen from the inner side; D, setigers 12–15, in dorsolateral view; E, setigers 20–22, in dorso-lateral view; F, 56th parapodium, in anterior view; G, neuropodial hooded hook from setiger 56; H, notopodial hooded hook from setiger 56; I, posterior end, in ventral view.

Figure 12. Paraprionospio lamellibranchia, holotype. A in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 12. Paraprionospio lamellibranchia, holotype. A, anterior end, in lateral view; B, anterior end, in dorsal view; C, neuropodial hooded hook from setiger 11; D, neuropodial limbate capillary from setiger 9; E, neuropodial non-limbate capillary from setiger 10.

Figure 8. Paraprionospio coora. A in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 8. Paraprionospio coora. A, anterior end, in lateral view, seen from upper right; B, right parapodium and branchia on setiger 1, seen from the outer side; C, right branchia on setiger 1 seen from the inner side; D, setigers 15–18, in dorsolateral view; E, 59th parapodium, in anterior view; F, neuropodial hooded hook from setiger 59; G, notopodial hooded hook from setiger 59; H, posterior end, in ventral view.

Figure 11 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 11. Paraprionospio inaequibranchia, reported as Paraprionospio lamellibranchia by Hartman (1975). The specimen was collected from Station RH33 in Kakinada Bay, India. A, anterior end, in lateral view; B, setigers 24–26, in lateral view, showing interparapodial pouches, membranous dorsal crests and semi-transparent dorsal cuticles; C, neuropodial hooded hook from setiger 22; D, anterior end, in ventral view.

Figure 16 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 16. Paraprionospio pinnata collected from Concepciòn. A, anterior end, in lateral view; B, anterior end in dorsal view; C, setigers 20–22, in dorso-lateral view; D, posterior end, in ventral view.

Figure 15 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 15. Paraprionospio patiens sp. nov., holotype. A, 9th parapodium, in anterior view; B, 53rd parapodium, in anterior view; C, neuropodial hooded hook from setiger 9; D, neuropodial limbate capillary from setiger 9; E, neuropodial non-limbate capillary from setiger 53; F, notopodial hooded hook from setiger 53.

Figure 19 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 19. Most parsimonious tree based on the matrix in Table 2, showing character transformations and four main clades (A–D) within the genus Paraprionospio. Numerals to the left of symbols indicate characters in Table 1. Character transformations are shown as numerals connected with a hyphen to the right of symbols (character states before and after transformation; see Table 1 for character states).

Figure 18 in A revision of the genus Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta: Spionidae)

Figure 18. Paraprionospio pinnata collected from Concepciòn. A, Notopodial limbate capillary from setiger 3; B, neuropodial hooded hook from setiger 36; C, neuropodial non-limbate capillary from setiger 9; D, sabre seta from setiger 13; E, notopodial hooded hook from setiger 36.

Fig. 21 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 21. Chaetal morphology of Pseudopolydora multispinosa sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 40906, formalin-fixed and stained with MG). A. Parapodia of chaetiger 5. B–C. Notopodial spines of chaetiger 5. D. Neuropodium of chaetiger 12, showing glandular cells intensely stained with MG around a series of hooded hooks. E. Hooded hooks from neuropodium of chaetiger 12. Abbreviations: arrow showing the direction towards the inside of the U-shaped row of spines; no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A = 50 µm; B–E = 20 µm.

Fig. 19 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 19. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora melanopalpa sp. nov. (formalin-fixed and stained with MG specimens, MIMB 40909). A. Parapodia of chaetiger 5. B. Anterior-row spines of chaetiger 5, view from the outside of the U-shaped spine row.C. Posterior-row falcate spine of chaetiger 5, lateral view. D. Notopodial spines of chaetiger 5, lateral view. E. Neuropodium of chaetiger 10, showing glandular pouch associated with a series of hooded hooks. F. Hooded hooks from middle neuropodium. G. Small previtellogenic oocyte on a genital blood vessel. Abbreviations: arrows showing the direction towards the inside of the U-shaped row of spines; bv = genital blood vessel; gp = glandular pouch; ne = neuropodial postchaetal lamella; oo = oocyte; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A, E = 50 µm; B–D, F–G = 20 µm.

Fig. 18 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 18. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora melanopalpa sp. nov. (formalin-fixed and stained with MG specimens, MIMB 40909). A–C. Anterior ends, dorsal (A), ventral (B), and left lateral (C) view. D. Middle chaetigers, left lateral view. E. Chaetigers 7–14, dorsal view. F–G. Middle chaetigers, dorsal view. Abbreviations: ch5, ch13 = chaetigers 5 and 13; ne = nephridia in female fertile chaetigers; oc = occipital antenna; po = nephridiopore. Scale bars = 200 µm.

Fig. 17 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 17. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora melanopalpa sp. nov. (formalin-fixed and stained with MG specimens). A. Holotype (MIMB 40908). B–E. Paratypes (MIMB 40909). A–E. Anterior ends, left lateral (A–B), dorsal (C–D), and ventral (E) view. Abbreviations: ch5 = chaetiger 5; la = lateral peristomial lip; pr = prostomium; ve = ventral peristomial lip. Scale bars = 200 µm.

Fig. 15 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 15. Chaetal and gamete morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. (live individuals, MIMB 40713). A. Notopodia of chaetigers 8 and 9, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. B. Notopodium of chaetiger 10, showing pennoned capillaries in the anterior row of notochaetae. C. Chaetae of chaetiger 5. D. A series of hooded hooks and glandular pouch from neuropodium of chaetiger 10. E. A series of hooded hooks from a posterior neuropodium. F. Female fertile chaetigers, left lateral view, showing vitellogenic oocytes in ovaries. Abbreviations: no = notopodial postchaetal lamella; su = dorsal superior capillary chaetae; ve = ventral capillary chaetae. Scale bars: A–E = 20 µm; F = 50 µm.

Fig. 20 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 20. Adult morphology of Pseudopolydora multispinosa sp. nov., holotype (MIMB 40906, formalinfixed and stained with MG). A–C. Anterior end, left lateral (A) and dorsal (B–C) view. D–F. Anterior end, ventral view, showing changing of MG staining in time after return of the specimen to clean ethanol: after 1 minute (D), after 15 minutes (E), after 1 hour (F). Abbreviations: ch5 = chaetiger 5; la = lateral peristomial lip; ve = ventral peristomial lip. Scale bars = 200 µm.

Fig. 16 in Pseudopolydora (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait

Fig. 16. Larval and juvenile morphology of Pseudopolydora kuwaiti sp. nov. Live larvae in reflected (A–C) and transmitted (D–E) light. A. 13-chaetiger larva, dorsal view. B. 14-chaetiger larva, left lateral view. C. The same, ventral view. D. The same, dorsal view. E. The same, anterior end. F. 21-chaetiger juvenile, left lateral view. Scale bars: A–D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm; F = 500 µm.