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123 results for “Steinernema”
Figure 3 in Basic laboratory and field manual for conducting research with the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, and their bacterial symbionts
Figure 3. White trap system with entomopathogenic nematode-infected Galleria mellonella and Tenebrio molitor cadavers. Color change of infected cadavers is observed a few days after death. Heterorhabdid- infected cadaver generally turns red (A and C); steinernematids- infected are brown, tan or even black (C and D).
Fig. 2 in Management of flower thrips in Florida strawberries with Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and the insecticide sulfoxaflor
Fig. 2. Least square means (± 95% confidence intervals) for (A) adult and (B) larval thrips (Frankliniella bispinosa) per 10 strawberry flowers from research plots near Balm, Florida, sprayed 3, 7, and 16 Mar 2016 with Steinernema feltiae and 3 and 16 Mar 2016 with insecticides. Treatments were applied and reapplied when total thrips counts exceeded 5 per flower. Means in lower panel with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey's HSD test, α = 0.05) (Experiment 2).
Fig. 1 in Management of flower thrips in Florida strawberries with Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and the insecticide sulfoxaflor
Fig. 1. Least square means (± 95% confidence intervals) for (A) adult and (B) larval thrips (Frankliniella bispinosa) per 10 strawberry flowers from research plots near Balm, Florida, sprayed 26 Feb, and 1, 5, and 9 Mar 2016 with Steinernema feltiae or insecticides. Means in each panel with the same letter are not significantly different (Tukey's HSD test, α = 0.05) (Experiment 1).
Fig. 3 in Management of flower thrips in Florida strawberries with Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) and the insecticide sulfoxaflor
Fig. 3. Hourly temperature (lef y-axis), rainfall, and relative humidity (right y-axis) 26 Feb to 25 Mar 2016 at Balm, Florida.
Figure 5 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 5: Light microscope micrographs of second-generation adults and IJ of Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. (A–C) Stoma and pharynx region of female, male and IJ, respectively. Black arrow pointing the EP, white arrow pointing the bacteria sac. (D) Vagina region. (E, F) Entire female and male, respectively. (G, H) IJ bacterial sac and lateral field, respectively. (I–K) Posterior end of female, male, and IJ, respectively. Pictures are in right lateral view. EP, excretory pore; IJ, infective juvenile.
Figure 8 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 8: Phylogenetic relationships between the newly described Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. and other Steinernema species. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree reconstructed from: (A) the nucleotide sequences of the ITS rRNA. A total of 705 nucleotide positions, flanked by primers 18S and 26S, were analyzed; (B) the nucleotide sequences of the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA. A total of 786 nucleotide positions, flanked by primers D2F and 536, were analyzed; (C) the nucleotide sequences of the COI gene. A total of 567 nucleotide positions, flanked by primers LCO-1490 and HCO-2198, were analyzed; and (D) the nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. A total of 467 nucleotide positions, flanked by primers 505F and 506R, were analyzed. Numbers at nodes represent bootstrap values based on 100 replications. Bars represent average nucleotide substitutions per sequence position. NCBI accession numbers of the nucleotide sequences used for the analyses are shown next to the species names. COI, cytochrome oxidase subunit I; ITS, internal transcribed spacer; NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Figure 4 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 4: Light microscope micrographs of first-generation adults and IJ of Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. (A, B) Stoma and pharynx region of female and male, respectively. (C–E) Lip region and stoma of female, male and IJ, respectively. (F) Vagina region. (G–I) Entire female, male and IJ, respectively. (J) Posterior end of a female. (K, L) Posterior end of males. Pictures are in right lateral view. IJ, infective juvenile.
Figure 7 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 7: Scanning electron microscope micrographs of second-generation adults and IJ of Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. (A–C) Lip region of female, male, and IJ in lateral view, respectively. Arrows pointing the amphids (C: cheilostom, G: gymnostom, S: stegostom, cp: cephalic papillae, lp: labial papillae). (D–F) Lip region of female, male, and IJ in frontal view, respectively. Black arrows point to the amphids, white arrow points to the dorsal gland opening. (G) EP of female. (H) Male posterior region in lateral view – GP, MP, ph. (I) EP of IJ. (J) Vulva. (K) IJ lateral field. (L, M) Female tail (arrows pointing the phasmids). (N) Male posterior region in lateral view. (O, P) IJ tail in lateral and ventral views, respectively. Arrows pointing the phasmids. EP, excretory pore; GP, genital papillae; MP, mid-ventral papilla; ph, phasmid.
Figure 1 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 1: Line drawings of Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. IJ. (A) Stoma and pharynx region. (B) Anterior end. (C) Entire IJ. (D) Posterior end. IJ, infective juvenile.
