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Figure 20. A–G, Hydroides spiculitubus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 20. A–G, Hydroides spiculitubus n.sp.: from holotype AM W21443. (A) dorsolateral view of worm with two opercula showing spicules sloughed off from ventral side of abdomen, dorsolateral anterior abdominal tori and pair of eyespots on anal segment; (B) dorsolateral view of second specimen with a single operculum, showing dorsolateral arrangement of anterior abdominal tori and pair of anal eyespots; (C) operculum; (D,G) enlarged view of posterior ends of two worms showing the eye-spots on anal segment; (E,F) bayonet-shaped special collar chaetae.

Figure 6. A–L in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 6. A–L, Vermiliopsis glandigera Gravier, 1908. A–E, a juvenile specimen from AM W21470: (A,B) portions of the tube; (C,D) two views of worm removed from tube. The operculum has few partitions, the enlarged peduncular annulus just below the operculum and the extent of the thoracic membrane of the left side are shown; (E) another view of the same operculum. F–H, chaetae of a specimen from AM W21470: (F) collar chaeta; (G) thoracic uncini; (H) anterior abdominal uncini. I,J, a specimen from AM W21451: (I) tube with worm within; (J) worm removed from tube showing the number of partitions in the operculum, the enlarged peduncular annulus just below the operculum, and the extent of the thoracic membrane on the right side. K,L, a specimen from AM W202948: (K), worm and tube in situ; (L), worm removed from tube; the operculum has 12 partitions, the peduncular annulus below the operculum is enlarged.

Figure 19. A–E, Hydroides spiculitubus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 19. A–E, Hydroides spiculitubus n.sp. from AM W21443. (A) two tubes partly attached to each other; (B,C) magnified anterior ends of latter; (D) worm, in part of its tube: note non-calcareous inner tube consisting of closely adposed spicules, part of the detached inner tube folded over the posterior end of abdomen, the granular overlay along longitudinal ridges and the fine transverse ridges and grooves; (E) enlarged view of four spicules from inner tube.

Figure 9. A–E in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 9. A–E, Pomatostegus actinoceros. (A) tube of a specimen from AM W21438. B–E, a specimen from AM W202961: (B) anterior part of tube; (C) drawing of magnified section of anterior part of tube to show the pitted surface; (D) ventral view of thorax; the slit-like apertures of the pair of thoracic glands are shown; an apron is absent, although the last of thoracic tori are continuous along the posterior edge of the thorax; (E) dorsal view of thorax; the unfringed peduncular wing and the prostomial ocellar cluster on the right side, as well as the thoracic membranes of the two sides of the 3rd thoracic chaetiger are shown.

Figure 5. A–E in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 5. A–E, Vermiliopsis glandigera Gravier, 1908, figured from two specimens from AM W21470; A and B from first specimen; C–E from a second specimen: (A) worm in situ within its tube; (B) worm removed from tube showing the transparent partitioned operculum, its bulb-shaped basal part, the conspicuous annulus just below the latter, pinnule-free radiolar tips and extent of the thoracic membranes; (C) tube; D,E, worm removed from its tube: (D) worm showing distal end of the chitinous part of the operculum contracted into a concavity, and bears a small digitiform process in its centre; (E) another view of worm showing the transparent distal part of the operculum; the large annulus at the distal end of the peduncle has assumed the shape of a ventrally directed projection in alcohol.

Figure 24. A–J, Hydroides trihamulatus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 24. A–J, Hydroides trihamulatus n.sp. (A,B) anterior and posterior parts of tube of a juvenile specimen; (C) worm, showing operculum, operculum, pinnule-free tips of radioles and arrangement of anterior abdominal tori; D–F, from another somewhat older specimen: (D) anterior end of worm, showing operculum, its well-formed main coronal spine, and remaining coronal spines and infundibular spines with simple pointed tips; (E) tube with worm in situ; (F) operculum showing somewhat swollen processes; (G) operculum of still older specimen showing well-formed main coronal spine and remaining coronal and infundibular spines with T-shaped tipas.

Figure 2. A–F, Kimberleya hutchingsae n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 2. A–F, Kimberleya hutchingsae n.sp. from holotype AM W21396: (A) tube; (B) worm; (C) collar chaeta; (D) chaeta from the 2nd thoracic chaetal fascicle; (E) Apomatus-chaeta from a mid thoracic chaetal fascicle; (F) anterior abdominal uncinus (rasp-shaped); (G) portion of tube from AM W21447. H,I, Pseudoprotula kimberleyensis n.gen. and n.sp., from AM W202938, two views of complete worm: (H) ventral view of thorax showing the last pair of uncinal tori; (I) dorsal view of thorax: showing absence of an operculum, the number of thoracic chaetigers and the extent of the thoracic membranes.

Figure 14. A–K and Q, Hydroides kimberleyensis n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 14. A–K and Q, Hydroides kimberleyensis n.sp., from holotype AM W202931: (A) whole worm removed from its tube; (B–D) different views of operculum; (E–I) bayonet-shaped special collar chaetae. J–K, uncini: (J) thoracic uncini, (K) anterior abdominal uncini. L–P, from paratype AM W202963: (L) whole worm; (N–P) different views of operculum. (Q) tube with worm in situ.

