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47 results for “Suction feeding”
Figure 18 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 18. Illustration of the difference of development of the prominence posterior to the nasals on the vertex in dorsal view in: A and B, Mesoplodon perrini (USNM 504260); C and D, Mesoplodon layardii (USNM 550150); E and F, Mesoplodon grayi (SNM CN1); and G and H, Berardius bairdii (USNM 550886). The prominence is outlined in B, D and F. Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 15 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 15. Thoracic vertebrae of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov. T1–T3 (vertebra A): A, anterior view; B, posterior view; C, right lateral view. Post-T4 (vertebra B): A, anterior view; B, posterior view; C, right lateral view. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Figure 8 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 8. Left periotic of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, dorsomedial view; D, ventral view; E–H, corresponding drawings. Scale bar = 20 mm.
Figure 10 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 10. Lower jaw of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, dorsal view; B, left lateral view. Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 7 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 7. Vertex of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., dorsal view. A, detail of the dorsal part of the nasals; B and C, vertex without the dorsal part of the nasals. White lines delimit the suture lines. Scale bar = 30 mm.
Figure 14 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 14. Cervical vertebrae of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov. Atlas: A, anterior view; B, posterior view. Axis-cervical vertebra 3: C, posterior view; D, lateral view; E, lateral of the separation between cervical vertebra 3 and axis. Cervical vertebra 5: F, anterior view; G, posterior view; H, lateral view. Cervical vertebra 6: I, anterior view; J, posterior view; K, lateral view. Dotted zones delimit burst areas or sediment. White straight line in E delimits the axis and the C3. Scale bar = 50 mm.
Figure 11 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 11. Detail of the alveoli of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, apex of the mandible right dorsolateral view; B, alveoli on the symphysis, right lateral view; C, alveoli at mid-length of the rostrum, right lateral view. White arrows emphasize the alveoli position. Scale bar = 20 mm.
Kinematic and morphological data from: Trophic guilds of suction-feeding fish are distinguished by their characteristic hydrodynamics of swimming and feeding
<p>Suction-feeding in fish is a ubiquitous form of prey capture whose outcome depends both on the movements of the predator and the prey, and on the dynamics of the surrounding fluid, which exerts forces on the two organisms. The inherent complexity of suction-feeding has challenged previous efforts to understand how the feeding strikes are modified when species evolve to feed on different prey types. Here, we utilize the concept of dynamic similarity, commonly applied to understanding the mechanisms of swimming, flying, walking, and aquatic feeding. We characterize the hydrodynamic regimes pertaining to 1) the forward movement of the fish (ram), and 2) the suction flows for feeding strikes of 71 species of acanthomorph fish. A discriminant function analysis revealed that feeding strikes of zooplanktivores, generalists, and piscivores could be distinguished based on their hydrodynamic regimes. Furthermore, a phylogenetic comparative analysis revealed that there are distinctive hydrodynamic adaptive peaks associated with zooplanktivores, generalists, and piscivores. The scaling of dynamic similarity across species, body sizes, and feeding guilds in fish indicates that elementary hydrodynamic principles govern the trophic evolution of suction-feeding in fish.</p>
Fig. 1 in Evolution and diversity of ram-suction feeding in damselfishes (Pomacentridae)
Fig. 1 Phylogenetic relationships of the damselfishes studied for ram and suction performances. Circles at the tips indicated the different groups: nozooplanktivorous species with the cerato-mandibular (c-md) ligament, zooplanktivorous species with the c-md ligament, and zooplanktivorous without the cmd ligament. The shape of the head when the upper jaw is pro- truded is illustrated for each species; oral jaws are highlighted in green. The number of individuals used for both set of data (kinematic and morphological) and the mean of their head length are indicated
