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58 results for “Triturus”
Data from: Kicking Triturus arntzeni when it's down: large-scale nuclear genetic data confirm that newts from the type locality are genetically admixed
We collected nuclear DNA data (52 markers) with next-generation sequencing for nine Triturus newt specimens, including the holotype and two of the paratypes of T. arntzeni, from the type locality at Vrtovać in eastern Serbia. We compare these data to a reference set composed of the four crested newt species distributed in eastern Serbia namely T. cristatus, T. dobrogicus, T. ivanbureschi and T. macedonicus to determine to which of these species the newts from the type locality of T. arntzeni should be attributed. The majority of alleles in individuals from Vrtovać is derived from T. macedonicus, but a considerable number of T. ivanbureschi alleles is also present; alleles typical for T. cristatus and T. dobrogicus are found at low frequency. Accordingly, we interpret Vrtovać as a T. macedonicus – T. ivanbureschi hybrid population, albeit not composed of F1 hybrids but of genetically admixed individuals derived through multiple generations of backcrossing. The data support the notion that the name T. arntzeni should not be applied to a species newly distinguished in T. karelinii sensu lato (to which the name T. ivanbureschi has been given). We conclude that because of the hybrid nature of the individuals from Vrtovać, the name T. arntzeni should be placed not only in the synonymy of T. macedonicus but also in the synonymy of T. ivanbureschi. In this study we demonstrate that next-generation sequencing can provide high quality data for type material with degraded DNA and therefore can play an important role in taxonomy.
FIGURE 2. A in A revised taxonomy of crested newts in the Triturus karelinii group (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae), with the description of a new species
FIGURE 2. A comparison of the genome size (pg) of Triturus arntzeni with that of other groups of Triturus newts. From left to right, the groups are T. pygmaeus (n = 1), T. marmoratus (n = 2), T. dobrogicus (n = 115), T. cristatus (n = 183), T. carnifex (n = 3), T. macedonicus (n = 6), T. arntzeni (white; n = 13), and western (n = 2), central (n = 2) and eastern (n = 58) T. karelinii s. l. nuclear gene pool (colors correspond to those in Fig. 1). Shown are median, quartiles and range. Data are taken from (Litvinchuk et al., 1999; Litvinchuk et al., 2007) and provided in online Appendix 3. Note that the genome size of T. arntzeni is dissimilar to T. karelinii s. l. and is not different from that of T. macedonicus and T. carnifex.
FIGURE 1 in A revised taxonomy of crested newts in the Triturus karelinii group (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae), with the description of a new species
FIGURE 1. The distribution of Triturus karelinii s. l. The inset shows the distribution of Triturus (the red/green interdigitating shades refer to an area where T. marmoratus and T. cristatus are distributed sympatrically) and the cut-out shows the distribution of the three nuclear gene pools comprising T. karelinii s. l. in detail. The interdigitating shades of blue represent the area in which the central T. karelinii s. l. nuclear gene pool carries western T. karelinii s. l. mitochondrial DNA. The three white dots in the cut-out show type localities with, from left to right, Vrtovać, Serbia for T. arntzeni, Ostar Kamak, Bulgaria for T. ivanbureschi sp. nov. and the coast of the Gulf of Gorgan, Iran for T. karelinii sensu stricto. The black squares show six of the seven populations (a-b and d-g) representing locality 14 of T. arntzeni in Litvinchuk et al. (1999)); the left white dot corresponds to the seventh locality (c; see text for details).
FIGURE 4 in A revised taxonomy of crested newts in the Triturus karelinii group (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae), with the description of a new species
FIGURE 4. The holotype of Triturus ivanbureschi sp. nov. Pictures providing a ventral (a), lateral (b) and doral (c) view of the holotype of T. ivanbureschi sp. nov., an adult male from Ostar Kamak, Bulgaria (museum number RMNH.RENA.47200).
FIGURE 3 in A revised taxonomy of crested newts in the Triturus karelinii group (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae), with the description of a new species
FIGURE 3. Genetic similarity among crested newts (Triturus cristatus superspecies) based on the allozyme data presented in Litvinchuk et al. (1999). Similarity among ten groups of crested newt, identified by Bayesian clustering, is expressed in an UPGMA dendrogram built with Rogers'genetic distance (for details see text and for data see online Appendix 4). Pie sizes reflect sample size. Color codes are as in Fig. 1 and individuals from the population of special interest (the type locality of T. arntzeni—Vrtovać) are shown in white. Note that this group does not cluster with T. karelinii s. l.