Figure 6 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 6: Scanning electron microscope micrographs of first-generation adults of Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. (A, B) Lip region of a female and a male, respectively, in lateral view. Arrows pointing the amphids (C: cheilostom, G: gymnostom, S: stegostom, cp: cephalic papillae, and lp: labial papillae). (C) Male posterior end in sub-ventral view – GP, MP, ph. (D, E) Lip region of a female and a male, respectively, in frontal view. (F, G) EP of a female and a male, respectively. (H) Vulva. (I) Male posterior end in sub-ventral view – GP, MP, ph. (J) Male posterior end in sub-ventral view – GP, MP. (K) Female anus. Arrow pointing a post-anal pore. (L, M) Female tail in lateral and ventral views, respectively. Black arrow pointing a post-anal pore, white arrows pointing the phasmids. EP, excretory pore; GP, genital papillae; MP, mid-ventral papilla; ph, phasmid.
Figure 3 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 3: Line drawings of first- and second-generation Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. males. (A–D) First-generation male: (A) Stoma and pharynx region; (B) Lip region and stoma; (C) Entire male; (D) Posterior end. (E–H) Second-generation male: (E) Stoma and pharynx region; (F) Lip region and stoma; (G) Entire male; (H) Posterior end.
Figure 2 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 2: Line drawings of first- and second-generation Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. females. (A–E) First-generation female: (A) Stoma and pharynx region; (B) Lip region and stoma; (C) Vagina region; (D) Posterior end; (E) Entire female. (F–I) Second-generation female: (F) Stoma and pharynx region; (G) Lip region and stoma; (H) Vagina region; (I) Posterior end.
Figure S2 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure S2: Pairwise comparisons of the nucleotide sequences of the D2–D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA. (A) Sequence similarities (%). (B) Number of nucleotide differences (bp). A total of 786 nucleotide positions, flanked by primers D2F and 536, were analyzed. NCBI accession numbers of the nucleotide sequences used for the analyses are shown next to the species names. NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Figure 9 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure 9: Phylogenetic relationships between the XenOrhabdUS symbiont isolated from Steinernema afriCanUm n. sp. and other XenOrhabdUS species. Phylogenetic trees were built based on core genome sequences. A total of 1,719,910 nucleotide positions were used in the analyses. Numbers at the nodes represent SH-like branch supports. Bar represents 0.05 nucleotide substitutions per sequence position. Accession numbers of the genome sequences used for the reconstruction are shown in Table S1 in Supplementary Material.
Figure S1 in Steinernema africanum n. sp. (Rhabditida, Steinernematidae), a New Entomopathogenic Nematode Species Isolated in the Republic of Rwanda
Figure S1: Pairwise comparisons of the ITS nucleotide sequences. (A) Sequence similarities (%). (B) Number of nucleotide differences (bp). A total of 808 nucleotide positions, flanked by primers 18S and 26S, were analyzed. NCBI accession numbers of the nucleotide sequences used for the analyses are shown next to the species names. ITS, internal transcribed spacer; NCBI, National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Fig. 3 in Control of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with Steinernema riobrave (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in plasticulture Florida strawberry
Fig. 3. Progression of damage to strawberry plants (n = 13 per plot) when a central plant in each plot was infested with 4 late-instar Diaprepes abbreviatus. All plants in a plot received 1 or 2 soil applications of infective juvenile Steinernema riobrave (25 per cm2 in 50 mL water), 1 application of imidacloprid (Admire® Pro, 767 mL per ha), or water (control) on 16 and 22 Nov 2017, and plants were categorized weekly from pre-application (16 Nov) up to 4 wk post-application (14 Dec) using a rating scale of (1) healthy, (2) minor wilting, (3) major wilting, (4) mix of brown and green leaves, or (5) dead with all brown leaves. Strawberry plants were in raised, plasticulture earthen beds in research plots at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Balm, Florida, USA.
Fig. 1 in Control of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with Steinernema riobrave (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in plasticulture Florida strawberry
Fig. 1. Strawberry plot layout for testing applications of Steinernema riobrave for controlling late-instar Diaprepes abbreviatus placed around the root zones of infested plants. Strawberries (38 cm in-row spacing) were planted into raised, earthen beds (1.2 m width) covered with black plastic mulch in research plots at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Balm, Florida, USA.
Fig. 2 in Control of Diaprepes abbreviatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) with Steinernema riobrave (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in plasticulture Florida strawberry
Fig. 2. Mean live (± SEM) and dead Steinernema riobrave-infected or uninfected, late-instar Diaprepes abbreviatus from soil in the root-zone of a randomly selected peripheral strawberry plant (n = 6) (see Fig. 1) afer 1 or 2 applications of infective juvenile Steinernema riobrave (25 per cm2 in 50 mL water), 1 application of imidacloprid (Admire® Pro, 767 mL per ha), or water (control) were made 16 and 22 Nov 2017 around the base of each plant. Plants were in raised, plasticulture earthen beds in research plots at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Balm, Florida, USA.
Fig. 2 in Development of Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in larvae of Chaetonyx robustus (Coleoptera: Orphnidae)
Fig. 2. Liva (A) and infected larva (B) of Chaetonyx robustus. Scale bar: 2 mm.
Figure 13 in Basic laboratory and field manual for conducting research with the entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, and their bacterial symbionts
Figure 13. Sponge types which can be used for nematode storage and formulation.
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