Fig. 2 A in Evolution and diversity of ram-suction feeding in damselfishes (Pomacentridae)
Fig. 2 A model of the morphological basis of the capacity to generate suction pressure in the buccal cavity (Carroll et al. 2004). The model allows one to relate morphological variation among fish individuals and species to relative capacity for generating suction pressure. EPAXcsa cross-sectional area of the epaxial muscle, EP epaxial muscle, Lin moment arm of the EP, Lout moment arm of the buccal cavity, PMX premaxillary, S-PT joint between the supracleithrum and the postemporal of the pectoral girdle, SI suction index. The cylinder represents the buccal cavity
of central in) KCC (Cave Chakan Khao and) KWC ( Cave] Wongkot Acari and, Khao Dermaptera at 2016, September Isoptera, to 2015 Plecoptera, October Psocoptera during, traps Blattodae, suction Odonata in, collected Trichoptera insects, of Orthoptera mass include dry Percent Others [ .. 2. Thailand ABLE T in The wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus Buchannan, 1800) feeds mainly on brown planthoppers in rice fields of central Thailand
of central in) KCC (Cave Chakan Khao and) KWC ( Cave] Wongkot Acari and, Khao Dermaptera at 2016, September Isoptera, to 2015 Plecoptera, October Psocoptera during, traps Blattodae, suction Odonata in, collected Trichoptera insects, of Orthoptera mass include dry Percent Others [ .. 2. Thailand ABLE T
Kinematic and morphological data from: Trophic guilds of suction-feeding fish are distinguished by their characteristic hydrodynamics of swimming and feeding
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Dual function of epaxial musculature for swimming and suction feeding in largemouth bass
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Data from: The interaction between suction feeding performance and prey escape response determines feeding success in larval fish
The survival of larval marine fishes during early development depends on their ability to capture prey. Most larval fish capture prey by expanding their mouth, generating a suction flow that draws the prey into it. These larvae dwell in a hydrodynamic regime of intermediate Reynolds numbers, shown to impede their ability to capture non-evasive prey. However, the marine environment is characterized by an abundance of evasive prey, such as Copepods. These organisms sense the hydrodynamic disturbance created by approaching predators and perform high-acceleration escape maneuvers. Using a 3D high-speed video system, we characterized the interaction between Sparus aurata larvae and prey from a natural zooplankton assemblage that contained evasive prey, and assessed the factors that determine the outcome of these interactions. 8-33 day post hatching larvae preferentially attacked large prey that was moving prior to the initialization of the strike, however feeding success was lower for larger, more evasive prey. Thus, larvae were challenged in capturing their preferred prey. Larval feeding success increased with increasing Reynolds numbers, but decreased sharply when the prey performed an escape maneuver. The kinematics of successful strikes resulted in a shorter response time but higher hydrodynamic signature available for the prey, suggesting that strike success in our experiments was determined by brevity rather than stealth, i.e. executing a fast strike eliminated a potential escape response by the prey. Our observations of prey selectivity as it happens, reveal that larval performance, rather than preferences, determines their diet during early development.
Figure 2 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 2. Reconstruction of MSM1001x (holotype), Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., dorsal view: A, skull; B, mandible. Dotted lines correspond to reconstructed areas. Scale bar = 100 mm.
Figure 19 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 19. Boxplot of the ratio AL/TL between the length from the posterior end of the alveolar groove to the posterior end of the mandible (AL) and the total length of the mandible (TL). The circled data correspond to the two long-snouted fossil ziphiids Messapicetus gregarius and Ninoziphius platyrostris, the most similar in size to Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov.
Figure 17 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 17. The most parsimonious tree obtained with maximum of parsimony to decipher the relationships of MSM1001x, Dagonodum mojnum gen. nov., sp. nov., among Ziphiidae. Tree length = 215; consistency index = 0.474; retention index = 0.698. Numbers above the branches = bootstrap values; numbers below the branches = absolute Bremer support values. Values of Bootstrap under 50% are not presented. †Fossil species.