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of crested newt, previously subsumed in Triturus ivanbureschi (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae)
FIGURE 3. The holotype and one of the paratypes of Triturus anatolicus sp. nov. in life. Lateral (a) and ventral (b) view of a male (below, holotype, RMNH.RENA.48232) and a female (above, paratype, RMNH.RENA.48239).
FIGURE 2 in Description of a new species of crested newt, previously subsumed in Triturus ivanbureschi (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae)
FIGURE 2. Genetic data for Triturus ivanbureschi sensu lato presented in Wielstra et al. (submitted) illustrate the sharp geographical overturn between the genotypes representing its two constituent species. Panel (a) shows the 67 sampled populations as dots with the colored background representing a rough distribution outline of the two species based on nuclear DNA. Populations are colored according to the mtDNA type present; western populations of Triturus anatolicus sp. nov. possess mtDNA of Triturus ivanbureschi sensu stricto. Those populations harboring individuals showing introgression and genetically admixed individuals based on nuclear DNA (as defined below) are highlighted. Panel (b) shows a Structure plot representing Q scores with which the 428 sampled individuals were allocated to two different species (k = 2 was the optimal number of gene pools inferred in the Structure analysis). The individuals are ordered based on the Q score with which they are allocated to T. ivanbureschi sensu stricto, from high to low values. Individuals allocated to their respective species with Q ≥ 0.987 are considered genetically pure. Individuals showing introgression are defined as being allocated to a species with 0.987> Q> 0.85 and genetically admixed individuals as being allocated to either species with Q ≤ 0.85. Those individuals that are not genetically pure are highlighted in panel (b). Note that nuclear introgression is geographically asymmetric.
FIGURE 1 in Description of a new species of crested newt, previously subsumed in Triturus ivanbureschi (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae)
FIGURE 1. The two cryptic species comprising Triturus ivanbureschi sensu lato are distributed in Asiatic Turkey and the south-eastern Balkan Peninsula. A rough distribution outline for T. ivanbureschi sensu stricto is shown in green and for T. anatolicus sp. nov. in red. The two taxa meet at a hybrid zone in northwestern Asiatic Turkey. A rough distribution outline for T. karelinii sensu stricto – with which Triturus ivanbureschi sensu lato until recently was considered to be conspecific – is in blue. Records of Triturus newts are absent from most of NE Turkey, suggesting that the ranges of T. anatolicus sp. nov. and T. karelinii sensu stricto do not meet. White dots represent type localities for, from left to right, T. ivanbureschi sensu stricto, T. anatolicus sp. nov. and T. karelinii sensu stricto.
Data from: Data concatenation, Bayesian concordance and coalescent-based analyses of the species tree for the rapid radiation of Triturus newts
The phylogenetic relationships for rapid species radiations are difficult to disentangle. Here we study one such case, namely the genus Triturus, which is composed of the marbled and crested newts. We analyze data for 38 genetic markers, positioned in 3-prime untranslated regions of protein-coding genes, obtained with 454 sequencing. Our dataset includes twenty Triturus newts and represents all nine species. Bayesian analysis of population structure allocates all individuals to their respective species. The branching patterns obtained by data concatenation, Bayesian concordance analysis and coalescent-based estimations of the species tree differ from one another. The data concatenation based species tree shows high branch support but branching order is considerably affected by allele choice in the case of heterozygotes in the concatenation process. Bayesian concordance analysis expresses the conflict between individual gene trees for part of the Triturus species tree as low concordance factors. The coalescent-based species tree is relatively similar to a previously published species tree based upon morphology and full mtDNA and any conflicting internal branches are not highly supported. Our findings reflect high gene tree discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting (possibly aggravated by hybridization) in combination with low information content of the markers employed (as can be expected for relatively recent species radiations). This case study highlights the complexity of resolving rapid radiations and we acknowledge that to convincingly resolve the Triturus species tree even more genes will have to be consulted.