Figure 17. A–K, Hydroides pseudexaltatus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 17. A–K, Hydroides pseudexaltatus n.sp., from holotype AM W202930. (A) tube; (B) anterior end of worm showing operculum, radioles, and anterior abdominal tori almost meeting dorsally; (C,D) two other views of operculum; (E–I) bayonet-shaped special collar chaetae; (J) thoracic uncini; (K) anterior abdominal uncini.

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Figure 30. A–I, Serpula nudiradiata n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 30. A–I, Serpula nudiradiata n.sp., from holotype, AM W202942: (A–E)

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Figure 25. A–C, Hydroides trihamulatus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 25. A–C, Hydroides trihamulatus n.sp.—an older specimen from AM W202943: (A) anterior end

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Figure 18. A–J, Hydroides simplidentatus n in Descriptions of New Serpulid Polychaetes from the Kimberleys of Australia and Discussion of Australian and Indo-West Pacific Species of Spirobranchus and Superficially Similar Taxa

Figure 18. A–J, Hydroides simplidentatus n.sp., from holotype AM W21415. (A) anterior end of

FIGURE 8 in A new species of the Spirobranchus kraussii - complex (Annelida, Serpulidae) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman

FIGURE 8. BI tree of 15 taxa of the genus Spirobranchus based on 18S dataset for 52 specimens and 1025 bp long. In all trees, two specimens of Galeolaria were used as outgroup. Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥ 0.9 are indicated on branches of all BI trees.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of the Spirobranchus kraussii - complex (Annelida, Serpulidae) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman

FIGURE 10. BI tree of 11 taxa of the genus Spirobranchus based on concatenated fragments of nuclear 18S and mitochondrial Cyt-b nucleotide sequences for 39 specimens, 1325 bp long.

FIGURE 11 in A new species of the Spirobranchus kraussii - complex (Annelida, Serpulidae) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman

FIGURE 11. BI tree of 11 taxa of the genus Spirobranchus based on concatenated fragments of 18S nucleotide and Cyt-b amino-acid sequences for 39 specimens, 1124 bp long.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of the Spirobranchus kraussii - complex (Annelida, Serpulidae) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of A—Spirobranchus sinuspersicus sp. nov. and B— the taxa of Spirobranchus kraussii-complex used in the phylogenetic analysis. In the map A, green circle is the type locality of the new species; purple circles indicate localities sampled for this study; red circles indicate localities where specimens used for molecular part of the study where collected, including the specimen from Kuwait used in Simon et al. (2019); brown circles are localities from the literature.

FIGURE 9 in Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov. from Singapore: yet another species of S. kraussii-complex (Polychaeta: Serpulidae)

FIGURE 9. Maximum likelihood phylogram of Spirobranchus sp. worms. Tree presented here is of the concatenated dataset (i.e., 18S and Cyt b) and is rooted with Galeolaria hystrix. Bootstrap resampling values under Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference posterior probability values (BI) are denoted at the branches as ML/BI. Only bootstrap values>50 and posterior probability values>0.8 are shown; values <50 and <0.8 are indicated by a (-).

FIGURE 10 A–B in Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov. from Singapore: yet another species of S. kraussii-complex (Polychaeta: Serpulidae)

FIGURE 10 A–B. Results of salinity-temperature assay conducted on early developmental stages of Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov.. A—Fertilisation success as determined by average number of fertilised eggs in sub-samples from nine salinity-temperature combinations; B—Stacked bar graph showing the relative proportions of sub-sampled individuals that had reached the various stages of embryonic development at 1 hour post-fertilisation (hpf). Error bars indicate standard error. Abbreviations—2: 2-cell; 4: 4-cell; 8: 8-cell; ≥16: 16-cell or more.

FIGURE 8 in Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov. from Singapore: yet another species of S. kraussii-complex (Polychaeta: Serpulidae)

FIGURE 8. Opercular endplates and talon in paratypes of Spirobranchus manilensis. A, B—Opercular endplate observed in majority of S. manilensis specimens with deeper and broader area of concavity than S. bakau sp. nov.; C—Side view of operculum of anomalous specimen in type series, showing slight protrusion of endplate from the top of the operculum; D—Top view of opercular endplate of specimen in C, faintly showing concentric ovoid markings; E—Opercular talon of a single S. manilensis specimen with deep concavity around the centre of the endplate; F—Lateral view of talon in E showing sub-rectangular shape with a series of tooth-like edges. Scale bars—A–C: 1 mm, D–F: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Spirobranchus bakau sp. nov. from Singapore: yet another species of S. kraussii-complex (Polychaeta: Serpulidae)

FIGURE 7. Opercular peduncles of Spirobranchus manilensis paratypes. A—Opercular peduncle of specimen; B–D—Peduncular wings of specimens as indicated by white arrow, with C and D showing wings on both sides of same individual. Scale bars—A–B: 1 mm, C–D: 0.5 mm