Figure 1 in Description of a new long-snouted beaked whale from the Late Miocene of Denmark: evolution of suction feeding and sexual dimorphism in the Ziphiidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti)
Figure 1. Current extension of the Gram Formation in Denmark (shaded area). The type locality is situated in the Gram claypit, 1.5 km north of Gram. Modified from Rasmussen (1966).
Suction feeding by predators limits direct release of alarm cues in fishes
<p>Chemical alarm cues alert aquatic prey to the presence of an actively foraging predator. There is a large literature based upon responses to alarm cues derived from skin extract, because it is anticipated that prey skin is damaged when prey are attacked by a predator. However, many predators feed by suction feeding whereby prey are quickly drawn into the buccal cavity and swallowed whole with little, if any, direct contact between the teeth of the predator and the prey. Here, we test if predation by suction feeding releases chemical information in sufficient quantity to elicit an antipredator response in conspecific prey. In tests of individual zebrafish <i>Danio rerio</i>, we found that odor of crushed zebrafish produced a clear antipredator behavioral response, but water collected immediately adjacent to staged predation events between a largemouth bass <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> (122-145 mm TL) and adult zebrafish (39 mm TL) did not elicit alarm behavior, and did not differ from behavioral responses to blank water or bass odor (on a diet of earthworms). In a second experiment, zebrafish swallowed by largemouth bass, then retrieved seconds later through gastric lavage, produced zebrafish that were alive and completely intact with minimal epidermal damage. Published relationships between bass length, gape size and the geometry of suction feeding suggest that in a hypothetical population of largemouth bass feeding on adult zebrafish, or fathead minnows, the majority of predation events by piscivorous fish probably would not release detectable levels of prey alarm cue. Accounting for the role of feeding mechanics by fish predators requires a recalibration of the literature on risk assessment by small prey fishes. Chemically-mediated antipredator behaviors against suction-feeding predators may occur primarily via post-ingestion dietary cues, or disturbance cues released near the moment of attack.</p>
Data from: Functional coupling in the evolution of suction feeding and gill ventilation of sculpins (Perciformes: Cottoidei)
Suction feeding and gill ventilation in teleosts are functionally coupled, meaning that there is an overlap in the structures involved with both functions. Functional coupling is one type of morphological integration, a term that broadly refers to any covariation, correlation, or coordination among structures. Suction feeding and gill ventilation exhibit other types of morphological integration, including functional coordination (a tendency of structures to work together to perform a function) and evolutionary integration (a tendency of structures to covary in size or shape across evolutionary history). Functional coupling, functional coordination, and evolutionary integration have each been proposed to limit morphological diversification to some extent. Yet teleosts show extraordinary cranial diversity, suggesting that there are mechanisms within some teleost clades that promote morphological diversification, even within the highly integrated suction feeding and gill ventilatory systems. To investigate this, we quantified evolutionary integration among four mechanical units associated with suction feeding and gill ventilation in a diverse clade of benthic, primarily suction-feeding fishes (Cottoidei; sculpins and relatives). We reconstructed cottoid phylogeny using molecular data from 108 species, and obtained 24 linear measurements of four mechanical units (jaws, hyoid, opercular bones, and branchiostegal rays) from micro-CT reconstructions of 44 cottoids and one outgroup taxon. We tested for evolutionary correlation and covariation among the four mechanical units using phylogenetically corrected principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of measurements for each unit, followed by correlating phylogenetically independent contrasts and computing phylogenetic generalized least squares models from the first principle component axis of each of the four mechanical units. The jaws, opercular bones, and branchiostegal rays show evolutionary integration, but the hyoid is not positively integrated with these units. To examine these results in an ecomorphological context, we used published ecological data in phylogenetic ANOVA models to demonstrate that the jaw is larger in fishes that eat elusive or grasping prey (e.g., prey that can easily escape or cling to the substrate) and that the hyoid is smaller in intertidal and hypoxia-tolerant sculpins. Within Cottoidei, the relatively independent evolution of the hyoid likely has reduced limitations on morphological evolution within the highly morphologically integrated suction feeding and gill ventilatory systems.
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