Data from: Scale-dependent effects of terrestrial habitat on genetic variation in the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus)
<p><b>Context</b></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle">Terrestrial landscapes surrounding aquatic habitat influence the persistence of amphibian spatially structured populations (SSPs) via their crucial role in providing estivation and overwintering sites, facilitating or hampering dispersal and colonisation, and consequently the maintenance or loss of genetic diversity.</p> <p><b>Objectives</b></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle">To highlight the landscape drivers of genetic variation, we investigated the relationship between the level of genetic variation measured within ponds of the great crested newt (<i>Triturus cristatus</i>), and the composition of the surrounding landscape at various spatial scales.</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle">Based on the sampling of 40 ponds in thirteen SSPs, the influence of landscape features on several estimators of genetic variation was investigated via linear mixed models, with effects within and between SSPs incorporated.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle">The best models depended on the spatial scale, with more significant associations within radii of 50 and 100 m of core ponds, particularly for allelic richness. Responses within and between SSPs were mostly similar. The availability of aquatic habitat in the landscape had a positive effect, while woodland, arable land and pasture had different effects depending on scale and response variable. Total length of roads within a 250 m radius influenced effective population size negatively.</p> <p><b>Conclusions</b></p> <p class="CxSpMiddle">Our results stress the need to investigate the influence of environmental predictors at multiple spatial scales for an adequate understanding of ongoing processes. Generally, the landscape affected genetic variation similarly within and between SSPs. This allowed us to provide general guidelines for the persistence of great crested newt populations, with an emphasis on the importance of the aquatic habitat.</p>
Data for: An experimental assessment of detection dog ability to locate great crested newts (Triturus cristatus) at a channeled distance and through soil
<p>Detection dogs are increasingly used to locate cryptic wildlife species, but their use for amphibians is still rather underexplored. In the present paper we focus on the great crested newts (<em>Triturus cristatus</em>), a European species which is experiencing high conservation concerns across its range, and assess the ability of a trained detection dog to locate individuals during their terrestrial phase. More specifically, we used a series of randomised, double-blinded experiments to document whether a range of distances between target newts and the detection dog affects the ability of localisation, and to assess the ability and efficiency of target newt detection in simulated subterranean refugia through 20 cm of two common soil types (clay and sandy soil, both with and without air vents to mimic mammal burrows, a common refuge used by <em>T. cristatus</em>). The detection dog accurately located all individual <em>T. cristatus</em> across the entire range of tested distances (25 cm - 2 m). The substrate trials revealed that the detection dog could locate individuals also through soil. As expected, the detection time during the soil discrimination trials was significantly reduced for treatments with vents. Contrary to existing studies with detection dogs in human forensic contexts, however, detection was generally faster for <em>T. cristatus</em> under clay soil compared to sandy soil. Our study provides a general baseline for the use of detection dogs in locating <em>T. cristatus</em> and similar amphibian species during their terrestrial phase. </p>
Figure 3 in Genetic homogeneity in a Pontocaspian crested newt species (Triturus karelinii) suggests recent isolation of its three allopatric range sections
Figure 3. DISTRUCT plots showing allocation of Triturus karelinii individuals to gene pools (k) based on the different Bayesian clustering programs (noted on the left with the preferred k value). See the main text for details. Population numbers (noted at the top) correspond to fig. 1 and table 1.
Figure 5 in Genetic homogeneity in a Pontocaspian crested newt species (Triturus karelinii) suggests recent isolation of its three allopatric range sections
Figure 5. Species distribution model for Triturus karelinii projected on climate layers for the present, the mid-Holocene (mid-Holo, ∼6 Ka), the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ∼22 Ka) and the Last Interglacial (∼130 Ka). For the mid-Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum projections on data layers based on the CCSM4 (CCSM) and MIROC-ESM (MIROC) model are shown. Warmer colours reflect a higher predicted suitability.
Figure 2 in Genetic homogeneity in a Pontocaspian crested newt species (Triturus karelinii) suggests recent isolation of its three allopatric range sections
Figure 2. Phylogeny (left) and haplotype network for Triturus karelinii mtDNA. Haplotype codes (the prefix 'TkarA' has been excluded in the haplotype network) correspond to supplementary table S1. Colours reflect the three regions where haplotypes originate from. Values at nodes are posterior probability values (<0.5 not shown). The outgroup is not shown.
Figure 1 in Genetic homogeneity in a Pontocaspian crested newt species (Triturus karelinii) suggests recent isolation of its three allopatric range sections
Figure 1. Sampling scheme for Triturus karelinii. Numbered localities were sequenced for nuclear DNA and correspond to table 1. The black squares reflect additional localities for which mtDNA has been sequenced and the white stars reflect localities that were on top of that used to create the species distribution model. Grey background shading reflects elevation with darker colours reflecting higher elevation.
Figure 4 in Genetic homogeneity in a Pontocaspian crested newt species (Triturus karelinii) suggests recent isolation of its three allopatric range sections
Figure 4. Results of a principal component analysis of nuclear genetic data for Triturus karelinii. Population numbers correspond to fig. 1 and table 1.
Data from: Parallel tagged amplicon sequencing of transcriptome-based genetic markers for Triturus newts with the Ion Torrent next-generation sequencing platform
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Data from: Scale-dependent effects of terrestrial habitat on genetic variation in the great crested newt (Triturus cristatus)
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Data from: Is the Danube crested newt Triturus dobrogicus polytypic? A review and new nuclear DNA data
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Data from: A revised taxonomy of crested newts in the Triturus karelinii group (Amphibia: Caudata: Salamandridae), with the description of a new species
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